Assessment of sandwich models for the prediction of sound transmission loss in unidirectional sandwich panels

The consistent higher-order approach and the two-parameter foundation formulation are used for the derivation of sound transmission loss in symmetric unidirectional (infinitely wide) sandwich panels with isotropic face sheets. In both models, transmission loss is calculated using decoupled equations representing symmetric and anti-symmetric motions of a sandwich panel. The closed-form expressions for impedances and transmission coefficient of a symmetric sandwich panel with an isotropic core are derived for the two-parameter foundation model. A comparison between the numerical predictions based on the two sandwich models and available experimental data shows that the consistent higher-order formulation can be used to predict the transmission loss in symmetric sandwich panels with both honeycomb and isotropic cores. For prediction of transmission loss of symmetric sandwich panels with an isotropic core, the two-parameter foundation model is more convenient, while the consistent higher-order approach is more accurate.     

Sound transmission loss across specially orthotropic laminates

This work studies the sound transmission loss across composite material in order to understand the sound-insulating capacity at various frequencies. A so-called specially orthotropic laminate was examined. The material properties in thickness direction are different from those in in-plane directions but it is isotropic in the laminating plane. Thus the specially orthotropic laminate can be analyzed by two-dimensional acoustic analysis. The sound transfer matrix of specially orthotropic single layer is determined by stress and velocity. The boundary conditions between different interface planes and the transfer matrix related to these conditions yield the mathematical model of the sound wave that propagates in composite materials. The experimental and numerical results of sound transmission loss are compared. Arrangement of various material properties and their sound penetrating characteristic were investigated and discussed.     

Preparation and transmission loss of the nano-crystal and polymer composite film BTO/PMMA

Bismuth titanate, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BTO), is a typical ferroelectric material with useful properties for optical memory, piezoelectric and electro-optic devices. Its nano-crystals were compounded by the chemical solution decomposition technique. The structure and size of BTO were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmissive electron microscopy. Two sorts of composite films BTO/polymethylmethacrylate with different weight ratio of BTO were prepared by spin-coating method at certain conditions. In this article, the scattering loss in thin films was obtained using an imaging technique.     

Comparison and implementation of the various numerical methods used for calculating transmission loss in silencer systems

Issues concerning the design and use of large-scale silencers are more prevalent today then ever before. With the increased use of large industrial machinery (such as gas turbines) and the increase in public awareness and concern for noise control, the desire to be able to properly design silencers for specific applications is increasing. Even today, most silencer design is performed by simply modifying existing designs without full confidence of the new performance characteristics. Due to the size and expense of these silencers, it would be beneficial to have means to predict the insertion loss (IL) or transmission loss (TL) characteristics at the design stage. To properly accomplish this, many factors such as geometry, absorptive material properties, flow effects, break out noise, and self-generated noise must be considered. The use of the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM) can aid in the prediction and design. This paper examines three of the different methods used in calculation of TL values; namely the “traditional” laboratory method, the 4-pole transfer matrix method and the 3-point method. A comparison of these methods based on such criteria as accuracy, computation time, and ease of use was conducted. In addition, the idiosyncrasies and problems encountered during implementation are presented. The conclusions were that the FEM is better suited for this kind of application and that the 3-point method was the fastest method and was easier to use than the 4-pole method.     

接收基阵垂直指向性引起的附加声传播损失

具有垂直方向指向性的接收基阵对入射声波有方向加权效应，本文在该类基阵声纳方程的基础上，导出了附加声传播损失的具体表式，讨论了深度一声速梯度对附加传播损失的影响，最后给出包声速梯度条件下的算例，计算结果与海上试验吻合较好。     

Study on sound transmission characteristics of a cylindrical shell using analytical and experimental models

A circular cylindrical cavity enclosed by a thin elastic shell is found in many practical devices such as expansion volume mufflers, hermetic compressors and aircraft cabins. Analytical and experimental studies are conducted in this work to understand the characteristics of sound transmission through the cylindrical wall of such a system. Using an infinitely long circular cylindrical shell subjected to a plane incident wave, an exact solution is obtained by solving the classical shell vibration equations and the acoustic wave equations simultaneously. Transmission losses obtained from the solution are compared to the transmission losses that are measured for a cylindrical shell of finite length and the same cross-sectional dimensions. The comparison suggests that the theoretical model can be used as an effective design tool despite considerable simplifications involved.     

A low transmission loss THz polarization splitter based on dual-core optical fiber

We propose a design of a low loss terahertz polarization splitter based on a dual-core terahertz fiber with crossed dielectric strips in the fiber cross section. Low transmission loss is realized by extending the mode field to the air holes adjacent to the solid material. An 11.4-cm-long terahertz polarization splitter is obtained with the extinction ratio better than −15 dB and a bandwidth of 16 μm.     

The design of small reverberation chambers for transmission loss measurement

This paper describes the design, construction and performance evaluation of a small test facility for transmission loss measurement. The low-cost test facility—in the form of a twin pentagonal parallelepiped—is made of laminates of masonite, fibreglass, and plywood and is particularly adaptable for transmission loss tests of small panels.     

复材结构刚度与隔声量的计算及参数优化

论文旨在满足结构刚度指标的前提下最大程度地提高复合材料(以下简称"复材")结构的隔声性能。首先针对复材结构进行刚度分析,在铺层数和铺层比例不变的前提下,分析不同铺层构型对结构刚度的影响。然后利用统计能量分析法,确定铺层角度对结构隔声性能的影响,并与试验结果进行对比验证模型的有效性。最后以铺设在复材壁板上的隔音棉厚度和密度为两个优化参数,分析不同厚度和密度的隔音棉的插入损失,并进行参数最优化分析,寻找最佳组合方式。得出结论:不同铺设角度顺序对复材整体结构的弯曲刚度和吻合效应频率有影响,在相同尺寸和边界条件下,构型1屈曲稳定性承载能力较强,隔声效果最好,铺层方式最优;隔音棉密度对插入损失影响较小,而隔音棉厚度对插入损失影响较大。论文选取的隔音棉密度和厚度已经使壁板、隔音棉及内饰板的组合结构隔声量达到了收敛状态,是最优化的组合设计。     

电流电离室教学实验装置的研制

介绍流气式电流电离室实验装置的制作,测量了该电离室的饱和特性、轴向均匀性等性能参数,将该电离室用于核与粒子物理实验教学中,取得了良好效果。     

Comparison of radiative energy loss models in a hot QCD medium

The suppression of high pT$p_T$ hadron production in heavy ion collisions is thought to be due to energy loss by gluon radiation off hard partons in a QCD medium. Existing models of QCD radiative energy loss in a color-charged medium give estimates of the coupling strength of the parton to the medium which differ by a factor of 5. We will present a side-by-side comparison of two different formalisms to calculate the energy loss of light quarks and gluons: the multiple soft scattering approximation (ASW-MS) and the opacity expansion formalism (ASW-SH and WHDG-rad). A common time-temperature profile is used to characterize the medium. The results are compared to the single hadron suppression R_AA$R_{AA}$ at RHIC energies.     

Experimental estimation of the transmission loss contributions of a sound package placed in a double wall structure

The objective of this paper is to propose a practical impedance tube method to optimize the sound transmission loss of double wall structure by concentrating on the sound package placed inside the structure. In a previous work, the authors derived an expression that breakdown the transmission loss of a double wall structure containing a sound absorbing blanket separated from the panels by air layers in terms of three main contributions; (i) sound transmission loss of the panels, (ii) sound transmission loss of the blanket and (iii) sound absorption due to multiple reflections inside the cavity. The sound transmission loss contributions of the blanket can thus be estimated from three acoustic measurements using impedance tube techniques: two reflection coefficients at the front face and the rear face of the blanket placed in specific positions characteristic of its position inside the double wall structure and its sound transmission coefficient. The method is first validated in the case of a double wall structure filled with a 2 in. foam material. Next, it is applied to investigate (i) the effect of frame compression of a 2 in. fibre glass in an aeronautic-type double wall structure and (ii) the effect of double porosity with or without porous inclusions in a building-type double wall structure.     

在气液混相介质中测量声透射损失

用频率分别为0．5,1,1．25,2,2．5MHz的超声波,对气水混相介质声透射损失进行了测量,结果发现：声透射损失随含气量的增加急剧增大．在气泡大小、分布一定的情况下,可以用声透射损失来反映混相介质中的含气量．     

半波长管传声损失分析

1/4波长管和Herschel-Quincke(HQ)管具有良好消声潜力,在其固有频率附近具有很高的消声量级,为了将这种消声潜力在更小的安装空间内和更宽的频带上发挥出来,设计了一种新的半波长管,通过对多管传声损失理论模型的推导,运用数值计算的方法,分析了传声损失的影响因素并对多分支管模型进行宽频带尺寸设计,最终实现在3...     

多丝正比室视差效应改善方法

通过模拟研究,找到了一种采用非均匀电极高压来改善探测器视差效应的方法;考察了该方法对多丝正比室的电子收集效率、增益一致性等性能的影响。结果表明:该方法可以显著减小探测器的视差效应,不会影响探测器的电子收集效率,引起的阳极丝增益一致性的变化也基本不会对探测器的总体性能造成影响。     

测量白油中声透射损失的教学实验装置

通过实验发展：在测量范围内，声透射损失随含气量线性增大。在气泡大小、分布一定的情况下，可以由声透射损失来测量油中的含气量。     

单模双折射光纤弯曲传输损耗的研究

利用检测单模双折射光纤弯曲传输损耗装置测绘了光纤的弯曲损耗图及光纤弯曲传输模式图．实验结果表明入纤光角度相同时，由于光纤弯部的曲率半径不同产生的弯曲损耗不同，而模式场分布与光纤弯曲无关．     

亚纳秒脉冲传输线损耗分析

脉冲传输线的介质材料选择和参数设计对传输线的损耗具有至关重要的影响,根据分布参数理论和电磁场微波理论,给出环氧玻璃纤维FR-4和聚四氟乙烯F4B两种材料的损耗计算公式,在微带特性阻抗为50Ω,工作频率为10GHz时,FR-4和F4B的介质衰减系数分别为0.095 dB/cm和0.0023dB/cm;当微带厚度为18μm,介质材料厚度为0.25mm时,FR-4和F4B的导体衰减系数分别为0.0499dB/cm和0.0357dB/cm。数值计算和仿真结果表明,F4B材料传输线的介质损耗和导体损耗相对较低,是一种较好的介质材料,选择合适的介质材料厚度可保证损耗较低且电路体积不至于过大。     

磁绝缘传输线损失电流等效电路模型

在粒子模拟的基础上,结合经典空间电荷限制流、磁绝缘临界电流的理论公式,拟合得到磁绝缘传输线中空间电荷限制流的修正计算公式,并进一步建立磁绝缘传输线损失电流的插值计算模型。该模型不需要求解广义泊松方程,计算效率高。通过对长同轴磁绝缘传输线的等效电路模拟,得到了与全尺寸粒子模拟结果基本一致的负载电压波形,插值计算模型不仅正确地反映了磁绝缘传输线中的电流损失过程,而且其等效电路模拟计算效率比粒子模拟提高3000倍以上。     

水介质管路弹性背腔微穿孔消声器的传递损失特性

为抑制水介质管路系统低频噪声,兼顾结构的紧凑性,提出弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声结构,弹性管壁为橡胶帘线复合材料,并推导了传递损失的数值解法。首先,基于Biot-Allard多孔弹性理论,将弹性微穿孔板等效为弹性多孔材料;然后,利用双尺度法建立帘布的周期性代表单元,求得其刚度矩阵;接着,基于分层理论,建立弹性管壁的多层复合材料模型,并与内部声场耦合计算,得到弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器的传递损失。在水介质驻波管中,利用双声源法测量弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器样机的传递损失曲线,并与扩张式管路消声器和刚性背腔微穿孔管路消声器进行对比,理论结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究表明,弹性背腔微穿孔管路消声器属于反射耗散复合式消声器,具有低频域、宽频带的消声特性。样机B2在40~300 Hz和40~1200 Hz频段内的传递损失分别为36 dB和30 dB,而相同尺寸扩张式消声器在对应频段的传递损失分别为7 dB和11 dB。