Elastic deformation of composite cylinders with cylindrically orthotropic layers

This paper provides explicit analytical expressions for displacement and stress fields in a multilayered composite cylinder with cylindrically orthotropic layers subjected to homogeneous boundary conditions. The solutions are derived in the assumption of perfect bonding between layers. The components of displacement, strain and stress are expressed in terms of the integration constants found from boundary conditions by utilizing the transfer matrix approach. Several examples are considered. The approach is validated by comparing with previously known solutions.     

In-plane wave motion and resonance phenomena in periodically layered composites with a crack

This paper investigates the transmission and propagation of two-dimensional (2D) time-harmonic plane waves in periodically multilayered elastic composites with a strip-like crack. The total wave field in the composite structure is represented as a sum of the incident wave field determined by the transfer matrix method and the scattered wave field described by integral representations in terms of the Green’s matrices and the crack-opening-displacements. A numerical scheme is developed to compute the wave propagation characteristics and the crack-characterizing quantities. The effects of the crack location and size as well as the angle of wave incidence are investigated using the averaged crack-opening-displacements and the stress intensity factors. Special attention of the paper is devoted to resonance wave motion and wave localization phenomena in a stack of periodical elastic layers weakened by a single strip-like crack. Numerical results are presented and discussed to reveal the usual and the resonant wave transmission by using the power-density vector and the energy streamlines in the vicinity of the crack. Wave localization due to interior and interface cracks is analyzed by considering the energy captured by a crack, and resonance induced crack growth is also discussed.     

DECAY RATE OF SAINT-VENANT END EFFECTS FOR PLANE DEFORMATIONS OF PIEZOELECTRIC-PIEZOMAGNETIC SANDWICH STRUCTURES

This paper is concerned with the decay of Saint-Venant end effects for plane deformations of piezoelectric （PE）-piezomagnetic （PM） sandwich structures, where a PM layer is located between two PE layers with the same material properties or reversely. The end of the sandwich structure is subjected to a set of self-equilibrated magneto-electro-elastic loads. The upper and lower surfaces of the sandwich structure axe mechanically free, electrically open or shorted as well as magnetically open or shorted. Firstly the constitutive equations of PE mate- rials and PM materials for plane strain are given and normalized. Secondly, the simplified state space approach is employed to arrange the constitutive equations into differential equations in a matrix form. Finally, by using the transfer matrix method, the characteristic equations for eigen- values or decay rates axe derived. Based on the obtained characteristic equations, the decay rates for the PE-PM-PE and PM-PE-PM sandwich structures are calculated. The influences of the electromagnetic boundary conditions, material properties of PE layers and volume fraction on the decay rates are discussed in detail.     

2D编织陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变行为的试验研究和模拟

本文对2D编织陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变行为进行了试验研究和理论模拟。将2D编织结构简化为：正交铺层结构和纤维束波动结构。基于基体随机开裂、纤维随机断裂的统计分布理论,得到正交铺层结构的应力-应变关系;基于体积平均方法,将纤维束波动部分分割为若干子单元;由于纤维束的波动使各子单元材料方向与加载方向不一致,因此考虑了各子单元的线性行为和非线性行为对材料响应的影响,同时引入强度分析模型,得到纤维束波动部分的应力-应变关系。结合正交铺层部分和纤维束波动部分的应力-应变关系,得到2D编织结构的应力-应变行为,理论与试验吻合较好。     

二维编织陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变行为

对二维编织陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变行为进行了试验研究和理论模拟. 将二维 编织结构简化为：正交铺层结构和纤维束波动结构. 基于基体随机开裂、纤维随机断裂分布 理论,得到正交铺层结构的应力-应变关系;基于体积平均方法,将纤维束波动部分进行分割, 引入强度分析模型,得到纤维束波动部分的应力-应变关系. 结合正交铺层部分和纤维束波动 部分的应力-应变关系,得到二维编织结构的应力-应变行为,理论与试验吻合较好.     

热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的强非线性固有振动

研究热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的非线性固有振动问题．针对金属－陶瓷功能梯度圆板,考虑几何非线性、材料物理属性参数随温度变化以及材料组分沿厚度方向按幂律分布的情况,应用哈密顿原理推得热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的非线性振动微分方程．考虑周边夹支边界条件,利用伽辽金法得到了横向非线性固有振动方程,并确定了静载荷引起的静挠度．用改进的多尺度法求解强非线性方程,得出非线性固有频率表达式．通过算例,分析了旋转运动功能梯度圆板固有频率随转速、温度等参量的变化情况．结果表明,非线性固有频率随金属含量的增加而降低;随转速和圆板厚度的增大而升高;随功能梯度圆板表面温度的升高而降低．     

Simulation of metal matrix composite solidification in the presence of cooled fibers

Metal matrix composite (MMC) has been well known for its superior material properties compared with traditional composite. A new method is introduced to improve the properties of MMC in the sense that the ends of the reinforcement phase of the composite are allowed to extend out of the mold and cooled by a heat sink in order to promote the rate of heat transfer through the fibers and promote the formation of primary alpha phase around the reinforcement. This paper presents the experimental results obtained from the foundry in the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and some numerical simulation results of the solidification process in the cast mold.     

Calculation of higher natural frequencies of simply supported elastic composite beams using Riccati matrix method

A composite beam is composed of an upper slab and a lower beam connected at the interface by shear transmitting studs. In this paper, an improved and efficient numerical model for the calculation of higher natural frequencies of an elastic composite beam is presented. The numerical model uses the Riccati transfer matrix method. First, the exact field transfer matrix for an element of the beam is represented using the combination of the Analog Beam Method and the transfer matrix method. Second, applying Riccati method to the beam system, the natural frequencies can be easily calculated. The advantage of the present model is to overcome the numerical instabilities of the ordinary transfer matrix method, especially when calculating the higher natural frequencies of structures. A numerical example is given to illustrate and compare the results with those available from other methods. Finally, a parametric study is given to examine the effect of various parameters of the elastic composite beam on its free vibration behavior.     

复杂链式结构动力分析中的直接迁移子结构方法

本文将频响函数和迁移矩阵引入子结构方法中，提出简单高效的直接迁移子结构方法。当子结构中内部自由度很大时，用这种方法进行链武结构的动力特性分析和求解谐和激励响应时依然能保持很高的计算效率和精度。而且有限元分析或试验得到的各子结构数据相互独立，因此对结构的不同组合进行分析只需改变相应连接条件；当结构有局部修改时也只需修正相应子结构的数据。这些特性对复杂链武结构动力优化和抗震设计问题十分有利。最后的数值算例说明了所提出方法的优越性及其在工程中的实用性。     

Recursive geometric integrators for wave propagation in a functionally graded multilayered elastic medium

The differential equations governing transfer and stiffness matrices and acoustic impedance for a functionally graded generally anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic medium have been obtained. It is shown that the transfer matrix satisfies a linear 1st order matrix differential equation, while the stiffness matrix satisfies a nonlinear Riccati equation. For a thin nonhomogeneous layer, approximate solutions with different levels of accuracy have been formulated in the form of a transfer matrix using a geometrical integration in the form of a Magnus expansion. This integration method preserves qualitative features of the exact solution of the differential equation, in particular energy conservation. The wave propagation solution for a thick layer or a multilayered structure of inhomogeneous layers is obtained recursively from the thin layer solutions. Since the transfer matrix solution becomes computationally unstable with increase of frequency or layer thickness, we reformulate the solution in the form of a stable stiffness-matrix solution which is obtained from the relation of the stiffness matrices to the transfer matrices. Using an efficient recursive algorithm, the stiffness matrices of the thin nonhomogeneous layer are combined to obtain the total stiffness matrix for an arbitrary functionally graded multilayered system. It is shown that the round-off error for the stiffness-matrix recursive algorithm is higher than that for the transfer matrices. To optimize the recursive procedure, a computationally stable hybrid method is proposed which first starts the recursive computation with the transfer matrices and then, as the thickness increases, transits to the stiffness matrix recursive algorithm. Numerical results show this solution to be stable and efficient. As an application example, we calculate the surface wave velocity dispersion for a functionally graded coating on a semispace.     

槽型宽翼受压构件剪力滞分析的传递矩阵法

利用能量变分法,建立了槽型宽翼受压构件考虑剪力滞效应时的平衡控制微分方程,给 出了该方程在轴向均布载荷作用下的初参数解,导出了求解槽型宽翼受压构件内力、应力和 位移的场矩阵和点矩阵,提出一种研究槽型宽翼受压构件剪滞效应的传递矩阵法. 数值算例 表明,该方法计算便捷、精度好、具有较高的工程应用价值.     

曲线桥分析的精细传递矩阵法

将精细积分与传递矩阵法相结合,提出一种新的精细传递矩阵格式,应用于曲线桥的分析中。与传统的传递矩阵法相比,无需对微分方程组进行求解,只需迭代即可得到所需要的传递矩阵。根据边界条件,得到结构的内力及变形。算例表明,该方法正确有效。     

求解多层弹性半空间轴对称问题的精确刚度矩阵法

本文首先从弹性力学的基本方程出发，利用Hankel积分变换等数学手段，推导出了单层弹性半空问轴对称问题的刚度矩阵，然后按传统的有限元方法组成总体刚度矩阵。通过求解由总体刚度矩阵所构成的代数方程和Hankel积分逆变换就可解出静荷载作用下多层弹性半空间轴对称问题的精确解。由于刚度矩阵的元素中不含有正指数项，计算时不会出现溢出的现象，从而克服了传递矩阵法的缺点。由于在推导过程中摒弃了应力函数的选择，使得问题的求解更加理论化和合理化，同时也为进一步研究这类问题如温度场，动力学等方向奠定了理论基础。最后，文中还给出了计算实例来证明推导结果的准确性。     

复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲失稳行为的栅线投影实验研究

本文利用栅线投影测量方法研究了蜂窝夹层板、工字型及T型加筋板三种不同结构形式复合材料襟翼壁板在压缩载荷下的屈曲失稳行为,得到了不同形式结构件屈曲的全场离面位移分布规律,分析了各自的屈曲失稳模式.研究结果表明,栅线投影测量方法在大尺度复合材料结构失稳变形测试中具有可行性;在相同面板尺寸条件下,工字型加筋复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲临界载荷最大,承载能力最强.本文结果可为飞机复合材料结构设计提供实验依据.     

Stability of a Strip Made of a Multilayer Composite with a Curved Structure

The stability of a long plate (strip) made of a layered composite with a curved structure is studied within the framework of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability. The cases of simply supported and rigidly fixed plates compressed along the layers are considered. The curvature of the layers is allowed for within the framework of the continuum approach. Numerical results are obtained by the finite-element method for a strip consisting of alternating layers of two homogeneous isotropic materials     

波数-频率域内地基土表面位移Green函数的理论分析

建立了柱面坐标系下分层弹性半空间地基土模型。利用钟阳刚度矩阵法和Haskell-Thomson传递矩阵法推导出所有分层土体之间的振动传递关系;根据Helmholtz定理将土体的位移向量分解成势函数的形式,推导出弹性半空间表面应力与位移之间的关系;再将分层土体和半空间地基土通过位移与应力之间的关系进行耦合,得到分层弹性半空间地基土模型表面位移与应力之间的关系。结合单位脉冲荷载作用下地基土表面的边界条件,推导出波数-频率域内地基土表面位移Green函数的解析解,用Matlab程序语言对理论进行实现并通过算例对地基土表面位移Green函数的特征进行了分析和总结。     

金属结构航天器陨落过程三维瞬态传热有限元算法研究

构建金属桁架结构航天器陨落再入气动热环境有限元传热模型,是准确预测在轨服役期满大型航天器陨落再入解体过程温度分布的关键。本文采用四节点四面体单元对空间进行离散,依据泛函理论,将传热控制方程离散为代数方程组;利用有限单元法总体合成得到具有对称正定、高度稀疏和非0元素分布的规则性刚度矩阵,发展一维变带宽压缩存贮技术,有效解决大型稀疏矩阵的数据存贮问题;为有效抑制求解过程出现的温度在时间和空间上的振荡问题,发展集中热容矩阵系数处理方法,将热容矩阵的同行或同列元素相加代替对角线元素,使非对角线元素化为0,构造求解三维瞬态温度场的两点向后差分格式、Crank-Nicolson格式和Galerkin格式。通过对正方体瞬态传热计算验证分析,在相同条件下,采用以上三种格式均可获得一致稳定的温度解,并得到与现有ANSYS有限元软件较为吻合的计算结果,验证了所建立三维瞬态传热有限元计算模型的准确可靠性。在此基础上,对铝合金低轨航天器薄壳结构进行了传热计算,给出了类天宫飞行器两舱体陨落飞行107.5 km~90 km不同高度的瞬态温度分布,为这类寿命末期航天器陨落再入解体预报提供理论支撑与可计算模型。     

竹材层合板弯曲破坏机理的实验研究

竹材层合板是为了满足一定的使用要求，由多层单向板按同一方向整齐排列、胶合、加热固化处理而成的复合结构体。由于竹材层合板的各向异性和非均匀性，它的力学行为十分复杂，特别是弯曲时不仅各个单层产生损伤破坏，而且伴随着层间胶接层的开裂。本文对竹材层合板的弯曲破坏特征进行实验研究；一系列包含变形信息的数字散斑图像被记录；采用数字散斑相关技术(DSCM)提取了三点弯曲变形过程中的面内位移场信息，分析了不同变形阶段的位移场；给出了不同弯曲变形阶段试件的应变场分布和应变集中现象；分析了中性轴在胶层开裂、层内纤维撕裂等复杂应力情况下的演化过程及规律。最终一些宏微观破坏机制被分析，例如基体开裂，界面损伤与撕裂，界面与裂纹作用等。这些研究结果将为竹材层合板的破坏机理等力学行为的研究和工程应用开发提供实验依据。     

Generalized Bleustein-Gulyaev type waves in layered porous piezoceramic structure

The propagation of a Bleustein-Gulyaev (B-G) type wave in a structure consisting of multiple layers and a half-space of porous piezoelectric materials is theoretically studied. The solutions of the problem in terms of the mechanical displacements and electric potential functions are obtained for each layer and the half-space. The dispersion equation is obtained for electrically open and shorted boundary conditions by use of the transfer matrix method. A peculiar kind of B-G waves is investigated, which can propagate only in the layer over the half-space. The relationship between the piezoelectric constants and the dielectric constants is found for the existence of a peculiar kind of propagation modes. The numerical results in terms of the phase velocity and the electromechanical coupling factor with different thicknesses of the layer stack are presented.     

混凝土复合靶结构参数对侵彻过载的影响

混凝土复合靶基体靶板的层数和中间粘结层厚度是复合靶能否模拟单一靶的两个重要影响因 素, 利用AUTODYN2D仿真软件, 重点研究了这两个因素对弹体侵彻过载的影响. 首先通 过已有的实验和理论公式验证了初始仿真模型和材料参数的合理性. 在此基础上, 通过改变 基体靶板的层数和中间粘结层厚度建立了多组侵彻复合靶的仿真算例. 通过弹体侵彻速度、 过载曲线的对比, 结果表明: 全尺寸深侵彻过载实验中复合靶能够代替单一靶, 但复合靶中 间粘结层的厚度不要大于1/2弹头部长度; 当中间粘结层厚度超过弹头部长度1/2时, 弹体 侵彻复合靶过载与侵彻单一靶的偏离程度随基体靶板层数的增加而增大, 上述结论可为实验 中构建混凝土复合靶提供参考.