山药多糖的研究进展

山药多糖具有促进肠胃功能、保护肝脏、降血糖、抗衰老、抗突变、抗肿瘤、体外抗氧化和提高免疫力等一系列保健作用和药理活性.山药多糖的结构和组成较为复杂,由于提取方法的差别,多糖的单糖组成、糖醛酸含量及相对分子量也会有所差异,这些都会对其功能活性、作用机制和临床上的应用产生极大的影响.作者对近年来山药多糖的提取分离方法和生物活性研究进展进行归纳总结,以期为山药多糖的功能性开发提供依据.     

佛手多糖的化学组成及体外抗氧化活性研究

佛手经热水提取和乙醇沉淀,得佛手多糖粗品(BP).BP经Servag法除蛋白,用DEAE离子交换柱梯度洗脱分离得到BP1和BP2两个组分,经凝胶色谱和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检验为均一组分.用凝胶渗透色谱法测得BP1和BP2的重均分子量分别为17773和65589.薄层色谱和高效液相色谱分析表明,BP1和BP2均由鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖组成.采用化学发光法在多种化学模拟体系中研究了佛手多糖清除活性氧的作用,观察了佛手多糖对HO^.导致DNA链损伤的抑制作用.结果表明,佛手多糖能有效地清除O₂^-.和HO^.等活性氧,对DNA链具有良好的保护作用.     

肉苁蓉多糖锌的制备、表征及抗氧化活性

采用超声酶法辅助提取肉苁蓉粗多糖,并用季铵盐沉淀法对肉苁蓉粗多糖进行精制,获得肉苁蓉精制多糖(UCEP1);以UCEP1和硫酸锌为原料,制备了肉苁蓉多糖锌配合物(UCEP1-Zn),对其结构进行了表征,并研究其抗氧化活性.结果表明,肉苁蓉粗多糖收率及含量分别为22.31%和48.50%,UCEP1中多糖含量为70.13%;UCEP1-Zn中-OH和-COO~-和Zn~(2+)发生了配位,其中锌含量为7.57%,且多糖链构象及多糖分子表面形貌发生变化;UCEP1-Zn的抗氧化能力显著高于UCEP1,且对ABTS~+自由基清除活性最好.该研究可为肉苁蓉多糖、新型锌营养素补充剂以及锌功能配合物的研究和利用提供参考.     

梁王茶茎皮多糖提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

本文为优化梁王茶茎皮多糖(PND)的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面法对超声时间、超声温度和超声功率三个影响梁王茶多糖提取工艺的主要因素进行优化;再通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验和FRAP法评估其抗氧化能力.结果表明,超声提取梁王茶茎皮多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声时...     

蒙药漏芦花多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化抗菌活性研究

本文优化了蒙药漏芦花多糖的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化和抗菌活性。以超声功率、超声温度、超声时间和浸泡时间为影响因素,多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上利用正交试验优化提取工艺,测定漏芦花多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除效果,检测其抗氧化活性,涂布平板法测定多糖抗菌活性。超声波辅助法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声功率180W,超声温度70℃,超声时间30min,浸泡时间40min,在此条件下多糖得率为1.125%。抗氧化实验表明,漏芦花多糖浓度在0.5～2.5mg·mL~(-1)范围内,随着漏芦花多糖浓度增加,总还原能力不断增强;其体外清除DPPH自由基能力也随浓度增大而增强,清除率最高达72.98%;当多糖浓度为1.5mg·mL~(-1)时,漏芦花多糖体外清除羟基自由基能力最强,为7.24%。漏芦花多糖浓度为12.8mg·mL~(-1)时,对沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径为9.72mm。超声法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖操作简便、准确、灵敏、重现性好,漏芦花多糖抗氧化能力良好,且对沙门氏菌有一定的抑菌效果。     

硫酸酯化川芎粗多糖的半合成及其抗氧化活性

以水提醇沉法制备川芎粗多糖(1)。首次报道了1与氯磺酸-吡啶经亲核取代反应半合成硫酸酯化川芎粗多糖(2)的方法,其结构经UV和IR表征。用氯化钡-明胶比浊法测定2的取代度。考察了1和2对邻苯三酚自氧化反应产生的超氧阴离子(O2-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)体外清除自由基能力。结果表明:在测定浓度范围内,1和2对O2-·清除能力极弱,但对DPPH自由基有一定的清除作用。     

响应面法优化微波提取夏枯草多糖及其抗氧化活性

以夏枯草多糖为研究对象,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法对夏枯草多糖的微波提取工艺进行优化,测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明,夏枯草多糖的最佳提取条件为:液料比29∶1(mL·g^-1),乙醇体积分数68%,微波功率295W,微波时间8min,在该条件下夏枯草多糖得率为5.28%,与理论值(5.19%)的相对误差为1.73%。在此条件下得到的多糖提取物具有较好体外抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子具有不同的清除能力,半数抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为0.58、0.49和1.19mg·mL^-1 。     

绳江蓠多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

本文采用NaOH水溶液对海南绳江蓠进行超声浸提制备绳江蓠粗多糖(GCP),通过单因素实验和正交试验,考察得出GCP最佳提取工艺条件为NaOH溶液质量浓度1.5%,提取温度70℃,液料比1∶40,提取时间水浴4h,超声1h,提取率为20.01%,总糖含量为26.00%。对绳江蓠粗多糖进行乙醇沉降分级纯化,得到3种多糖组分GCP20、GCP40、GCP50,凝胶渗透色谱结果表明三种组分数均分子量分别为117kDa、116kDa和113kDa。电子自旋共振法测试GCP20、GCP40、GCP50对·OH的清除活性,三种组分均有很好的自由基清除能力,20mg·mL-1GCP20的羟基清除率达81.4%。紫外可见分光光度计在734nm波长下测试GCP20、GCP40、GCP50对ABTS+·的清除活性,浓度为20mg·mL-1时,三种组分对ABTS+·清除率均接近100%,表明这三种组分均有很好的抗氧化活性。     

北虫草多糖的理化特征及抗氧化和免疫活性研究

采取超高压提取,DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephadex G-100柱层析分离纯化得到虫草多糖(CMP),通过高效凝胶色谱(HPGPC)、气相色谱(GC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对其理化特征进行了表征,并对CMP抗氧化及免疫调节活性进行了测定.结果显示CMP是纯度较高杂多糖,由鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖4个单糖组成,结果表明超高压是一种高效的菌多糖提取技术,提取得到的CMP可以探索作为天然的抗氧化和免疫调节剂应用于功能食品和药品.     

化学发光法测定几种怀山药的抗自由基活性

用不同溶剂将三种怀山药分成极性不同的部位 ,并用鲁米诺—H2 O2 —CuSO4 化学发光体系测定天然产物抗自由基活性的方法检测了这些部位的抗自由基活性 ,比较了不同品种怀山药的质量差异 ,所得结果与传统经验相吻合。     

Cookies Fortified with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Extracts: Impact on Phenolic Acid Content,Antioxidant Activity and Physical Properties

Highlights

• Cookies with a 4% level of LJ extracts possessed the highest chlorogenic acid content.
• The addition of higher levels of LJ extracts significantly increased higher antioxidant activity of cookies.
• Cookies with a 1% level of LJ extracts had the highest sensory score.

AbstractsLonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ), as a Caprifoliaceae family plant, is enriched with polyphenols. Cookies supplemented with LJ extracts have the potential to exert antioxidant activity. However, studies on cookies fortified with LJ extracts are scarcely available. Therefore, the effect of LJ extract addition on cookie phenolic acid content, antioxidant activity, color, texture and the sensory score was firstly evaluated. Results suggest that different levels (1–4%) of LJ extracts significantly increased chlorogenic acid content, ranging from 21.96 to 202.65 μg/g. Cookies with a 4% level of LJ extracts possessed the highest activity of scavenging DPPH free radical activity (63.71 μg Vc/g), ABTS free radical activity (415.10 μg Vc/g), and ferric-reducing power of cookies (169.58 μg Vc/g). Further, a decrease in lightness L* and an increase in redness a* were observed in cookies with LJ extract addition. LJ extract addition lowered the hardness of cookies, and 4% level of LJ extracts increased the crispiness of cookies. Cookies with a 1% level of LJ extracts had a higher overall acceptance score (84.33) than that of other levels. Sensory acceptance played a vital role in the selection of the optimal formulation of cookies. Therefore, LJ extracts at 1% level could be an optimal supplement proportion in cookies and increased the antioxidant activity of cookies.     

Extraction,Physicochemical Properties,Anti-Aging,and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Industrial Hemp Residues

A large amount of hemp polysaccharides remain in industrial hemp residues (IHR) after cannabidiol extraction, resulting in the waste of resources. Therefore, the systematic study of hemp polysaccharides is beneficial to the development of IHR in the future. In this study, the extraction of industrial hemp residues polysaccharide (IHRPs) was optimized by single-factor experiment and orthogonal experimental design. The optimum heating extraction conditions were extraction temperature 98 °C, solid–liquid ratio 1:10, extraction time 1 h, number of successive extractions 2, and pH at 4. The extraction ratio and the polysaccharide content were 20.12 ± 0.55% and 12.35 ± 0.26% at the conditions, respectively. Besides, the best alcohol precipitation conditions were pumping with 2 L/h, stirring continuously, and ice-water bath for 4 h. The crude IHRPs was further purified by column chromatography and the polysaccharide/protein contents of purified IHRPs were 34.44% and 1.61%. IHRPs was mainly made up of ten monosaccharides and some non-sugar components including organic acids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycoside. The FT-IR demonstrated the polysaccharide skeleton of IHRPs. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS scavenging rate of IHRPs were 76.00% and 99.05% at the concentrations of 1 mg/mL. IHRPs could promote the epidermal cells proliferation and healing of cell scratches. Meanwhile, IHRPs could promoted the expression of anti-aging-related genes. Overall, IHRPs could be a desirable natural source of antioxidants and anti-aging products in many aspects.     

A new phenanthropyran and a new biphenanthrene from the rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba and their antioxidant activities

Abstract

A new phenanthropyran, dioscorone B (1), and a new phenanthrene (2), together with seven known compounds (3–9), were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of Dioscorea septemloba rhizomes. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including NMR, HRESIMS, IR, and UV spectra. Compounds 1–5 were first isolated from genus Dioscorea. The proton and carbon chemical shifts of compounds 1–9 were unambiguously assigned based on the 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR data. Compounds 1–5 and 8–9 were first tested for their antioxidant activities. Compounds 1 and 2 showed excellent activities with IC₅₀ values of 0.07?±?0.10?μM and 0.13?±?0.09?μM, respectively.     

Isolation,Structural Characterization,and Biological Activity of the Two Acidic Polysaccharides from the Fruits of the Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus

Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus is a medicinal plant and its fruit has pharmacological activity such as antiinflammatory, antiedema, antinociceptive, and muscle relaxant functions, etc. Two acidic homogeneous polysaccharides (EAP-H-a1 and EAP-H-a2) were isolated from the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. through DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography, and the physicochemical, structural properties, and biological activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. Both EAP-H-a1 and EAP-H-a2 were composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Glc, and Gal with the molar ratios of 13.7:20.5:23.3:8.8:33.4 and 24.8:19.7:8.2:8.4:38.6, respectively, and with the molecular weights of 705.796 kDa and 439.852 kDa, respectively. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the polysaccharide nature of the isolated substances. Congo red assay confirmed the existence of a triple-helix structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that EAP-H-a1 and EAP-H-a2 had irregular fibrous, filament-like surfaces; and both had crystalline and amorphous structures. Bioactivity analysis showed that the crude polysaccharide, EAP-H-a1, and EAP-H-a2 had clear DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, and could promote the secretion of NO and the phagocytic activities of RAW 264.7 and THP cells, which showed clear antioxidant and immuno-regulatory activity. These results indicated that Elaeagnus angustifolia L fruit acidic polysaccharides may have potential value in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.     

Structural Characteristics,Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of Polysaccharide from Siraitia grosvenorii

The structural characterization, the in vitro antioxidant activity, and the hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide (SGP-1-1) isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii (SG) were studied in this paper. SGP-1-1, whose molecular weight is 19.037 kDa, consisted of Gal:Man:Glc in the molar ratio of 1:2.56:4.90. According to the results of methylation analysis, GC–MS, and NMR, HSQC was interpreted as a glucomannan with a backbone composed of 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-, α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-, and 4)-Manp-(1 residues. α-1,6 linked an α-D-Galp branch, and α-1,6 linked an α-D-Glcp branch. The study indirectly showed that SGP-1-1 has good in vitro hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities and that these activities may be related to the fact that the SGP-1-1’s monosaccharide composition (a higher proportion of Gal and Man) is the glycosidic-bond type (α- and β-glycosidic bonds). SGP-1-1 could be used as a potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic candidate for functional and nutritional food applications.     

Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Ischnoderma Resinosum Polysaccharide

A predominant polysaccharide isolated from Ischnoderma resinosum underwent evaluation for its capacity to scavenge free radicals and its potential antioxidant properties at a cellular-oriented level. This proved that Ischnoderma resinosum polysaccharide (IRP) remarkably curtailed AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis through the inhibition of the generation of ROS (p < 0.05). Rather, it caused the restoration of intracellular antioxidant enzyme (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) activities at an acceptable pace and the silencing of intracellular MDA formation, as well as the rescaling of LDH leakage. Furthermore, a model of oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was established by adopting 400 μM of hydrogen peroxide, which suggested that IRP manifests promising antioxidant activity. Notably, after the intervention of IRP in the H₂O₂-induced HepG2 cells, there was a statistical elevation in cell survivability (p < 0.05). IRP diminished the morphological alterations in the nucleus and decreased the secretion of ROS (p < 0.05), with a dose-dependent abrogation of apoptosis (p < 0.05). Consequently, IRP, which was isolated and purified, was able to scavenge free radicals and possessed favorable antioxidant activity that could dampen the occurrence of oxidative stimulation and effectively alleviate the AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. This provides a basis and theoretical reference for the development and utilization of IRP as a natural antioxidant, with emphasis on the exploitation of environmentally friendly and cost-effective antioxidants.     

薯莨鞣质成分及生物活性的研究进展

研究表明,薯莨含有大量的生物活性成分,其中鞣质是最重要有效成分之一。结合近10年来有关薯莨鞣质最新研究成果,阐述了薯莨鞣质化学成分提取工艺、种类、药用及生物活性的研究进展。     

Panthogenins A and B,two novel norergostanol steroids from Dioscorea panthaica

Two novel 27-norergostanol steroids, panthogenins A （1） and B （2）, possessing unusual rings E and F featuring a ketal moiety at C-25 were isolated from rhizomes ofDioscorea panthaica. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and the structure of panthogenin A was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Both compounds showed potent in vitro insulin sensitizing activity.     

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antidiabetic Properties of the Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla

This study aimed to investigate the Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides (PF40) physicochemical and antidiabetic characteristics. The ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectra, Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, zeta potential, surface characteristics, and conformational and thermal stability properties of PF40 were characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with Congo red test, revealed that PF40 powder has mainly existed in amorphous form with triple-helix conformation. The single-molecular structure of PF40 exhibited a multi-branched structure extending from the center to the periphery by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) scanning. The monosaccharide residue of PF40 was an α-pyranoid ring and exhibits good stability below 168 °C. Experimental studies on antidiabetic characteristics found that PF40 could significantly improve STZ-induced intestinal mucosal damage and reduce the apoptosis of villus epithelial cells. PF40 combined with metformin could significantly improve the symptoms of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats, the molecular mechanism might be through inhibiting the expression of RORγ protein and increasing Foxp3 protein in the jejunum of T2DM rats, and then restoring the STZ-induced imbalance of T helper 17(Th17)/ regulatory T cells (Treg) cells, thereby maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Results identified in this study provided important information regarding the structure and antidiabetic characteristics of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides, which can contribute to the development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides for industrial purposes in the future.