Dynamic buckling and plastic collapse of rectangular strips under axial slamming impact

The dynamic buckling and plastic collapse of elastic-plastic rectangular strips under axial slamming impact are investigated experimentally. The dynamic response of the specimens is measured by several back-to-back paris of strain gages located at different positions. According to the experimental records, the compressive and bending motions of the rectangular strips are analyzed. The strips exhibit three different critical dynamic conditions: buckling, plastic incipience and plastic collapse. Based on the response characters, three criteria are proposed which completely define the elastic-plastic dynamic behavior of rectangular strips under axial slamming impact with loading durations ranging from 14 to 18 milliseconds. These conditions are estimated by introducing three critical axial compressive strains. Moreover, the effect of geometric imperfection on the dynamic behavior of the strips is discussed.     

Effect of the system imperfections on the dynamic response of a high-static-low-dynamic stiffness vibration isolator

The dynamic response of a high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) isolator formed by parallelly connecting a negative stiffness corrector which uses compressed Euler beams to a linear isolator is investigated in this study. Considering stiffness and load imperfections, the resonance frequency and response of the proposed isolator are obtained by employing harmonic balance method. The HSLDS isolator with quasi-zero stiffness characteristics can offer the lowest resonance frequency provided that there is only stiffness or load imperfection. If load imperfection always exists, there is no need to make the stiffness to zero since it cannot provide the lowest resonance frequency any longer. The reason for this unusual phenomenon is given. The dynamic response will exhibit softening, hardening, and softening-to-hardening characteristics, depending on the combined effect of load imperfection, stiffness imperfection, and excitation amplitude. In general, load imperfection makes the response exhibit softening characteristic and increasing stiffness imperfection will weak this effect. Increasing the excitation level will make the isolator undergo complex switch between different stiffness characteristics.     

含稳定缺陷的简支梁在均布强动载荷作用下的刚塑性响应

本文分析了中间截面含缺陷的轴向可移简支梁在均布阶跃、脉冲和冲击载荷作用下的刚塑性动力响应,给出了整个响应过程封闭形式的完全解,讨论了耗散能量分配与缺陷参数的关系.本文的结果对确定结构的动态失效准则是有重要参考价值的.     

Development mechanism of local plastic buckling in bars subjected to axial impact

In order to clarify the developmental mechanism of the local plastic buckling and the interaction between axial wave and buckling deformation in an axially impacted slender-bar, the non-linear dynamic equations in the incremental form are derived and solved by use of the finite difference method, with the axial wave front treated as a moving boundary. The initial local-buckling deflection given by the characteristic-value analysis is used as the initial condition of the solution of the equations, instead of the initial imperfection that is assumed in literatures. It is found that the initial buckling deflection with one half-wave, occurring near the impacted end, develops into the higher post-buckling mode with several half-waves, as the axial compression waves propagate forward. The numerical results show that no strain reversal occurs at the early stage of post-buckling process, and the solution corresponding to the tangent-modulus theory is valid for the dynamic plastic post-buckling response of the bar at this stage. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature.     

含脱层损伤复合材料层合梁冲击动力响应实验研究

对纤维增强复合材料层合梁在受轴向冲击时的动力响应问题进行了实验研究。实验以单向玻璃纤维布和环氧树脂材料制作试件,在层间预埋薄铜箔模拟脱层损伤。采用激光测速仪测量子弹速度,动态应变仪和TDS420A数字示波器记录应变时程曲线进行动力响应分析。实验结果表明铺层角度是决定材料性能的主要原因,脱层损伤的存在及大小对动力响应和发生动力屈曲有重要影响。此外,初始缺陷的影响也是不可忽视的重要因素。     

Imperfection sensitivity of ultimate buckling strength of elastic-plastic square plates under compression

The mechanism of imperfection sensitivity of elastic-plastic plates under compression is complex as they undergo elastic and/or plastic buckling, dependent on their width-thickness ratio. For elastic buckling, the Koiter power law is an established means to describe the imperfection sensitivity. Yet, for plastic buckling, there is no such an established way to describe it. In this paper, the quadratic power law is advanced to describe imperfection-insensitive plastic buckling behavior. The Koiter power law is extended by implementing the quadratic law so as to describe the elastic and plastic buckling in a synthetic manner. The finite-displacement, elastic-plastic analysis was conducted on simply-supported square plates under compression by varying the plate thickness and the initial deflection of a sinusoidal form. In association with an increase of the plate slenderness parameter (decrease of plate thickness), the predominant buckling is shown to change from (1) plastic buckling to (2) unstable elastic-plastic buckling and to (3) elastic stable bifurcation followed by a maximum point of load. In accordance with the change of the mechanism of buckling, the power law is changed pertinently to describe the complex imperfection sensitivity of the compression plates in a synthetic manner. The extended imperfection sensitivity law is thus advanced as a simple and strong tool to describe the ultimate buckling strength of elastic-plastic plates.     

POST-BUCKLING AND IMPERFECTION SENSITIVITY OF A COLUMN WITH AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR CROSS-SECTION IN THE PLASTIC RANGE

The asymmetric initial post-buckling corresponding to the lowest bifurcation load andthe imperfection sensitivity are analysed in detail for a compressed simply supported column with anequilateral triangular cross-section in the plastic range.The effect of elastic unloading is taken into ac-count in the analysis.The asymptotic relations,including high order terms,among the load,the am-plitude of imperfection and the amplitude of the bifurcation mode are realized.The results show thatthe maximum supported load is very sensitive to imperfection.     

Suggestion of a new dimensionless number for dynamic plastic response of beams and plates

Summary A dimensionless number, termed response number in the present paper, is suggested for the dynamic plastic response of beams and plates made of rigid-perfectly plastic materials subjected to dynamic loading. It is obtained at dimensional reduction of the basic governing equations of beams and plates. The number is defined as the product of the Johnson's damage number and the square of the half of the slenderness ratio for a beam; the product of the damage number and the square of the half of the aspect ratio for a plate or membrane loaded dynamically. Response number can also be considered as the ratio of the inertia force at the impulsive loading to the plastic limit load of the structure. Three aspects are reflected in this dimensionless number: the inertia of the applied dynamic loading, the resistance ability of the material to the deformation caused by the loading and the geometrical influence of the structure on the dynamic response. For an impulsively loaded beam or plate, the final dimensionless deflection is solely dependent upon the response number. When the secondary effects of finite deflections, strain-rate sensitivity or transverse shear are taken into account, the response number is as useful as in the case of simple bending theory. Finally, the number is not only suitable to idealized dynamic loads but also applicable to dynamic loads of general shape. Received 17 October 1997; accepted for publication 19 March 1998     

Dynamic Stability Problems of Anisotropic Cylindrical Shells via a Simplified Analysis

An analytical–numerical method involving a small number of generalized coordinates is presented for the analysis of the nonlinear vibration and dynamic stability behaviour of imperfect anisotropic cylindrical shells. Donnell-type governing equations are used and classical lamination theory is employed. The assumed deflection modes approximately satisfy simply supported boundary conditions. The axisymmetric mode satisfying a relevant coupling condition with the linear, asymmetric mode is included in the assumed deflection function. The shell is statically loaded by axial compression, radial pressure and torsion. A two-mode imperfection model, consisting of an axisymmetric and an asymmetric mode, is used. The static-state response is assumed to be affine to the given imperfection. In order to find approximate solutions for the dynamic-state equations, Hamiltons principle is applied to derive a set of modal amplitude equations. The dynamic response is obtained via numerical time-integration of the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear behaviour under axial parametric excitation and the dynamic buckling under axial step loading of specific imperfect isotropic and anisotropic shells are simulated using this approach. Characteristic results are discussed. The softening behaviour of shells under parametric excitation and the decrease of the buckling load under step loading, as compared with the static case, are illustrated.     

PERTURBATION ANALYSIS FOR MAGNETO-PLASTIC INSTABILITY OF FERROMAGNETIC BEAM-PLATES WITH GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTION

The magneto-plastic instability of a ferromagnetic beam-type plate with simple supports and small initial imperfection is analytically investigated in this paper for that the plastic deformation of the plate with a linear-strain hardening relation is co…     

直杆中应力波传播引起的分叉问题

讨论轴向矩形脉冲载荷作用下有限长理想弹性直杆中应力波的传播及其反射引起的分叉问题，讨论此类动力屈曲问题中横向惯性效应的影响；理论分析始终遵循着这样的思路：在分叉的那一瞬间，杆并没有横向惯性效应，目的是给出此类问题的一个合理提法，从理论分析和数值计算中得到了许多重要的结论，理论分析所遵循的思路和所采用的方法对各类结构由于应力波的传播及反射引起的分叉问题具有一定的意义．     

Hutchinson模型的塑性后分叉和缺陷敏感性

本文通过对Ｈｕｔｃｈｉｎｓｏｎ模型的初始塑性后分叉和缺陷敏感性的分析，介绍了一个分析塑性后屈曲的一般方法，这一方法非常类似Ｋｏｉｎｔｅｒ的弹性后屈曲理论。用这一方法分析缺陷敏感性和初始后分叉的过程是一致的，所得展开在渐近的意义上是精确的，和数值解符合得相当好。     

The stiffness and strength of the gyroid lattice

Recently, a nanoscale lattice material, based upon the gyroid topology has been self-assembled by phase separation techniques (Scherer et al., 2012) and prototyped in thin film applications. The mechanical properties of the gyroid are reported here. It is a cubic lattice, with a connectivity of three struts per joint, and is bending-dominated in its elasto-plastic response to all loading states except for hydrostatic: under a hydrostatic stress it exhibits stretching-dominated behaviour. The three independent elastic constants of the lattice are determined through a unit cell analysis using the finite element method; it is found that the elastic and shear modulus scale quadratically with the relative density of the lattice, whereas the bulk modulus scales linearly. The plastic collapse response of a rigid, ideally plastic gyroid lattice is explored using the upper bound method, and is validated by finite element calculations for an elastic-ideally plastic lattice. The effect of geometrical imperfections, in the form of random perturbations to the joint positions, is investigated for both stiffness and strength. It is demonstrated that the hydrostatic modulus and strength are imperfection sensitive, in contrast to the deviatoric response. The macroscopic yield surface of the imperfect lattice is adequately described by a modified version of Hill’s anisotropic yield criterion. The article ends with a case study on the stress induced within a gyroid thin film, when the film and its substrate are subjected to a thermal expansion mismatch.     

几何缺陷浅拱的动力稳定性分析

研究了几何缺陷对粘弹性铰支浅拱动力稳定性能的影响。从达朗贝尔原理和欧拉-贝努利假定出发推导了粘弹性铰支浅拱在正弦分布突加荷载作用下的动力学控制方程,并采用Galerkin截断法得到了可用龙格-库塔法求解的无量纲化非线性微分方程组。同时引入能有效追踪结构动力后屈曲路径的广义位移控制法,对含几何缺陷浅拱的响应曲线进行几何、材料双重非线性有限元分析。用这两种方法分析了前三阶谐波缺陷对浅拱动力稳定性能的影响,其中动力临界荷载由B-R准则判定。主要结论有:材料粘弹性使浅拱动力临界荷载增大且结构响应曲线与弹性情况差别很大;二阶谐波缺陷影响显著,它使动力临界荷载明显下降且使得浅拱粘弹性动力临界荷载可能低于弹性动力临界荷载。     

A Comment on the Low Speed Impact of a Clamped Beam by a Heavy Striker∗

ABSTRACT

An approximate theoretical analysis is presented for a rigid, perfectly plastic clamped beam struck transversely at the mid-span by a mass which produces Finite transverse displacements. An alternative quasi-static procedure is proposed for estimating the dynamic plastic response of a beam when struck by a heavy mass that travels at a low speed. The theoretical basis of this method is explained and the accuracy is examined by an error analysis. Finally, it is suggested that this quasi-static procedure could be used for estimating the dynamic plastic response of other structures that are struck by a heavy mass traveling at a low speed,     

Dynamic plastic response of foil gages

Little research has been devoted to the accuracy of the response of resistance strain gages to dynamic plastic strain because of the lack of an easy-to-use comparative strain-measuring technique. The dynamic interferometric strain gage provides a suitable standard of comparison. Foil-gage response is compared directly with interferometric strain-gage response in a longitudinal-impact experiment. The accuracy of the foil gage does not decrease with increasing maximum strain (up to 8 percent). The error in shape of the strain wave does not vary drastically with distance from the point of impact. In contrast to previous work, foil gages are found to be reasonably accurate strain transducers for dynamic plastic strain.     

Buckling reliability evaluation of a clamped beam with random imperfections subjected to axial impact using probability density evolution method

Based on the generalized probability density evolution theory, the joint probability density function of impact responses and random factors, that is, random initial imperfection and load intensity for a clamped beam, is derived. And a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD)-based numerical scheme is employed to obtain the numerical solutions. With given threshold values, the dynamic reliability is assessed in terms of a bilateral displacement criterion. Two numerical examples are then presented to demonstrate the proposed method. One is a clamped beam with random initial perfections subjected to a deterministic impulse load, and another is a clamped beam with a deterministic initial imperfection subjected to impact loading with a random amplitude. The predicted dynamic reliability is in good agreement with the result by Monte Carlo method.     

板片空间结构初始缺陷的动力稳定性影响分析

对板片空间结构体系的研究大都局限于静力载荷工况,结构在动力载荷作用下的稳定性及失效特征研究仍相对缺乏．板片空间钢结构先天存在各样缺陷,而缺陷对结构稳定性的影响不可忽略．本文引入拉丁超立方法,结合Budiansky-Roth 准则,提出适用于求解含初始缺陷结构动力临界荷载的方法,对板片空间结构初始缺陷的动力稳定性开展研究．研究表明,相比于其它抽样方法,拉丁超立方法能显著减少样本数,有效提高计算效率．针对典型的板片空间结构,施加不同方向的阶跃荷载,分析了节点位置偏差缺陷、杆件截面尺寸缺陷以及板片厚度缺陷对板片空间结构临界承载力的影响．结果显示,节点位置偏差缺陷对该结构临界承载力影响最为显著,其它两类缺陷影响甚微．     

Post-buckling dynamic behavior of periodically supported imperfect shells

A circular cylindrical shell, periodically supported and subjected to step-loading in the form of lateral or hydrostatic pressure, is studied. Using the time-dependent von Kármán-Donnell equations, its imperfection sensitivity is examined and a simple asymptotic expression for the dynamic buckling load, valid for small imperfections, is obtained. There is a simple relation, independent of the imperfection, between the dynamic and static buckling loads.     

Shear and Bending Response of a Rigid-Plastic Beam to Partly Distributed Blast-Type Loading

ABSTRACT

A study is undertaken on dynamic response of a simply supported rigid perfectly plastic beam that is subjected to partly distributed blast-type pressure loading. The beam material has finite shear strength and obeys a square yield criterion relating bending moment and transverse shear force. The transverse dynamic load is uniformly and symmetrically distributed over a middle portion of the span. Various patterns of deformation, which combine plastic bending and shear sliding, are obtained for a wide range of parameters, and the effects of transverse shear forces and time dependence of the dynamic pressure are examined.