探测氢气泄漏的布拉格光栅型传感器

介绍了布拉格光栅型氢传感器的工作原理,开发出一种新型的由布拉格光栅和溅射钯膜组成的氢气敏光纤传感器。分析了此传感器的应力传递过程,建立了最大波长漂移量与氢浓度关系的数学模型。通过试验研究了光栅的氢响应特性,理论模型预测的最大波长漂移量与试验结果十分吻合。     

A simple temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor

The study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensor based on monitoring the back-reflected power from an array of novelly embedded FBG sensors is presented. The sensor is a uniform FBG with three sections that are embedded in different layer in a composite lamina. Its bandwidth is displacement dependent and hence its reflected power varies almost linearly with displacement and it is insensitive to temperature variation. Thus, only low-cost photodetector (PD) is required to monitor displacement. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor, a method of fabricated the same, and a method to achieve simultaneous multi-sensor measurement.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

Hetero-core fiber Bragg grating for simultaneous measurement of strain and bending based on cladding mode ratiometric detection

A simple but practical method using multimode-single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for cladding mode based simultaneous measurement of strain and bending is proposed and investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that the intensity ratio between cladding mode and FBG resonance of hetero-core FBG show monotonous changes following with the increase of deflection, by which strain and bending discrimination can be achieved by measuring the wavelength shift of FBG resonance and ratiometrically detecting the intensity changes between cladding modes and FBG resonance.     

温度不敏感光纤光栅压强传感器

提出了一种新颖的高灵敏度温度不敏感光纤光栅压强传感器。该传感器主要由开口环传感机构和铝箔管组成，根据光纤布拉格光栅带宽调谐原理，首次采用开口环机构和利用带宽编码技术，实现了温度不敏感压强感测。实验结果表明：该传感器在低压范围内具有很高的压强传感灵敏度系数，可达2.50×103nm/MPa，实验结果与理论分析基本相符。通过选择不同材料的开口环和铝箔管的材料以及改变其结构参数，可灵活设计并调节压强传感灵敏度系数及压强感测范围。     

Fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a high-birefringence fiber Bragg grating

A new high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a Hi-Bi fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed in this study. The twisted Hi-Bi fiber sensor characteristics are analyzed using the Jones matrix. The intensity ratio from two reflected Bragg wavelengths is associated with the twist angle of the measured Hi-Bi fiber. It is found that the twist angle resolution is estimated at around 0.3° under ±0.1 dB readout from an optical spectrum analyzer if the polarization state of the light source is stable. The advantages of this new torsion sensor are: (1) insensitivity to intensity variations from the light source, (2) insensitivity to the torsion gauge length, and (3) absolute measurement in the twist angle. However, the polarization state of light in the proposed method needs to be controlled, and any birefringence change in the twisted Hi-Bi fiber needs to be prevented.     

A novel fiber Bragg grating interrogating sensor system based on AWG demultiplexing

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogating technique based on the relative intensity-demodulating and the demultiplexing of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is presented in this paper. The analytical simulation and the experiment validate the feasibility of this setup. Both theoretical and experiment results show that the shift of the Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensors can be precisely interrogated by the relative intensity reading of two-adjacent-channels of the AWG-based demultiplexer. Errors caused by the light source fluctuation and micro-band losses can be reduced with the relative technique. This technique potentially offers a low-cost, compact, and high-performance solution for the interrogation of FBG distributed sensors.     

一种测量温度和流速的光纤光栅传感器

提出一种基于铝片的测量温度和流速的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)传感器。采用一种耐高温胶将光纤布喇格光栅封装在一小铝片上，经过高温固化处理，可保持光纤光栅传感器的稳定性。通过-20℃～100℃温度实验，得到该传感器的温度灵敏度系数为0.0392nm/℃,是封装前的3.5倍，且传感器温度响应保持了很好的线性和重复性。从水温14.5℃时的流速实验中得到水流速在0～20m/s范围变化时，FBG峰值波长漂移了0.13nm,验证了此光纤光栅传感器测量流速的可行性。试验结果表明，该传感器既可以作为温度传感器，又可以作为流量传感器，并且制作简单，成本较低。     

A novel fiber Bragg grating high-temperature sensor

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for the measurement of high temperature is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interrogation system of the sensor system is simple, low cost but effective. The sensor head is comprised of one FBG and two metal rods. The lengths of the rods are different from each other. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the rods are also different from each other. The FBG will be strained by the sensor head when the temperature to be measured changes. The temperature is measured basis of the wavelength shifts of the FBG induced by strain. A dynamic range of 0–800 °C and a resolution of 1 °C have been obtained by the sensor system. The experiment results agree with theoretical analyses.     

双孔平行梁光纤Bragg光栅称重传感器

采用双孔平行梁型弹性元件作为光纤Bragg光栅称重传感器的换能结构,其中,四片光栅对称地贴粘在梁的灵敏区域。值得注意的是利用弹性元件自身结构特点对称重传感器进行了温度和偏载补偿,从而得到了FBG中心波长移位与载荷的关系。加载卸载实验表明,该双孔平行梁FBG称重传感器的载荷响应灵敏度为16 pm/kg,测量精度为0.7%。     

Temperature-insensitive strain measurement using differential double Bragg grating technique

A novel differential double Bragg grating sensor for temperature-insensitive strain measurement is presented. The sensor consists of two identical weak measuring and reference gratings separated by some distance. The reference grating is placed inside the silica capillary that made it almost strain insensitive. The basic idea in differential double Bragg grating sensor is to measure the energy of the oscillating term in the reflection spectrum of double Bragg grating structure. The normalized energy of the interference term depends on the pitch difference of the two gratings and does not change when pitch variations of both gratings are equal with temperature variation. Therefore, the normalized energy of the interference term can be used for the temperature-insensitive strain measurement.     

Radio-frequency interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating sensor in the configuration of a fiber laser with external cavities

A fiber laser sensor, which consists of two coupled cavities based on three fiber Bragg gratings (two of them acting as sensing elements) and is interrogated via the longitudinal mode beating frequency, is presented. The two resonant cavities have lengths of 4250 m and 4297 m, respectively. Their beating frequency is of the order of 24 kHz, and its shift as a function of the variation of the period of one (or both) of the sensing gratings, induced by strain or temperature changes, can be measured by a radio-frequency analyzer. The system is suitable for long-distance sensing with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.     

Four-element fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor array

A four-element fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor array is presented in this paper. The system combines an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer and three coarse wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs). The totally passive scheme has the advantages of high operation frequency and loose requirements for the working environment. An acceleration resolution of better than for the four channels is achieved.     

Temperature-independent bending sensor with tilted fiber Bragg grating interacting with multimode fiber

A new type fiber bending sensor based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) interacting with a multimode fiber (MMF) is presented. The sensing head is formed by insertion of a small section of MMF between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and the TFBG. The average reflective power in the cladding modes decreases with the increase of curvature. The measurement range of the curvature from 0 to 2.5 m⁻¹ with a measurement sensitivity of −802.4 nW/m⁻¹ is achieved. The proposed sensor is also proved as temperature-independent from the experimental investigation.     

Elimination of environmental noise in interferometric wavelength shift demodulation for dynamic fiber Bragg grating sensor array

We present a novel reference compensation method for eliminating environmental noise in interferometric wavelength shift demodulation for dynamic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. By employing a shielded wavelength-division-multiplexed reference FBG in the system, the environmental noise is measured from the reference channel, and then subtracted from the demodulation result of each sensor channel. An approximate 40 dB reduction of the environmental noise has been experimentally achieved over a frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 kHz. This method is also suitable for the elimination of broadband environmental noise. The corresponding FBG sensor array system proposed in this paper has shown a wavelength resolution of .     

钢管套装光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

为避免外加应力应变对温度传感器光栅的影响,提出了一种利用双钢管套装来隔离外加应力应变的方法。传感器两端留有尾纤,可实现多个传感器波分复用。为了防止因温度和外加应力应变所导致的套管形变而产生光纤拉伸,封装在两个钢管中的预留光纤长度应大于0.69mm。实验结果表明,温度在0℃~80℃之间变化时,灵敏度达到10pm/℃,线性度较好,可实现对环境温度的高精度连续监测。     

一种基于外差探测的光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

提出了一种基于光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感器，阐述了光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感机理，用2个相同的光纤Bragg光栅构成折叠式Mach Zehnder(M Z)干涉仪，其中一个光栅作为参考臂，另一个作为传感臂：采用外差探测技术来测量外界的温度物理量。当温度发生变化，Bragg光栅的波长也随之改变。外差探测用来探测传感臂和参考臂由于温度变化引起的输出信号的频率差异。对其动态测量范围和灵敏度也进行了分析。     

光纤光栅漏油传感器在石油工业健康监测中的应用

光纤光栅漏油传感器作为石油工业健康监测的智能器件具有很好的发展前景。设计了一种应用于石油工业健康监测的光纤光栅漏油传感器。通过实验得出：该光纤光栅传感器漏油报警线为1.0nm,响应时间小于3min,且该传感器具有良好的综合性能和安全使用性,能够在石油工业健康监测中起到积极的作用。     

Detection of liquid-level variation using a side-polished fiber Bragg grating

A liquid-level sensor based on a side-polished fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor can detect height variation of liquids of arbitrary refractive index (RI). For liquids with RI lower than that of fiber core, liquid-level variation can be monitored by the peak power difference of the grating segments surrounded by the liquid and air. For liquids with RI higher than that of fiber core, liquid-level information can be obtained from the influence of the shortening of the effective length of the immersed grating segment upon the reflection spectrum.     

Fiber grating sensors for high-temperature measurement

Two fiber grating sensors for high-temperature measurements are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interrogation technologies of the sensor systems are all simple, low cost but effective. In the first sensor system, the sensor head is comprised of one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and two metal rods. The lengths of the rods are different from each other. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the rods are also different from each other. The FBG will be strained by the sensor head when the temperature to be measured changes. The temperature is measured based on the wavelength-shifts of the FBG induced by the strain. In the second sensor system, a long-period fiber grating (LPG) is used as the high-temperature sensor head. The LPG is very-high-temperature stable CO₂-laser-induced grating and has a linear function of wavelength–temperature in the range of 0–800 °C. A dynamic range of 0–800 °C and a resolution of 1 °C have been obtained by either the first or the second sensor system. The experimental results agree with theoretical analyses.