HS和HONO反应机理的研究

采用密度泛函和耦合簇理论方法研究了HS与HONO的反应机理.在B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p)水平上对HS+HONO反应中的所有物种进行了几何构型优化和频率分析,通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)确认了反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物之间的相关性;采用CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2df,2p)方法获得了各物种的单点能.计算结果表明:HS+HONO的主要反应通道为HS+cis-HONO→p2-cis-IM1→p2-cis-TS→p2-IM2→P2(H_2S+NO_2),其反应活化能为71.26kJ·mol~(-1).     

Au+(1S, 3D)与N2O(1Σ+)反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法, O和N用6-311+G*基组, Au+用赝势基组(8s7p6d)/[6s5p3d], 研究了Au+(1S, 3D)离子和N2O(1Σ+)分子的反应机理. 报道了在基态单重态和激发三重态势能面上各反应物、中间体和过渡态的构型特征及能量. 结果表明, 两个主反应通道Au+(1S)+ N2O(1Σ+)→1NA-Complex-1→1NA-TS1→1NA-Complex-2→1NA-Crossing→[3OAuNN]+和Au+(1S)+ N2O(1Σ+)→1NB-Complex→1NB-Crossing→[AuNN(1Σ+)]++O(3P)都需经过反应交叉势能面, 出现“系间窜越”. 用内禀坐标单点计算垂直激发态的方法确定了势能面交叉点, 并用含时密度泛函TD-B3LYP方法进一步探讨了自旋翻转机理.     

单个水分子对HO2+H2S反应主通道影响的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p)方法对HO2+H2S反应及单分子水参与其主通道的微观机理和速率常数进行了研究.结果表明,HO2+H2S反应主通道为生成产物为H2O2+HS的通道,其表观活化能为14.94 kJ/mol.考虑单分子水对主产物通道的影响发现,所得的势能面比无水参与的反应复杂得多,经历了H2O…HO2+H2S(RW1),HO2…H2O+H2S(RW2)和H2O…H2S+HO2(RW3)3个通道,RW1~RW6共6个路径.其中通道RW1是水分子参与HO2+H2S反应主通道的优势通道.在216.7~298.2K温度范围内通道RW1的有效速率常数呈现出正温度系数效应,在298 K时,k’RW 1/ktotal达到54.2%,表明在实际大气环境中水分子对HO2+H2S反应的主通道具有明显影响.     

CH3SS与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)对CH3SS与OH自由基单重态反应机理进行了研究.在B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析方法对过渡态进行了验证.在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算了各物种的单点能,并对总能量进行了零点能校正.研究结果表明,CH3SS与OH反应为多通道反应,有5条可能的反应通道.反应物首先通过不同的S—O键相互作用形成具有竞争反应机理的中间体IM1和IM2.再经过氢迁移、脱氢和裂解等机理得到主要产物P1(CH2SS+H2O),次要产物P2(CH2S+HSOH),P3(CH3SH+1SO)和P4(CH2SSO+H2),其中最低反应通道的势垒为174.6kJ.mol-1.     

气相中开壳型(CH3)2S(O)…HOO红移氢键复合物的结构与性质

在DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上分别求得(CH3)2S…HOO和(CH3)2O…HOO开壳型氢键复合物势能面上的稳定构型. 频率分析表明, 与单体HOO自由基相比, 复合物中H10-O11键伸缩振动频率发生显著的红移, 红移值分别为424.21和374.22 cm-1. 在MP2/6-311++G**水平计算得到, 含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正和零点振动能(ZPVE)校正的相互作用能分别为-24.68和-31.01 kJ·mol-1. 自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析表明, 在(CH3)2S…HOO复合物中, 引起H10-O11键变长的因素包括两种电荷转移: (1) LP(S1)1→σ*(H10-O11); (2) LP(S1)2→σ*(H10-O11), 其中LP(S1)2→σ*(H10-O11)占主要作用, 总的结果是使σ*(H10-O11)的自然布居数增加了37.27 me; 在(CH3)2O…HOO中也有相似的电荷转移的超共轭作用. AIM理论分析表明, S1…H10间和O1…H10间都存在键鞍点, ▽2ρ(r)分别为0.06196和0.03745, 说明这种相互作用介于共价键和离子键之间, 偏于静电作用.     

CH_3CH_2O与HO_2抽氢反应与主通道速率常数的理论研究

在B3LYP//6-311++G(2df,2p)水平完成了对CH_3CH_2O与HO_2反应各驻点物种的几何构型优化,并在相同水平上对相关物种进行了频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算.为得到较准确的单点能信息,同时采用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ方法对反应途径中各驻点进行单点能校正.标题反应的单、三重态势能剖面图揭示,反应在单、三重态势能面上均有3条抽氢通道.其中单重态通道分别生成1CH3CHO+H_2O_2(R1),CH_3CH_2OH+1 O_2(R2)和1CH_2CH_2O+H_2O_2(R3),三重态通道分别生成3CH3CHO+H_2O_2(R4),CH_3CH_2OH+3O_2(R5)和3CH_2CH_2O+H_2O_2(R6);势垒高度揭示三重态在动力学和热力学上比单重态更具优势.200K~1 200K区间内标题反应速率常数计算结果表明,除通道R5的速率常数几乎不随温度变化外,所有其他通道的速率常数均随温度升高而增大(即速率呈现正温度系数效应),同时发现抽氢通道R5的分支比始终大于94%,因而是绝对优势通道.     

CH_3SO+HO_2气相反应机理与主通道速率常数

在MPW1PW91/6-311G(d,p)水平上优化了标题反应各驻点物种的几何构型,并在相同水平上通过频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析对过渡态结构及连接性进行了验证.采用QCISD(T)/6-311G(d,p)方法对所有驻点及反应路径的部分选择点进行单点能校正,分别构建了CH3SO+HO2反应体系的单、三重态反应势能剖面.研究结果表明,CH3SO+HO2反应体系存在6条反应通道7条路径,优势通道(1)R→3IM→P1(CH3SOH+3O2)发生在三重态势能面上,此通道包含两条路径,其表观活化能分别为12.01和-30.04kJ?mol-1,主路径(2)R→3IM→3TS2→P1(CH3SOH+3O2)是一个无势垒氢迁移过程.利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT),分别计算了主路径(2)在200～2500K温度范围内的速率常数kTST,kCVT和kCVT/SCT,在此温度区间内的表观反应速率常数三参数表达式为kCVT/SCT=4.08×10-24T3.13exp(8012.2/T)cm3imolecule-1is-1,具有负温度系数效应.速率常数计算结果显示,变分效应在计算温度段内影响较小,而量子力学隧道效应在低温段有显著影响.     

SO_2F_2与H自由基反应机理研究

用密度泛函B3PW91/6-311++g(d,p)方法研究了SO_2F_2与H自由基的反应机理,对反应势能面上的各驻点的几何构型进行了全参数优化,过渡态的真实性通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析的结果得到了证实。用双水平CCSD(T)/6-311++g(d,p)//B3PW91/6-311++g(d,p)获得了SO_2F_2+H反应势能剖面图,并用传统过渡态理论计算了最佳反应通道的决速步的反应速率常数。结果表明,SO_2F_2+H可经过加成-消去或直接抽提机理生成两种裂解产物P1(SO_2F+HF)和P2(SF_2O+OH),其中通道SO_2F_2+H→TS1→IM1→TS4→P1和SO_2F_2+H→TS3→CP1→P1决速步的势垒分别为89.5和91.3 kJ·mol~(-1),势垒相差仅1.8 kJ·mol~(-1),为标题反应的两个竞争反应,且高温有利于直接抽提反应的发生。SO_2F_2分子中的O原子不可能通过抽提反应直接提取。     

NO2和HSO反应的机理及动力学研究

本文采用CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ方法构建了NO2 + HSO反应的单、三重态势能面,并对主通道速率常数进行了计算。研究结果表明,该反应在单[R1(HN(O)O + 1SO)、R2(cis-HONO + 1SO)和R3 (trans-HONO + 1SO)]、三重态[R6(HN(O)O + 3SO)、R7(cis-HONO + 3SO)和R8(trans-HONO + 3SO)]均存在3条抽氢反应通道,在单[R4(NO + HS(O)O)和R5(H + SO2 + NO)]、三重态[R9(HS(O)O + NO)和R10(H + SO2 + NO)]均存在两条抽氧通道,其中单重态抽氢通道R2 (cis-HONO + 1SO)是NO2 + HSO反应主通道。利用传统过渡态理论(TST)并结合Wigner校正,计算了上述10条通道在200 ~ 1000 K温度范围内的速率常数。计算结果表明,NO2 + HSO反应主通道在298 K时的速率常数(7.78×10-13cm3?molecule-1?s-1)与实验值(9.6×10-12 cm3?molecule-1?s-1)相吻合。此外,水分子影响主通道R2(cis-HONO + 1SO)经历了NO2 + H2O…HSO和 NO2 + H2O…HSO(HSO + NO2…H2O)两条反应通道,且两条通道的能垒分别比R2升高了49.97和20.43 kcal?mol-1,说明在实际大气环境中水分子对NO2 + HSO反应几乎没有影响。     

二氯卡宾与甲醇及甲硫醇插入与氢抽提反应的量子化学计算

利用密度泛函和自然键轨道理论及电子密度拓扑分析方法，对单、三重态CCl2与CH3MH（M=O，S）中C—H和M—H键的插入反应及抽提氢反应进行了研究．在B3LYP／6-311G（d，p）水平上优化了势能面上构型，并以频率分析和内禀反应坐标法进行了确认．计算了各物种的CCSD（T）／6-211G（d，p）能量．结果表明，主反应通道主要发生在单重态势能面中，单重态CCl2既可以与C-H及M—H键发生插入反应，存在四条主反应通道，分别生成P1[CH3OCHCl2，反应Ⅰ（1）]，P3[Cl2HCCH2OH，反应Ⅰ（2）]和PS[CH3SCHCl2，反应Ⅱ（1）]，P7[Cl2HCCH2SH，反应Ⅱ（2）]，也可以与CH3MH发生抽提氢反应，分别生成P4[CH2O＋CH2Cl2，反应Ⅰ（3）]和P8[CH2S＋CH2Cl2，反应Ⅱ（3）]．同时，存在三重态CCl2与CH3SH插入生成^3P4[CH3SCHCl＋Cl]的反应通道．进一步对反应通道上的关键点进行了自然键轨道和电子密度拓扑分析．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.