Kinetic laws for dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over Pd/C catalysts

A kinetic equation for cyclohexane dehydrogenation at P_O=1.0 MPa has been obtained.

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1,0 .

     

Decomposition of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of Al2O3, and catalyst deactivation

The catalytic decomposition of dimethyl sulfide has been studied over the temperature range of 400–500 °C. The main reaction products are methylmercaptane, H₂S and methane. Catalyst deactivation is due to its coking during the reaction. The possibility of oxidative catalyst regeneration at 550 °C has been shown.

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400–500°C. , . , . 550°C.

     

A device for pulse investigation of heterogeneous catalytic reactions

In the present work a simple device is described for the pulse investigation of heterogeneous catalytic reactions and catalysts. Owing to the possibility for separate adjustment of the gas flow rate in the catalytic reactor and in the chromatographic column, it can be used for kinetic measurements too.

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- . , .

     

Effect of traces of water vapor on the rate of ammonia decomposition on polycrystalline platinum

The influence of small (lower than 0.02) molar fractions of water on the rate of ammonia decomposition on platinum wires was studied for ammonia pressures varying between 6.7 and 93.3 kPa and temperatures between 800 and 1700 K. The presence of water strongly inhibited the rate of reaction in all experiments.

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( 0,02) , 6,7 93,3 , 800 1700 K. .

     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene over a charcoal catalyst

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene over a charcoal catalyst has been studied by the pulse technique. The styrene yields for the oxidation of ethylbenzene by gaseous oxygen and upon the interaction of ethylbenzene with oxygen adsorbed on charcoal are shown to be the same.

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. , , , .

     

MINDO/3 studies of surface OH groups of alumina

Cluster models for various types of OH groups of alumina have been calculated in terms of the MINDO/3 method. Dependence of the acidity and stretching vibration frequencies of OH groups on the number and coordination of neighboring aluminium atoms has been analyzed.

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MINDO/3 OH- . OH- .

     

Hydrocarbon conversion over Pt?Re/Al2O3-ZSM-5 bifunctional catalysts. I. Influence of the addition of ZSM-5

The influence of ZSM-5 on the behavior of a Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied in normal heptane reforming in order to compare activity, selectivity and life of Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ and a mixture of Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ and ZSM-5 catalysts. It is suggested that the presence of ZSM-5 results in less pronounced catalyst deactivation but not in a sufficient increase in aromatic selectivity.

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ZSM-5 Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ - , Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ ZSM-5. , ZSM-5 , , .

     

Silylation of porous glass supported platinum catalysts

Effect of silylation with hexamethyldisilazane on adsorption and catalytic properties of porous glass-supported platinum catalysts has been studied. Catalytic activity decreases markedly with an increase in surface coverage by trimethylsilyl groups for all the following reactions examined: hydrogenation of benzene, dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and dehydrocyclization of n-hexane.

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, . , : , -.

     

V2O5/TiO2 oxidation catalysts, III. Oxidation of CO on pure and sodium-doped systems

The activity of vanadia/titania catalysts in CO oxidation has been tested and found to be of the same order as that observed for unsupported vanadia; the simultaneous presence of vanadium-sodium compounds cancels the activity, probably because of the elimination of labile V=0 species at surface defects.

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V₂O₅/TiO₂ CO, V₂O₅; - , , V=0 .

     

Kinetics of Ag(I) catalyzed oxidation of dioxane by peroxydisulfate

Kinetic results of Ag(I) catalyzed oxidation of dioxane by peroxydisulfate ion, followed iodometrically, are discussed. Glyoxal has been indentified as the major oxidation product. On the basis of kinetic studies and product formed a radical mechanism is proposed.

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, Ag(I), . . .

     

Thermal and photochemical stability of polystyrene and its blends with polyvinyl chloride

The influence of some irregularities in polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chains on their thermal stability was investigated. UV irradiation caused an increase in the content of these irregularities in the polymers. It was found that the presence of carbonyl groups and crosslinking of the polymer chains hamper the thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC and the total decomposition of both polymers. On the other hand, weak peroxy linkages (which facilitate degradation processes) and conjugated double bonds decrease the temperature of total decomposition of PS and PVC blends.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß von Unregmlmäßigkeiten in Polystyrol (PS)- und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Ketten auf deren thermische Stabilität untersucht. UV-Bestrahlung verursacht ein Ansteigen des Gehaltes an Unregelmäßigkeiten in den Polymeren. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Gegenwart von Carbonylgruppen und Querverbindungen der Polymerketten die thermische Dehydrochlorierung von PVC und eine vollständige Zersetzung beider Polymere verhindern. Andererseits senken Peroxidverknüpfungen (die die Degradierungsvorgänge erleichtern) und konjugierte Doppelbindungen die Temperatur für eine vollständige Zersetzung von PS und PVC Gemischen.

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. - . , . , , , .

     

Influence of sulfur compounds on the activity and selectivity of paraffin hydrocracking on nickel-zeolite catalysts

The influence of sulfur compounds on the rate of hydrocarbon conversion on acidic and hydrogenating components of nickel-zoelite catalysts as well as on the activity and selectivity of n-octane hydrocracking has been studied.

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, -.

     

Adaption of thermal analysis for the study of water vapour adsorption isotherms

Water vapour adsorption processes and equilibria on adsorbents with polar surfaces can be well tested with an adsorption method combined with thermal analysis. The first step involves the comparison of isothermal desorption-adsorption curves and thermal curves; in the second step different equilibrium points of the adsorption isotherms are tested by means of thermal analysis.Some examples of building materials are presented to demonstrate the possibilities of the method. The types of adsorption isotherms for the samples were formally equal in all examples; only the complex method presented was able to reveal that formation of the equilibiria was induced by essentially different processes. Such processes are: physical adsorption depending on the structure of the adsorbent and the activity of the external active centres, chemisorption, chemical reaction in the solid/vapour system and chemical reaction in the water phase condensed in the capillaries.

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Zusammenfassung Prozesse und Gleichgewichte der Wasserdampfadsorption an Adsorbenten mit polarer Oberfläche können gut mit einer mit thermischer Analyse kombinierten Adsorptionsmethode getestet werden. Der erste Schritt der Methode schließt den Vergleich der Desorptions-Adsorptionsisothermen und der thermischen Kurven in sich ein, im zweiten werden Gleichgewichtspunkte der Adsorptionsisothermen durch thermische Analyse getestet.Am Beispiel von einigen Baumaterialien werden die Möglichkeiten dieser Methode demonstriert. Die Adsorptionsisothermen waren formell in allen Fällen vom gleichen Typ und nur die vorgestellte komplexe Methode ergab, daß die Ausbildung des Gleichgewichtes durch grundsätzlich verschiedene Prozesse erfolgt. Solche Prozesse sind: von der Struktur des Adsorbenten und der Aktivität der aktiven Oberflächenzentren abhängige physikalische Adsorption Chemisorption, chemische Reaktion im Festkörper/Dampf-System und in der in Kapillaren kondensierten wässrigen Phase.

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- , . — . — . . , . : , , , — , .

     

Kinetic consequences of displacement adsorption in heterogeneous catalysis

Kinetic analysis of the simple reaction scheme of the heterogeneously catalyzed reaction AB has been made for the classical Langmuir adsorption and the Ipateev displacement adsorption. It has been shown that the only kinetic consequence of displacement adsorption is the different physical meaning of the parameters of the rate equation. Its form remains the same for both adsorption modes. This conclusion seems to be general also for other reaction schemes.

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AB . , . . .

     

Ba(OH)2 as catalyst in organic reactions. VIII. Nature of the adsorbed species in Claisen-Schmidt reaction

The nature of the adsorbed species in the synthesis ofo-hydroxychalcones by Claisen-Schmidt reaction catalyzed by C-200 is analyzed by IR. The presence of the adsorbed carbanion fromo-hydroxyacetophenone in the surface of the catalyst is proved. The aldehyde molecule is adsorbed too. The mechanism of the surface reaction is discussed.

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- -, C-200, -. - . . .

     

Parent and mixed ligand complexes in the copper(II)-ethylene glycol-sulphate system

Eleven copper(II)-ethylene glycol-sulphate complexes of different compositions were prepared, one of them-CuGl₂(H₂O)₂SO₄-in single-crystal form. A thermoanalytical study of these complexes revealed three types of thermal decomposition pattern. The X-ray structure of the single-crystal demonstrated the presence of ethylene glycol bridges resulting in endless chains in the crystal.

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Zusammenfassung Elf Kupfer(II)-äthylenglykol-sulfat-Komplexe unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wurden dargestellt, einer davon — CuGl₂(H₂O)₂SO₄ — in Form von Einkristallen. Die thermoanalytische Untersuchung dieser Komplexe ergab drei Typen der thermischen Zersetzung. Die röntgendiffraktometrische Bestimmung der Struktur des in Form von Einkristallen erhaltenen Komplexes zeigte, daß den Kristall endlose Ketten von Äthylenglykolbrücken durchziehen.

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() — , — CuGl₂(H₂O)₂SO₄ — . . , , .

     

Electrochemical model of monooxygenase

The monooxygenation of aniline by hemin, with oxygen activation by direct electron transfer from a cathode to the catalytically active center and direct participation of the reduced oxygen species in the reaction has been carried out.

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.

     

Behavior of CSTR upon fast external effects: Possibility of increasing average conversion

The objective of the work was to study the influence of external factors (changes in composition, load and temperature) on the regimes of heterogeneous catalytic reactors. As shown, a rather fast change in external parameters causes an internal reorganization of the CSTR thus leading to an increase in average conversion.

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( , , ). , , , .

     

On the catalytic system MgO?Na

Acid-base and radical properties of two sets of MgO–Na catalysts have been studied. The catalysts were prepared (I) by impregnation of MgO with NaOH in aqueous solution, and (II) by evaporation of metallic sodium onto a MgO surface. The catalyst prepared by the second method was much more basic than pure MgO (H_o=35) and showed a high activity in olefin isomerization.

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- MgO–Na. 1) MgO (NaOH) 2) MgO. , , , MgO(H₀=35), .