Kinetic Aspect of the Life of Tensile Specimens: A Comparison of Two Approaches

This paper considers two approaches to estimating the life of specimens: kinetic strength theory and homogeneous nucleation theory. Using aluminum as an example, it is shown that homogeneous nucleation theory overestimates the real life of tensile metal specimens by two order of magnitude and gives values close to the theoretical strength of metals. The use of experimental data on the lifetime of a superheated and stretched liquid (hexane) allows one to couple both approaches taking into account the time scale of occurrence of metastability.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 100–105, September–October, 2005.     

Spectral Problem for Shells with Fluid

Variational eigenvalue equations describing vibrations of orthotropic shells containing an ideal incompressible fluid are obtained. The vibration frequencies are assumed to be small, which makes it possible to use linear equations and to consider the boundary of the wet surface of the shell to be unchanged. The equations of anisotropic shells are based on the linear relations of multifield theory, which allows to obtain a more accurate model of anisotropic shells that satisfies the conditions of the finite-element method. The fluid flow is considered irrotational and is described using the Laplace equation. A finite-element algorithm is designed to determine the natural frequencies and modes of vibrations of an arbitrary multilayer orthotropic shell of revolution which is partially filled with an ideal incompressible fluid. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 128–135, November–December, 2005.     

桁架结构稳定分析的几何非线性欧拉稳定理论

目前,桁架结构稳定分析有两个理论:经典的特征值理论和几何非线性临界点理论。前者发展较早,在许多结构力学书中都有叙述。但是经过工程应用检验,它过高地估计了结构抗稳定的能力。后者是20年前提出的,提出者认为适用于所有的扁桁架。经过几年的研究,作者连续提出三个稳定理论:线性与非线性欧拉理论;非线性临界点-欧拉理论和两个计算方法,进行桁架结构的线性和非线性截面优化设计。经过理论研究和对前人文献中数值例题的计算和比较,发现特征值理论不符合实际,临界点理论只适用于大扁度的桁架,而不适用于一切扁桁架。研究结果提供了若干有用的结论,给出了各种稳定理论的适用范围,指出了国际文献中若干例题的正确和错误,补充了桁架结构的稳定分析理论,使之更为完整和实用了。     

General Constitutive Equations of an ER Suspension Based on the Internal Variable Theory

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不同理论下广义压电热弹性问题的有限元求解

基于G-L和L-S广义压电热弹性理论研究了无限大厚压电板在上下表面受到条带状热冲击时的广义压电热弹性问题。在时间非常短的情况下，为避免积分变换求解带来的精度丢失，采用有限元方法对问题在时间域进行直接求解，获得压电板在热冲击作用下的温度、位移、应力及电势等，并将结果与经典压电热弹性理论进行比较。结果表明，直接求解方法可以准确描述热在介质中以有限的速度传播。     

A two variable refined plate theory for the bending analysis of functionally graded plates

Bending analysis of functionally graded plates using the two variable refined plate theory is presented in this paper.The number of unknown functions involved is reduced to merely four,as against five in other shear deformation theories. The variationally consistent theory presented here has, in many respects,strong similarity to the classical plate theory. It does not require shear correction factors,and gives rise to such transverse shear stress variation that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness and satisfy shear stress free surface conditions.Material properties of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction with their distributions following a simple power-law in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents.Governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacements, and a closed-form solution is found for a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to sinusoidal loading by using the Navier method.Numerical results obtained by the present theory are compared with available solutions,from which it can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in analyzing the static bending behavior of functionally graded plates.     

变形体非协调理论的理性理论

本文介绍Noll和Wang等人用理性力学观点建立的变形体非协调理论(即缺陷的连续统理论)。这理论表明,本构方程完全确定物质流形的几何结构。因而,几何结构是理论的自然结果,而不是作为理论出发点的最初假设。      

一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型

岩土类材料强度理论分为单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论。三类强度理论的典型代表是Mohr -Coulomb强度理论、Drucker-Prager准则和双剪强度理论。单剪强度理论、三剪强度理论和双剪强度理论都有其相应的单元模型 ,分析单元体上对单元体破坏起主要作用的应力 ,建立各应力分量之间的数学关系 ,形成岩土类材料的强度理论。本文分析岩石围压试验和真三轴试验下的破坏及强度特征 ,提出一种适合于岩石材料的双剪模型 ,与三类强度理论建模方法相同 ,可以得出一系列新的强度理论     

钻孔爆破中炮孔堵塞效果及堵塞长度的研究

基于炮孔爆破的特点,利用爆破理论和应力波理论,分析了炮孔堵塞物的作用机理、受力情况及在炮孔中的运动过程,推导出了炮孔堵塞长度的计算公式,并在此基础上对炮孔堵塞及堵塞对爆破效果的影响进行了实验,实验结果表明了钻孔爆破中炮孔堵塞的重要性和必要性．研究结论可为爆破参数设计提供理论依据．     

现代土力学的基本问题

现代土力学可望在今后３０年内建成基本框架，其主要内容将包括新一代的本构模型及一个变形理论和两个破坏理论．本文介绍了作者对这些问题的今后研究重点及发展方向的一些看法．     

Ergodization rates for linear flow on the torus

We estimate the rate at which the image of a point fills the flat Euclidean -torus when subjected to linear flow satisfying certain nonresonance or near-nonresonance conditions arising naturally in perturbation theory for ODEs. The estimates are explicit and display dependence on all relevant parameters but are not sharp. These results were used to estimate the maximum time until near-collision with nuclei for highly energetic charged particles traveling through crystals in directions far from channeling directions and are presented here with complete proofs.     

现代结构系统可靠性分析理论发展概况及若干应用

本文概述了现代结构系统可靠性分析理论的发展历史、动向和存在的问题。简要分析了FTA和PISA两大工程可靠性分析学派所采用的分析方法的属性、特点和适用范围。从实用的角度出发,对目前欧美各国飞机、船舶、压力容器和民用建筑设计中广泛使用的细节可靠性分析与设计方法作了综合评介,并根据近年来的发展情况,对这门新兴学科未来的发展与应用前景作了粗线条的预测。      

Numerical modelling of the stability of loaded shells of revolution containing fluid flows

A mixed finite-element algorithm is proposed to study the dynamic behavior of loaded shells of revolution containing a stationary or moving compressible fluid. The behavior of the fluid is described by potential theory, whose equations are reduced to integral form using the Galerkin method. The dynamics of the shell is analyzed with the use of the variational principle of possible displacements, which includes the linearized Bernoulli equation for calculating the hydrodynamic pressure exerted on the shell by the fluid. The solution of the problem reduces to the calculation and analysis of the eigenvalues of the coupled system of equations. As an example, the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the dynamic behavior of shells of revolution containing a moving fluid is studied under various boundary conditions. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 185–195, March–April, 2008     

Correlation between the crossover modulus and the molecular weight distribution using the Doi-Edwards theory of reptation and the Rouse theory

The crossover modulus in the dynamic mechanical spectrum was linked with the molecular weight distribution (MWD) over a wide range of polydispersity ( = 1 to 6). Reasonable agreement was obtained between theory and experiment for near monodisperse and narrow MWD polymers using the Doi-Edwards theory of reptation. For broad MWD polymers, the Doi-Edwards theory was found to be inapplicable. Using the Doi-Edwards theory for the shorter chains and a Rouse type mechanism for the longer chains, a good fit was obtained between the calculated and experimentally measured crossover modulus values.     

复合型紊流润滑理论模式的研究

对复合型紊流润滑理论模式和国际上通用的几种紊流润滑理论模式进行比较研究,针对纯Ｃｏｕｅｔｔｅ流动和兼有压力梯度与剪切运动的复杂流动２种流场,用各种紊流润滑模式进行计算分析,并与不同雷诺数下时均速度的现有试验数据对比,研究表明：与其它紊流模式比较,复合型紊流润滑模式能准确分析不同工况的流场,与试验数据最为吻合;在低雷诺数下,复合型紊流模式由于理论基础的坚实性,仍能很好地适用,当用于既有高雷诺数又有低     

考虑尺度效应的微梁静态弯曲数值分析

基于修正偶应力理论及表面弹性理论,本文提出了一种新的双曲线剪切变形梁模型,用于均匀微尺度梁的静态弯曲分析。该理论可以直接利用本构关系获得横向剪切应力,满足梁顶部和底部的无应力边界条件,避免了引入剪切修正因子。根据广义Young-Laplace方程建立了梁的内部与表面层的应力连续性条件,单一的变量场可以描述梁的位移模式。通过在位移场中考虑表面层厚度以及表面层的应力连续条件,可以使新模型能够更准确地预测微尺寸和表面能相关的尺度效应。通过Hamilton原理推导出了梁的控制方程和边界条件。应变能除了考虑经典弹性理论,还要考虑微结构效应和表面能。Navier-type的解析解适用于简支边界条件,而基于拉格朗日插值的微分求积法(DQEM)可以研究在不同边界条件下的力学响应。把该数值解与Navier方法得出的解析解作了对比,得出:微尺度梁在考虑表面能或微尺寸效应、不同载荷和梁高变化下的响应一致;当不考虑微结构相关性和表面能效应时,该模型退化为经典的欧拉梁模型。     

The equations of Reissner-Mindlin plates obtained by the method of internal constraints

The aim of this paper is to give the title theory of shearable plates a precise and exact position with respect to three-dimensional linear elasticity. We assume that the Reissner-Mindlin representation of the displacement field hold in a 3-D body in the shape of a plate, and discuss how a constitutive response consistent with such a representation should be chosen. We find that the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory results from mere integration over the thickness of the equilibrium equations of a cylindrical body made of a linearly elastic material which is both transversely inextensible and transversely isotropic.

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Sommario Scopo di questo articolo è fornire una deduzione esatta, nell'ambito dell'elasticità lineare tridimensionale, della teoria delle piastre deformabili a taglio menzionata nel titolo. Ammesso che la rappresentazione di Reissner-Mindlin per il campo di spostamento valga in una regione tridimensionale a forma di piastra, si discute come scegliere la risposta costitutiva in maniera coerente con quella rappresentazione. Si trova che la teoria delle piastre di Reissner-Mindlin si ottiene per semplice integrazione sullo spessore delle equazioni di equilibrio di un corpo cilindrico che sia costituito di un materiale linearmente elastico tanto trasversalmente inestensibile che trasversalmente isotropo.

     

Nonlinear Boundary Conditions in Kirchhoff-Love Plate Theory

Most of the derivations of the mechanical behavior of a plate as the limit behavior of a three-dimensional solid whose thickness tends to zero deal with stationary homogeneous linear boundary conditions on the lateral boundary. Here, in the framework of small strains, we rigorously determine a large class of steady-state or transient nonlinear boundary conditions which provide asymptotic kinematics of Kirchhoff-Love type.