一道新题征展问题的结论与证明的纠正

本刊2011年第2期新题征展(124)题7是一道有关导数应用的函数与不等式综合问题,原题如下:已知函数f(x)=2x+alnx(a∈R).(1)讨论函数f(x)的单调性;(2)若f(x)有两个零点,求实数a的取值范围;(3)若函数f(x)的最小值为h(a),m,n为h(a)定义域A中的任意两个值,求证:h(m)+h(n)/2＞h(m+n/2).     

n次迭代还原函数的一个构造定理

定义1记函数f(x)=f[1](x),f(f(x))=f[2](x),…,f(f(…f(x)…))=f[n](x),f[n](x)为f(x)的n次迭代.定义2记f(x),f[2](x),f[3](x),…,f[n](x)的定义域的交集为A,若对于任意的x∈A,存在最小的正整数n,使得f[n](x)=x,则称f(x)为n次迭代还原函数.不难证明,若f(x)为n次迭代还原函数,则     

广义齐次函数

若函数f(x,y)在其定义域G上满足恒等式 f(tx,ty)=t~nf(x,y),t>0,则称f(x,y)为n次齐次函数。把这个概念推广一下,还可以得到一类广义齐次函数,本文的目的就是对这类广义齐次函数的性质作一初步的讨论。定义.若函数f(x,y)在其定义域G上对一切t>0恒满足等式 f(tx,ty)=h(x,y)k(t)+z~mf(x,y),(1)其中h(x,y)为n次齐次函数,k(t)=t~mlnt(n=m时)或k(t)=(t~n-t~m)(n≠m时),则我们称函数f(x,y)为关于特征函数h(x,y)的m次广义齐次函数。例如,xlny+ylnx+x为关于特征函数x+y的1次广义齐次函数。而x~2+y~2+x~2y则为关于特     

一类方程的求解方法

问题试解方程:2 2 2x-1-1-1=x22 1.此题若采用常规解法,需解一个16次方程,这显然是不可取的,经过一番思考,我们得到关于此类方程解的一个性质.性质定义f(0)(x)=x,f(1)(x)=f(x),f(n)(x)=f[f(n-1)(x)],n∈N*.若f(x)在其定义域上为增函数,g(x)为f(x)的反函数,则方程f(n)(x)=g(m)(x     

新题征展(68)

A题组新编1.(1)已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,若Sm=Sn(m≠n),则Sm+n=;(2)已知函数f(x)=ax2+bx,若f(m)=f(n)(m≠n),则f(m+n)=;(3)已知函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c(a≠0),若f(m)=f(n)(m≠n),则f(m+n)=.2.(1)已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,若Sm=n,Sn=m(m≠n),则Sm+n=;(2)等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,若Sm=a,Sn=b(m≠n),则Sm+n=;(3)已知函数f(x)=ax2+bx(a≠0),若f(m)=t,f(n)=s(m≠n),则f(m+n)=;(4)f(x)=ax2+bx+c(a≠0),若f(m)=t,f(n)=s(m≠n),则f(m+n)=.3.(1)在周长为定值l的直角三角形中,怎样的三角形面积最大?最大面积是多少?请详述理由;(2)在…     

2002年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试数学试题及解答

一、填空题 (本大题满分 4 8分 )1.函数 y =13- 2 x - x2 的定义域为 .2 .若椭圆的两个焦点坐标为 F1(- 1,0 ) ,F2 (5 ,0 ) ,长轴的长为 10 .则椭圆的方程为 .3.若全集 I=R,f (x)、g(x)均为 x的二次函数 ,P ={ x| f (x) <0 } ,Q ={ x| g(x)≥ 0 } ,则不等式组f (x) <0g(x) <0 的解集可用 P、Q表示为 .4 .设 f (x)是定义在 R上的奇函数 .若当 x≥ 0时 ,f (x) =log3 (1 x) ,则 f (- 2 ) =.5 .若在 (5x - 1x) n 的展开式中 .第 4项是常数项 ,则 n =.6 .已知 f (x) =1- x1 x.若α∈ (π2 ,π) ,则f (cosα) f (- cosα)可化简为 .7.六位…     

拟Hermite-Fejer插值多项式的逼近特性

设f∈C[-1,1],x_(h,n)=ciskπ/n+1,k=1,2…,n为第二类Chebyshev多项式U_n(x)=sin(n+1)θ/sinθ(x=cosθ)的零点。拟Hermite-Fejer插值多项式为O_n(f,x)=((1+x/2)f(1)+(1-x/2)f(-1))(U_n(x)/n+1)~n+     

两道数学竞赛题的推广

题1函数f(x)=x2 x 21,x∈[n,n 1](n是整数)的值域中恰有10个不同整数,则n的值为.(第八届“希望杯”高一第1试第25题)分析:将本题中“n是整数”推广为“n是任一实数”,结果如何?解f(x)=(x 21)2 43.当n≥21时,f(x)在[n,n 1]上是增函数,f(n 1)-f(n)=2n 2.若10≤2n 2<11则4≤n<29,此时f(x)的值域中共有10个整数;当n≤-23时,f(x)在[n,n 1]上是减函数,f(n)-f(n 1)=-2n-2若10≤-2n-2<11则-123相似文献   

关于函数y=(c dx~n)/(a bx~n)的一个恒等式的改进

文[1]给出了一个函数恒等式:定理1若f(x)=ac bdxxnn(ad≠bc,ab≠0),则f(x) f(na2b2·1x)=bca bad恒成立.显然当n是偶数时f(x) f(-na2b2·1x)=bca bad也恒成立.另外可发现使f(x) f(A·1x)=C恒成立的常数C和相应的常数A(不计正负号)是唯一确定的,这样定理1就可改进为:定理2若f(x     

等差数列中“和问题”的一种处理方法

公差为d的等差数列{an}的通项公式为an=a1 (n-1)d (n∈N),若函数f(x)=dx (a1-d) (x∈R),则有an=f(n).本文称函数f(x)为等差数列{an}的伴随函数,这样便有下面的定理.定理 若f(x)为等差数列{an}的伴随函数,且mi (i=1,2,3,…,k)为自然数,则证 ∵ f(x)为等差数列{an}的伴随函数,∴ f(x)=dx (a1-d) (x∈R),故定理得证.推论 若f(x)为等差数列{an}的伴随函数,Sn为前n项和,则证 由定理得：利用定理及推论可巧妙解答等差数列中有关的和问题.例1 在等差数列{an}中,若a3 a4 a5 a6 a7=450,则a2 a8=( )(A) 45. (B) 75. (C) 180.…     

Detecting and modeling nonlinearity in the gas furnace data

Using a modification of the Hinich, J Time Ser Anal 3(3):169–176, (1982) bispectrum test for nonlinearity and Gaussianity, the residuals of the Tiao and Box, J Am Stat Assoc 76:802–816, (1981) constrained and unconstrained VAR models for the gas furnace data reject the assumption of Gaussianity and linearity over a grid of bandwidths for estimating the bispectrum. These findings call into question the specification of the linear VAR and VARMA models assumed by Tiao and Box, J Am Stat Assoc 76:802–816, (1981). Utilizing the alternative Hinich J Nonparametr Stat 6:205–221, (1996) nonlinearity test, the residuals of the VAR model were shown to exhibit episodic nonlinearity. The sensitivity of the findings to outliers is investigated by estimating and testing the residuals of L1 and MINIMAX models from 1–6 lags. Building on the linear dynamic specification, a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model is estimated, using two software implementations, and shown to remove the nonlinearity in the residuals. Leverage plots were used to illustrate the “cost” of imposing a linearity assumption. Out-of-sample forecasting tests from 1–6 periods ahead found that using the sum-of-squared errors criteria, the MARS model out performed ACE, GAM and projection pursuit models.     

Some recurrence formulas for box splines and cone splines

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchelli [6] and extended to hold for multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8]. We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box_splines. To this end, we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli [4] that connects box splines and cone splines and a degree reduction formula given by Cohen, Lyche, and Riesenfeld in [2].     

SOME RECURRENCE FORMULAS FOR BOX SPLINES AND CONE SPLINES

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchellis[6] and extended to hold for multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8].We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box splines.To this and ,we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli[4] that connects box splines and cone splines and a degree reduction formula given by Cohen,Lyche,and Riesenfeld in [2].     

Some recurrence formulas for box splines and cone splines

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchelli and extended to hold ]or multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8]. We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box splsplines andines. To this end, we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli that connects box cone splines and a degree reduction formulagiven by Cohen, Lyche, and Riesenfeld in [2].     

FFT-based homogenization on periodic anisotropic translation invariant spaces

In this paper we derive a discretisation of the equation of quasi-static elasticity in homogenization in form of a variational formulation and the so-called Lippmann–Schwinger equation, in anisotropic spaces of translates of periodic functions. We unify and extend the truncated Fourier series approach, the constant finite element ansatz and the anisotropic lattice derivation. The resulting formulation of the Lippmann–Schwinger equation in anisotropic translation invariant spaces unifies and analyses for the first time both the Fourier methods and finite element approaches in a common mathematical framework. We further define and characterize the resulting periodised Green operator. This operator coincides in case of a Dirichlet kernel corresponding to a diagonal matrix with the operator derived for the Galerkin projection stemming from the truncated Fourier series approach and to the anisotropic lattice derivation for all other Dirichlet kernels. Additionally, we proof the boundedness of the periodised Green operator. The operator further constitutes a projection if and only if the space of translates is generated by a Dirichlet kernel. Numerical examples for both de la Vallée Poussin means and Box splines illustrate the flexibility of this framework.     

Spline Surfaces over Arbitrary Topological Meshes: Theoretical Analysis and Application

Based on polyhedral splines, some multivariate splines of different orders with given supports over arbitrary topological meshes are developed. Schemes for choosing suitable families of multivariate splines based on pre-given meshes are discussed. Those multivariate splines with inner knots and boundary knots from the related meshes are used to generate rational spline shapes with related control points. Steps for up to $C^2$-surfaces over the meshes are designed. The relationship among the meshes and their knots, the splines and control points is analyzed. To avoid any unexpected discontinuities and get higher smoothness, a heart-repairing technique to adjust inner knots in the multivariate splines is designed.With the theory above, bivariate $C^1$-quadratic splines over rectangular meshes are developed. Those bivariate splines are used to generate rational $C^1$-quadratic surfaces over the meshes with related control points and weights. The properties of the surfaces are analyzed. The boundary curves and the corner points and tangent planes, and smooth connecting conditions of different patches are presented. The $C^1$−continuous connection schemes between two patches of the surfaces are presented.     

Reconstruction matrices and calibration relations for minimal splines

On a nonuniform gird, we consider twice continuously differentiable splines of third order and obtain calibration relations expressing the coordinate splines on the original grid as a linear combination of splines of the same type on a refined grid. We also obtain calibration relations representing the coordinate splines on an enlarged grid as a linear combination of splines of the same type on the original grid. We derive the reconstruction matrices on an interval and on a segment for the space of third order splines associated with infinite and finite nonuniform grids respectively. Bibliography: 10 titles.     

拟α- 伪样条及其性质

通过增加参数ω, 本文给出了一类新面具, 即拟α- 伪样条. 当ω = 0 时, 拟0- 伪样条就是伪样条, 拟1/2- 伪样条就是对偶伪样条. 对特殊的ω ≠ 0, 本文给出了拟α- 伪样条的稳定性、正则性、渐近分析和逼近阶等性质. 相关结果表明拟α- 伪样条具有与伪样条以及对偶伪样条类似的性质. 同时,结果表明只要支撑区间稍长时, 加细函数将具有更好的光滑性.     

基于弹性理论的二元样条与黄金分割

Splines are important in both mathematics and mechanics. We investigate the relationships between bivariate splines and mechanics in this paper. The mechanical meanings of some univariate splines were viewed based on the analysis of bending beams. For the 2D case, the relationships between a class of quintic bivariate splines with smoothness 3 and bending of thin plates are presented constructively. Furthermore, the variational property of bivariate splines and golden section in splines are also discussed.     

Statistical application of barycentric rational interpolants: an alternative to splines

Spline curves, originally developed by numerical analysts for interpolation, are widely used in statistical work, mainly as regression splines and smoothing splines. Barycentric rational interpolants have recently been developed by numerical analysts, but have yet seen very few statistical applications. We give the necesssary information to enable the reader to use barycentric rational interpolants, including a suggestion for a Bayesian prior distribution, and explore the possible statistical use of barycentric interpolants as an alternative to splines. We give the all the necessary formulae, compare the numerical accuracy to splines for some Monte-Carlo datasets, and apply both regression splines and barycentric interpolants to two real datasets. We also discuss the application of these interpolants to data smoothing, where smoothing splines would normally be used, and exemplify the use of smoothing interpolants with another real dataset. Our conclusion is that barycentric interpolants are as accurate as splines, and no more difficult to understand and program. They offer a viable alternative methodology.