超晶格多层膜的电化学制备、表征及其GMR特性的研究

以半导体Si为衬底,电化学沉积Cu/Co超晶格多层膜,用SEM表征多层膜的断面形貌.XRD研究表明,多层膜的调制波长为20～160 nm时,膜层间发生外延生长.随着调制波长的减小,外延生长对膜层结构的影响越来越明显.当调制波长小于20 nm时,在XRD强衍射峰的两侧出现卫星峰,表明多层膜形成超晶格结构.根据卫星峰位置计算的调制波长与由法拉第定律估算的结果非常接近.多层膜的巨磁电阻(GMR)性能随多层膜周期数的增加而增大;当周期数大于300时,GMR性能基本上不再随周期数变化,说明基体的导电性质对GMR的影响可以忽略.     

Poly(MAA-Mn) for Triple-Layer Structure Synthesis of ZnS/ZnS:Mn/SiO2 Phosphors

Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as a manganese carrier to prepare ZnS/MAA-Mn particles, and ZnS/ZnS:Mn phosphors were formed from ZnS/MAA-Mn by ion substitution through heat treatment. After silica coating on surface by chemical precipitation method with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ZnS/ZnS:Mn/SiO₂ phosphors were prepared successfully as a new core/shell structure compound. The thickness of layers was controlled by adjusting concentrations of manganese (II) acetate (Mn(CH₃COO)₂) and TEOS. Structure, morphology, and composition of prepared phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnS with different Mn²⁺ content were analyzed by PL spectrometer. PL emission intensity and PL stability were analyzed for evaluating effects of silica coating and Mn²⁺ activator doping. As a result, the structure of two layers could be observed, and optimum composition of ZnS/ZnS:Mn/SiO₂ structure was also obtained.     

纳米ZnS在KGM-AE高分子模板中的可控制备与光限幅性能研究

设计了一种新的乙酸酐改性魔芋葡苷聚糖(KGM-AE)作为高分子模板，通过调节模板剂的改性度、模板剂溶液浓度以及Zn²⁺离子浓度，探讨了ZnS纳米粒子形成的机理，制备出了大小及形貌可控的纳米ZnS。利用IR、ICP-AES、XRD、TEM等对ZnS结构进行了表征，并测定了纳米ZnS光限幅性能，结果显示纳米ZnS溶液均呈现出明显的光限幅性能。     

(SBA-15)-ZnS主-客体纳米复合材料的制备与表征

本研究在SBA-15分子筛孔道中制备了纳米ZnS。Zn_{2+首先通过离子交换交换到SBA-15中,通过水热法在SBA-15分子筛孔道中制备了纳米ZnS。(SBA-15)-ZnS复合物由粉末X-线衍射,傅立叶变换红外光谱,低温氮气吸附-解析附技术,固体扩散漫反射光谱以及发光研究进行了表征。粉末X-线衍射研究说明在制备主-客体纳米复合材料中分子筛骨架未被制备过程所破坏,保持完整且结晶度仍很高。傅立叶变换红外光谱表明制备的材料骨架完好。77 K低温氮气吸附-解析附研究表明所制备的复合材料孔体积,孔尺寸以及表面积相对于SBA-15分子筛降低,证明客体ZnS已成功地组装入分子筛孔道中。所制备的纳米复合材料固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱相对于体相ZnS显示出蓝移表明,ZnS已限制在分子筛的孔道中且复合材料中分子筛的孔道对ZnS具有明显的立体限域效应,ZnS成功地组装在SBA-15分子筛的孔道中。发光研究表明,(SBA-15)-ZnS样品出现明显发光现象。主-客体复合材料具有良好的发光性能,有望在发光材料领域中获得应用。}     

硫化锌与硫化锌/氧化锌异质结纳米线的化学气相沉积法制备与表征

介绍一种利用石墨还原快速制备大量硫化锌纳米线的方法,并分别合成了超晶格型、双轴型、核/壳型的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结纳米线。所合成的硫化锌纳米线存在六方纤锌矿和立方闪锌矿两种晶型,纳米线长度达几十微米,直径在20-50 nm,直径均匀且产量很高。在具有双轴型的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结中,首次发现具有超结构特征的氧化锌。HRTEM分析表明,硫化锌/氧化锌超晶格异质结界面为ZB-ZnS(111)∥ZnO(0001),而核/壳型异质结界面为W-ZnS(0001)∥ZnO(0001),这三个晶面分别为各自晶体的极性面,即所合成的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结中极性面相互平行。对ZnS 和ZnS/ZnO 异质结的生长机制进行了探讨,并对硫化锌纳米线与硫化锌/氧化锌异质结的光学性质进行了分析。     

The Site Symmetry of Eu~(3 ) in ZnS:Eu Nanoparticle

IntroductionNanosizedZnSmaterialsdopedornotdopedwithimpuritieshavebeenpreparedandstudiedl3.Chenandhiscoworkers4studiedandreportedthethermoluminescence(TL)ofZnSnanoparticles.TheyfoundthatboththeTLandthesurfacefluorescenceincreaseastheparticlesizeisdecreased,andtheTLisrelatedtothesurfacestates.Mn-dopedZnSnanoparticlesyieldthebestexternalphotoluminescentquantumefficiencyofabout18%atroomtemperatureandluminescentdecaytimeisatleastfiveordersofmagnitudefasterthanthatofthecorrespondingMn2 radiat…     

Synthesis and characterisation of lamellar ZnS nanosheets containing intercalated diamines

A solvothermal method has been used to prepare hybrid inorganic–organic composites with a lamellar structure in which layers of wurtzite ZnS are separated by intercalated diamine molecules. A hybrid composite prepared with diethylenetriamine has been isolated and characterised and its structure and properties compared with those of the composite prepared using ethylenediamine. Comparative structural and morphological studies of the two lamellar hybrid composites are described on the basis of powder XRD, electron and scanning probe microscopies and thermal analysis of the materials.     

Synergistic effect of ZnS outer layers and electrolyte methanol content on efficiency in TiO(2)/CdS/CdSe sensitized solar cells

The effect of methanol content in water based polysulfide electrolytes in TiO(2)/CdS/CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) prepared by the SILAR method was studied. In addition, the effect of coating the mesoporous QD sensitized films with ZnS outer layers was investigated. Charge recombination reactions were measured using time resolved spectroscopic measurements. These studies reveal a synergistically beneficial effect from using ZnS layers and methanol in the polysulfide electrolyte on the control of charge transfer processes within these devices and ultimately on overall cell performance.     

Pulsed Laser Deposition ZnS Buffer Layers for CIGS Solar Cells

Polycrystalline ZnS films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition （PLD） on quartz glass substrates under different growth conditions at different substrate temperatures of 20, 200, 400, and 600 ℃, which is a suitable alternative to chemical bath deposited （CBD） CdS as a buffer layer in Cu（In,Ga）Se2 （CIGS） solar cells. X-ray diffraction studies indicate the films are polycrystalline with zinc-blende structure and they exhibit preferential orientation along the cubic phase β-ZnS （111） direction, which conflicts with the conclusion of wurtzite structure by Murali that the ZnS films deposited by pulse plating technique was polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. The Raman spectra of grown films show Al mode at approximately 350 cm^-1, generally observed in the cubic phase β-ZnS compounds. The planar and the cross-sectional morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopic. The dense, smooth, uniform grains are formed on the quartz glass substrates through PLD technique. The grain size of ZnS deposited by PLD is much smaller than that of CdS by conventional CBD method, which is analyzed as the main reason of detrimental cell performance. The composition of the ZnS films was also measured by X-ray fluorescence. The typical ZnS films obtained in this work are near stoichiometric and only a small amount of S-rich. The energy band gaps at different temperatures were obtained by absorption spectroscopy measurement, which increases from 3.2 eV to 3.7 eV with the increasing of the deposition temperature. ZnS has a wider energy band gap than CdS （2.4 eV）, which can enhance the blue response of the photovoltaic cells. These results show the high-quality of these substitute buffer layer materials are prepared through an all-dry technology, which can be used in the manufacture of CIGS thin film solar cells.     

Effect of layer thickness on the luminescence properties of ZnS/CdS/ZnS quantum dot quantum well

ZnS/CdS/ZnS quantum dot quantum well was prepared. The optical properties of ZnS/CdS/ZnS QDQW with different thickness of CdS well and ZnS shell were studied. Absorption spectra, emission spectra, and luminescence lifetimes were measured. The observed luminescence was assigned to the bulk donor-acceptor pair recombination of CdS and can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the CdS well or coating an appropriate thickness of ZnS shell on the surface of the CdS well. The luminescence enhancement was caused by the relative reduce in the surface effect. The luminescence lifetimes were influenced strongly by the surface state.     

ZnS nanosheets: Egg albumin and microwave-assisted synthesis and optical properties

ZnS nanosheets were prepared via egg albumin and microwave-assisted method. The phases, crystalline lattice structures, morphologies, chemical and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field-emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and fluorescence(FL) spectrometer and growth mechanism of ZnS nanosheets was investigated. The results showed that all samples were pure cubic zinc blende with polycrystalline structure. The width of ZnS nanosheets with a rectangular nanostructure was in the range of 450–750 nm. The chemical interaction existed between egg albumin molecules and ZnS nanoparticles via the amide/carboxylate group. The band gap value calculated was 3.72 eV. The band at around 440 nm was attributed to the sulfur vacancies of the ZnS nanosheets. With increasing volumes of egg albumin, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of ZnS samples firstly increased and then decreased, attributed to concentration quenching.     

Effect of Organoclays on Silicate Layer Structures and Thermal Stabilities of in-situ Polymerized Poly(D-lactide)/Clay Nanocomposites

Six kinds of organoclays were prepared through three kinds of polyols (PTMG, PEA and PCL) to investigate the effects of molecular weight and the chemical structure of organifiers. PTMG based organoclays showed higher ion-exchanged fraction than other organoclays and long chain organifier showed better efficiency in ion-exchanged fraction in the case of PTMG based organifiers. From WAXD and TEM analysis, it was confirmed that PTMG based organoclays formed partially exfoliated or fully exfoliated silicate layer structures. PDLA/clay nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ ring-opening polymerization of D-lactide with PTMG based organoclays as macro-initiators in the presence of equimolar Sn(Oct)₂/PPh₃ complex catalysts. The molecular weight of PDLA/clay nanocomposite decreased as increasing the feeding amount of organoclay because organoclay had hydroxyl terminal groups which can initiate the ring-opening polymerization of D-lactide. From TGA analysis, thermal stabilities of PDLA/clay nanocomposites improved with increasing organoclay content. From WAXD and TEM analysis, organoclay which was prepared by high molecular weight of PTMG based organifier was effective on the exfoliation of silicate layers in the in-situ polymerized PDLA/clay nanocomposite.     

羧基氟碳共聚物纤维光催化剂载体的制备与耐光降解

通过溶液聚合法合成了聚(丙烯酸六氟丁酯-co-甲基丙烯酸)(P(HFBA-co-MAA))和聚(甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯-co-甲基丙烯酸)(P(DFHMA-co-MAA))羧基氟碳共聚物. 静电纺丝实验结果表明,随着 MAA 用量的减少,两种氟碳共聚物的可纺性逐渐变差,相应的纺丝液的浓度也逐渐降低,所用溶剂的极性和沸点呈现降低的趋势;当配制纺丝液所用低沸点溶剂丁酮用量增大时,所得纤维的直径呈增加趋势;P(DFHMA-co-MAA) 的可纺性优于 P(HFBA-co-MAA). 采用两步法在 P(DFHMA-co-MAA)共聚物纤维表面制备光催化剂 ZnS,XPS 结果表明锌离子先与共聚物纤维表面的羧酸根离子络合,然后络合的锌离子再与硫源 TAA 反应形成 ZnS. MAA 用量高的共聚物纤维表面形成的 ZnS 量与粒子尺寸较大,MAA 用量为 10 wt% 时,共聚物纤维表面形成了纳米级的 ZnS 粒子,通过紫外降解实验和红外分析表明制备的 ZnS/P(DFHMA-co-MAA)纤维复合物具有很好的耐紫外光降解性能.     

Preparation and characterization of transparent conducting ZnS:Al films

Al-doped ZnS films were deposited using close-spaced evaporation of the powders synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The films were prepared for different Al concentrations in the range 0–10 at.% on glass substrates kept at 300 °C. The effect of Al-doping on ZnS composition, microstructure and optoelectronic properties of as-grown ZnS layers was determined using appropriate techniques. The films were polycrystalline and showed (111) preferred orientation for all the doping concentrations in spite of an additional phase of Al₂S₃ observed at higher dopant levels. The surface morphological studies indicated that the Al incorporation had a considerable effect on the surface roughness of the films. The optical measurements indicated that the optical energy band gap decreased slightly with the increase of dopant concentration without affecting the optical transmittance characteristics significantly. The electrical analysis indicated that the resistivity of the layers changed significantly with the doping concentration in the layers. The change of photoluminescence behaviour of the as-grown ZnS:Al films with dopant concentration was also studied.     

Surface chemistry studies of (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots at the air-water interface

Trioctylphosphine oxide- (TOPO-) capped (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were prepared through a stepwise synthesis. The surface chemistry behavior of the QDs at the air-water interface was carefully examined by various physical measurements. The surface pressure-area isotherm of the Langmuir film of the QDs gave an average diameter of 4.4 nm, which matched very well with the value determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements if the thickness of the TOPO cap was counted. The stability of the Langmuir film of the QDs was tested by two different methods, compression/decompression cycling and kinetic measurements, both of which indicated that TOPO-capped (CdSe)ZnS QDs can form stable Langmuir films at the air-water interface. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed the two-dimensional aggregation of the QDs in Langmuir films during the early stage of the compression process. However, at high surface pressures, the Langmuir film of QDs was more homogeneous and was capable of being deposited on a hydrophobic quartz slide by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film technique. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the LB films. The PL intensity of the LB film of QDs at the first emission maximum was found to increase linearly with increasing number of layers deposited onto the hydrophobic quartz slide, which implied a homogeneous deposition of the Langmuir film of QDs at surface pressures greater than 20 mN.m(-1).     

Facile Fabrication of Porous ZnS and ZnO Films by Coaxial Electrospinning for Highly Efficient Photodegradation of Organic Dyes

Porous ZnS and ZnO nano‐crystal films were fabricated via a three‐step procedure. First, Zn(CH₃COO)₂/Silk Fibroin nanofiber mats were prepared by coaxial electrospinning. Second, Zn(CH₃COO)₂/Silk Fibroin mats were immersed in NaS solution to react with S²⁻ to obtain ZnS/Silk Fibroin nanofiber mats. Finally, ZnO porous films were prepared by calcination of ZnS/Silk Fibroin composite mat at 600°C in air atmosphere. When ZnS/Silk Fibroin mats were calcinated in nitrogen, ZnS/Carbon composite mats were obtained accordingly. The resulting porous films were fully characterized. The ZnO porous films were the aggregation of ZnO nano‐crystal with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The seize of ZnO was estimated in the range of 10–20 nm. Both of the ZnS and ZnO nano‐crystal films exhibited high photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B. It was also found that ZnO porous films are better than ZnS/Carbon nanofiber mats. In addition, photocatalysis of a real wastewater sample from a printing and dyeing company was conducted. The ZnO porous films exhibited excellent performance to treat the real samples. Moreover, the porous ZnO nano‐crystal photocatalyst could easily be recycled without notable loss of catalysis ability.     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的制备与光学特性

CdS and CdS/ZnS core-shell structure nano particles were synthesized in micro emulsion, and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV absorption spectra and PL. The average diameter of CdS was about 3.3 nm, and CdS/ZnS core-shell structure was confirmed by XRD and UV. Considering the optical properties of CdS/ZnS core-shell structure nanoparticles which have different ZnS shell thickness, the UV absorption edge of CdS/ZnS becomes as lightred-shift with the thickness of ZnS layer increasing, and the absorption of shortwave band is strongly enhanced at the same time. The PL spectra indicate that ZnS shell layer can greatly eliminate surface defects of CdS nanoparticles and make its band-edge directed recombination increased, and the luminous efficiency of CdS is improved greatly when it has appropriate shell thickness.     

Exploring the Interfacial Reaction of Nano Al/CuO Energetic Films through Thermal Analysis and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The effect of the interface layer on energy release in nanoenergetic composite films is important and challenging for the utilization of energy. Nano Al/CuO composite films with different modulation periods were prepared by magnetron sputtering and tested by differential scanning calorimetry. With the increase in the modulation period of the nano Al/CuO energetic composite films, the interface layer contained in the energetic composite film decreased meaningfully, increasing the total heat release meaningfully. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation were carried out to study the preparation process changes and related properties of the nano Al/CuO energetic composite films under different configurations at 400 K. The results showed that the diffusion of oxygen atoms first occurred at the upper and lower interfaces of CuO and Al, forming AlO_x and Cu_xAl_yO_z. The two-modulation-period structure changed more obviously than the one-modulation-period structure, and the reaction was faster. The propagation rate and reaction duration of the front end of the diffusion reaction fronts at the upper and lower interfaces were different. The Helmholtz free energy loss of the nano Al/CuO composite films with a two-modulation-period configuration was large, and the number of interfacial layers had a great influence on the Helmholtz free energy, which was consistent with the results of the thermal analysis. Current molecular dynamics studies may provide new insights into the nature and characteristics of fast thermite reactions in atomic detail.     

CdSe/ZnS量子点探针用于检测猪链球菌2型溶菌酶释放蛋白(MRP)抗原的新方法研究

合成了高发光效率的CdSe/ZnS量子点并制备了CdSe/ZnS量子点-溶菌酶释放蛋白(MRP)抗体探针, 利用凝胶电泳和分子光谱法研究了MRP抗体与CdSe/ZnS量子点的结合机理. 荧光光谱法优化了CdSe/ZnS量子点-MRP抗体探针制备的影响因素, 建立了一种测定MRP抗原的新方法, 其线性范围为5.0×10－8～1.5×10－6 mol/L, 线性相关系数为0.9976, 检测限为 1.9×10－8 mol/L.     

锰酸镧双层复合电极的制备和性能的研究

固体氧化物燃料电池（ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC）是一种很有希望的新型能源转换系统 .它具有能量转换效率高、可利用燃料范围广、低排放等普通热机所无法比拟的优点,已倍受人们的关注 .　　锶掺杂的锰酸镧（ La1－ xSrxMnO3, LSM）由于具有高的电子导电性和对氧还原的良好的电催化活性,以及它和钇稳定的氧化锆（ YSZ）都有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,因此是目前广泛使用的阴极材料 .以 YSZ为固体电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池的一个主要缺点是操作温度太高（约为 1273 K）,如果把电池的操作温度降低到 873－ 1073 K,则…