压电质量传感及其应用

本文介绍了压电质量传感即石英晶体微天平（ＱＣＭ）方法的原理及应用。深入探讨了非质量因素对晶振频率的影响、传感器响应讯号的测定方法。综述了压电免疫传感器的研制概况。提出了今后研究工作的方向。     

从压电传感的发展看学科交叉创新

压电学原先是物理学的一个分支学科 ,主要在气相或真空中应用。它和化学、生物学、医学相互交叉 ,在理论、方法和应用上获得发展 ,形成压电化学与生物传感新领域。这从一个侧面表明 :多学科交叉渗透是实现创新发展的一个有效途径。     

可穿戴电化学传感器件的研制及其应用

可穿戴电化学传感器件是一种可直接穿戴在身体特定部位、甚至植入用户体内的柔性电化学传感器。其具有简易性、便携性、灵活性等特点,可实时电化学监测与跟踪分析待测物,被广泛用于医疗保健、人体健康和环境监测等领域。该综述概括了可穿戴电化学传感器件的硬件设计与研制,及其在汗液检测、神经化学监测、现场分析检测（POCT）中的应用,总结和展望了可穿戴电化学传感器件的未来发展趋势,以期为可穿戴电化学传感领域的进一步发展提供参考。     

基于石墨烯修饰电极的电化学生物传感

石墨烯是一种具有单原子厚度的二维碳纳米材料,具有大的比表面积、高的导电性和室温电子迁移率,以及优异的机械力学性能.石墨烯还具有电化学窗口宽,电化学稳定性好,电荷传递电阻小,电催化活性高和电子转移速率快等电化学特性.化学修饰石墨烯,特别是氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),可以被宏量、廉价地制备出来.它们具有可加工性能,可以被组装、加工或复合成具有可控组成和微结构的宏观电极材料.因此,石墨烯及其化学修饰衍生物是用于电化学生物传感的独特而诱人的电极材料.例如,GO是一种化学修饰石墨烯,也是石墨烯的重要前驱体;其边缘具有大量的羧基可用于共价固定酶,从而能实现酶电极的生物检测.在GO上的不可逆蛋白吸附也可以促进蛋白质的直接电子转移以提高其电化学检测性能.但是,GO大量的含氧官能团破坏了石墨烯本征的共轭结构,降低了其电学性能并限制了其实际应用.GO可以通过化学、电化学、热还原等技术转化成rGO,从而能部分修复其共轭结构,提高其导电性与传感性能.另一方面,石墨烯是一种零带隙材料;原子掺杂可以调控其能带结构,提高其电催化性能.石墨烯材料也常常需要通过与其它功能材料的复合进一步改善其可分散与可加工性能,提高其电催化活性和电化学选择性.本文综述了本征石墨烯(包括GO,rGO和掺杂石墨烯)以及石墨烯与生物分子、高分子、离子液体、金属或金属氧化物纳米粒子等复合材料修饰电极在检测各种生物分子方面的研究进展,并对该研究领域进行了展望.     

液相剥离石墨烯的电化学传感应用

石墨烯是一种新型二维碳材料,其比表面积大、导电性好、催化活性高、吸附能力强,是构筑高性能电化学传感器的理想材料.相对于石墨烯常用的氧化还原制备方法而言,液相剥离法具有过程简单、可控性强、高效环保以及对石墨烯结构破坏小等特点,在电化学传感领域备受关注.基于本课题组及国内外学者近年来的相关工作,本文重点综述了三种液相剥离石...     

超分子在质量敏感压电化学传感器中的应用

以质量敏感为分析基础的压电化学传感器,其表面涂层往往决定其对分析物的选择性。超分子作为压电石英晶体涂层,应用主－客体分子识别的原理,显著提高压电化学传感器的选择性。该文详细论述了近十年有关超分子主体化合物在体波和表面波化学传感器的应用,并了涂膜技术及主－客体识别机理。     

基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感技术

多肽具有分子量小、易于合成、生物兼容性好、稳定性高及序列灵活多样等优点.因此,多肽作为新型生物识别元件,已被广泛应用于生物传感器的构建.电化学分析灵敏度高、准确度好、设备简单、检测范围广且易于操作.本文介绍了基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感器技术,包括多肽的修饰与固定化、多肽与待测物的识别及检测原理;综述了近五年多肽电化学...     

抗污界面构建及其电化学生物传感应用进展

电化学生物传感器具有灵敏度高、便携性好、响应快速和易于集成等优点,在临床检测方面有很大应用潜力,并在可穿戴健康监测领域得到了快速发展。但在实际临床生物样本检测中,非靶标生物物质会在电极表面产生非特异性吸附（即生物污染）,影响了电化学生物传感器的性能。因此,构建具有防污染能力的传感界面（抗污界面）,防止非靶标物质吸附到电极表面,对于扩大电化学生物传感器的实际应用范围,实现在复杂生物样本中的检测至关重要。本文概述了物理、化学和生物抗污电极界面的构建及其在临床相关生物标志物检测中的应用,为电化学生物传感器实际应用性能的提升提供技术参考,并通过对界面抗污原理和存在问题的探讨,对抗污界面发展前景和未来趋势予以展望。     

有机场效应晶体管应用于化学及生物传感的研究进展

有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)是以有机半导体材料作为有源层的晶体管器件。和传统的无机半导体器件相比,由于其具有成本低、易加工、柔性好和生物相容性而被人们广泛研究,在多种化学和生物传感器领域具有潜在而广泛的应用前景。本文简单介绍了OFETs的结构和工作原理,总结了近几年来OFETs在化学及生物传感方面的研究进展,最后对OFETs的发展方向做了归纳和展望。     

Piezoelectric Crystal Membrane Chemical Sensors Based on Fullerene and Macrocyclic Polyethers

Various reusable and sensitive piezoelectric (PZ) quartz crystal membrane sensors with home‐made computer interfaces for signal acquisition and data processing were developed to detect organic/inorganic vapors and organic/inorganic/biologic species in solutions, respectively. Fullerene(C60), fullerene derivatives and artificial macrocyclic polyethers, e.g., crown ethers and cryptands, were synthesized and applied as coating materials on quartz crystals of the PZ crystal sensors. The oscillating frequency of the quartz crystal decreased due to the adsorption of organic or inorganic species onto coating material molecules on the crystal surface. The crown ether‐coated PZ crystal gas detector exhibited high sensitivity with a frequency shift range of 10–340 Hz/(mg/L) for polar organic gases, a short response time (< 2.0 min.), good selectivity, and good reproducibility. The Ag(I)/crptand22 and Ru(III) / crptand22 coated PZ gas detectors were also prepared for nonpolar organic vapors, e.g., alkynes and alkenes. The frequency shifts of the nonpolar PZ sensors were in the order: alkynes > alkenes > alkanes. A Ti(IV)/Cryptand22‐coated PZ crystal sensor was also developed to detect the inorganic air pollutants, e.g., CO and NO₂. A piezoelectric gas sensor for both polar/nonpolar organic vapors based on C60‐cryptand22 was also prepared. The cryptand22‐coated PZ gas sensor was also employed as a GC detector for organic molecules. The cryptand22‐coated piezoelectric GC detectors compared well with the commercial thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The interaction between fullerene C60 and organic molecules was studied with a fullerene coated PZ gas detector. A multi‐channel PZ organic gas detector with PCA(Principal Component Analysis) and BPN (Back Propagation Neural) analysis methods was developed. Various liquid piezoelectric crystal sensors based on long‐chain macrocyclic polyethers, e.g., C₁₀H₂₁‐dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5, C₁₈H₃₇‐benzo‐15‐crown‐5, (C₁₇CO)₂‐cyptand22 and fullerene derivatives, e.g., C60‐NH‐cryptand22 and dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5‐C60, were also developed as HPLC detectors for metal ions, anions, and various organic compounds in solutions. The sensitive and highly selective PZ bio‐sensors based on enzymes, polyvinylaldehyde, polycinnaldehyde‐C60 and C60‐cryptand22 were developed to detect various biologic species, e.g., proteins, glucose, and urea. A quite sensitive EQCM (Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Micro‐balance) detection system was also developed for detection of trace heavy metal ions.     

微悬臂梁生化传感器在液体环境中的应用

微悬臂梁由于其体积小、响应速度快、灵敏度高和易于集成等特点,已迅速发展成为一门新兴的传感器技术.本文简要介绍了微悬臂梁传感器的工作原理和信号读出方法,概括了近年来它在液体环境中的研究现状,并对其性能特点和局限性进行了讨论,展望了该类型传感器今后的研究趋势.     

点击化学及其在化学传感器中的应用进展

本文对点击化学的概念、点击反应分类、化学及生物传感器中点击化学的作用类型及近几年来点击化学在化学传感器中的应用进展作了较为详细的介绍,并展望了点击化学在传感器领域应用的发展趋势.     

增塑的PVC涂膜压电晶体传感器阵列用作香味传感系统

增塑的ＰＶＣ涂膜压电晶体传感器阵列用作香味传感系统曹忠，林辉概，王彬锋，王柯敏，陈泽忠，俞汝勤（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙，４１００８２）关键词阵列，压电晶体传感器，增塑的ＰＶＣ涂膜，香味传感系统吸附活性物质如类脂化合物等涂膜的压电晶体传感器（ＰＣＳ）...     

压电免疫质量传感器中生物大分子的固定化方法

评述了近十几年来压电免疫质量传感器研究中的关键技术－生物分子固定化方法的研究应用,并对固定化方法的发展予以展望。     

压电晶体传感器阵列判别分析小分子脂肪醇蒸气

选用８个不同材料涂层压电石英晶体组成传感器阵列，所获频移数据用逐步判别（ＳＤＡ）法解析，对小分子脂肪醇类与非醇类溶剂蒸气用二类判别法分析，找到由少于８个传感器组成阵列可达最佳判别能力，训练集回测正确率平均为８４．８％，预测集识别正确率平均为８７．３％。此外，该阵列用于识别酒、饮料，结果较佳。     

基于电化学聚合技术的分子印迹化学传感器研究进展

作为传感器中最重要的研究方向之一,分子印迹传感器在近十年的发展中取得了巨大进展。分子印迹聚合物膜在转换器表面的固定化方法有涂膜法、原位引发聚合法和电化学聚合法等,其中电聚合法因具有制备简单快速、膜厚可控、膜与电极附着紧密、重现性好等优点而成为极具潜力的制备方法。该文评述了基于电化学聚合技术的分子印迹传感器的主要研究进展,对聚合膜制备过程中单体的选择和模板的去除进行了讨论,对电聚合制备的印迹传感器在传感领域的分析应用进行了总结,并在此基础上对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Optical Chemical Sensors Based on Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Advances and Critical Issues

The use of the sol-gel process to produce materials for optical chemical sensors and biosensors is attracting considerable interest. This interest derives mainly from the design flexibility of the sol-gel process and the ease of fabrication. In most applications the sol-gel material is used to provide a microporous support matrix in which analyte-sensitive species are entrapped and into which smaller analyte molecules may diffuse. Sensors based on entrapped organic and inorganic dyes, enzymes and other biomolecules have been reported. A range of sensor configurations has been employed, including monoliths, thin films, as well as more elaborate structures. In this paper a selection is presented of recent significant developments in optical chemical sensors which employ solgel-derived materials. These developments include the tailoring of sol-gel materials to optimise sensor response, advanced waveguide structures and novel probe-tip sensors. Those issues which remain critical to the eventual deployment of sol-gel sensors are examined. In particular, the problems of leaching, microstructural stability, diffusion-limited response time, and susceptibility to interferents are discussed and some solutions proposed.     

An Unexpected Frequency Response of A Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Sensor to the Density and Viscosity of the Liquid

An unexpected frequency response for a piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) sensor to liquid density and viscosity was reported. For a PQC oscillating in a liquid phase, the frequency shifts (△f) show a wave-shape response to liquid density (p) and viscosity 03) in fine structure, ifthe longitudinal wave effect was not eliminated. This result is different from the well-knownlinear relationship between of Af and (ρη)1/2. An oscillating frequency-temperature curve of thesensor was observed and explained.