数字散斑相关测量中亚像素位移测量方法的比较

本文介绍了数字散斑相关测量中确定亚像素位移的几种方法，包括对相关系数的插值、拟合以及基于图像梯度的两种方法，文中详细比较了这几种方法，并以计算结果的相对误差为依据，给出了这几种方法在应用中的参考选择标准。     

基于Haar小波变换的位移场测量方法

本文提出了一种应用小波变换对固体表面位移场进行测量的新方法，在图像分析时，用各点属于不同尺度的小波变换系数来表征该点周围的子区。将试件表面位移前后的两幅数字图像进行小波变换，通过变形前后两幅图像小波变换系数之间的相互匹配，使位移前后两幅图中的子区对应起来，从而确定图像的位移场。本文应用Haar小波变换进行了计算机模拟实验和实物位移实验。引入亚像素技术，获得了0．02的位移测量精度。     

单光束错位云纹干涉法测三维位移导数

本文提出了一种单光束错位云纹干涉法.该方法可以实现实时测量,并可自动消除刚体位移的影响.该方法可被用于现场和动态测量.     

单像素成像的数字光弹研究

数字光弹是光测力学中进行应力分析的重要方法,其核心是通过数字图像处理的方式确定等倾线和等差线参数并获得对应的相位图.传统的数字光弹使用面阵相机拍摄得到光弹性条纹图像,但是通常在特殊波段尤其是在非可见光波段中适用的面阵相机普遍比较昂贵、制造成本也相对较高.本文提出在数字光弹中引入一种具有低成本、高成像质量优势的成像方法—...     

图像相关位移测量中的预定位搜索法

本文研究了散斑图像中所包合的位移信息后，发现一般情况下，表征被测物体表面变形的位移只有几个像素，而刚体位移却比变形位移大的多、尤其是小视场时刚体位移可达几十个像素．于是，提出了一种直接越过刚体位移的预定位搜索方法，这一方法基本上克服了刚体位移，使相关搜索速度大为提高并通过实验证明了方法的有效性．     

单光束楔形镜云纹干涉法

本文利用单光束楔形镜云纹干涉法代替传统的双光束云纹干涉法进行位移场和应变场的测量.单光束云纹干涉法具有光路简单,不受环境干扰等特点.本文将云纹干涉法的波前理论与近代光学信息技术有机地结合起来,对单光束干涉系统进行了分析,得到了记录的光强和再现的位移应变公式.利用该系统,得到了三点弯矩形梁的全场位移条纹图和应变条纹图.     

材料热膨胀系数的激光散斑干涉测量方法

采用激光散斑干涉法测量材料的热变形，利用已知热膨胀系数的材料作为标准试件，无需对温差进行精密测量。在相对简单的实验设备条件下，得到较高精度的材料热膨胀系数。     

基于相位补偿的舰船升沉位移测量方法

为了解决舰船升沉信息测量过程中传统升沉数字滤波器存在输出信号相对于实际信号相位超前的问题,提出了一种基于相位估计与补偿的自适应滤波算法。分析了传统升沉数字滤波器输出相位超前的原因,采用加权傅里叶线性组合频率估计算法实时估计输入信号的频率,并设计自适应FIR滤波器对传统升沉数字滤波器的输出进行相位补偿。将自适应FIR滤波器与传统升沉数字滤波器的估算结果进行模拟实验对比。实验结果表明自适应FIR滤波器输出的升沉位移精度达到厘米级,有效提高了舰船升沉信息测量的准确性和实时性。     

数字图像相关中亚像素位移测量算法的研究

为提高位移测量精度而提出的各种亚像素位移测量算法被认为是数字图像相关方法 中的关键技术之一,详细了解已有各算法的性能无疑具有实际意义. 总结文献中3种 最常用的亚像素位移测量算法,首先用无噪声的计算机仿真散斑图对各算法的性能从计算精 度和计算效率两个方面进行了比较研究,并用实际实验图片对其性能做进一步的研究,结果 显示在图像子区大小相同的情况下,基于空域相关函数迭代的牛顿-拉普森方法计算结果最 为精确、稳定.     

测量温度和位移的光纤Fabry-Perot干涉仪

本文描述了两种光纤Fabry-Peort干涉仪的原理、结构和制造方法.采用光频调制方法用以辨别干涉时域条纹的移动方向,实现了对温度和位移的测量.另外还介绍了条纹计数检测的电路原理.     

基于匹配追踪算法的复合材料冲击损伤成像技术

基于Lamb波和匹配追踪算法,提出了一种损伤成像方法,对复合材料冲击损伤进行在线的连续监测。首先针对Lamb波监测的特点,提出了匹配追踪方法的快速实现方案,将信号分解为多个Chirplet原子的线性组合,建立了Lamb的弥散效应与Chirplet原子的调频斜率之间的关系,模拟结果表明Chirplet原子能准确地匹配失真变形的窄带脉冲信号;根据损伤前与损伤后的信号差别,提出了一种基于Lamb波能量特征差异提取的损伤指标;进一步采用改进的RAPID算法进行损伤成像,将损伤情况可视化。结果表明所提方法可行和有效。     

物体运动、变形及光波长变化时的激光散斑运动规律

被激光照明的漫射面,由漫反射在空间Fresnel区形成的光场,用Fresnel-Kirchhoff积分表示。利用统计的方法,考虑变化前后强度场的相关度,得到关于强度场变化的三个基本方程,从而导出了激光散斑运动的一般公式。考虑了散斑场的变化是由漫射物面运动和变形以及激光光波长变化所引起。     

In-plane and out-of-plane displacement measurement by ultrasonic speckle correlation method (USCM)

When an object moves, ultrasonic speckles backscattered from its surface will follow the object to move. From the Kirchhoff diffraction theory and the correlation principles of random signals, the necessary condition for keeping the correlativity between the speckle fields before and after the objective displacement was deduced. Based on this condition, the formulas for the relationship between the speckle displacement and the objective displacement were obtained. Practical measurement was performed. Ultrasonic digital speckle correlation method was used to measure the in-plane displacement and out-of-plane displacement of an object. The displacements of the objective surface were evaluated after the displacements of the speckles were determined.This method can be also used to measure the displacements of an inner objective surface. A mountain-climbing search method was proposed, which enabled us to find the maximum correlation coefficient in the correlation operation quickly and efficiently. The experimental results showed good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Laser speckle movement caused by surface deformation and light wavelength change

When a surface is illuminated by laser, the field of diffusing reflective light can be described by Fresnel-Kirchhoff integration in the region of Fresnel. If the correlation, before and after the change of intensity field, is analysed by statistical method, three governing equations for variations of intensity field and speckle movement formulas can be obtained. In these equations, the surface motion, deformation and wavelength change are all considered to cause the speckle movement. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

A new interferometric method for vibration measurement by electronic holography

Electronic holography is a well-established technique used in real-time, non-contact, whole-field displacement measurements. When using the real-time, time-averaged method for vibration measurments, the quantitative interpretation of dense fringe patterns is difficult because of speckle noise. Even when speckle-reducing procedures are used, such as multiple-frame averaging or rotation of the illumination beam, the remaining speckles and decreasing visibility of higher-order Bessel fringes are serious limitations. The primary objective of this paper is to present a new realtime, interferometric method for mechanical vibration measurements and the associated quantitative interpretation. The fringe pattern obtained by this method is quasi-binary and half as dense as in the time-averaged method. The method greatly improves the overall visibility (contrast, resolution) of vibration fringe patterns without any sacrifice in the real-time capabilities. Quantitative fringe interpretation is straightforward and based on binary fringe tracking. It allows quantitative measurements in situations where the time-averaged fringe processing fails.     

利用激光散斑相关的非接触式随机振动特性测量

所发展的测量随机振动的方法,是测量由物体表面一个点漫射形成的散斑场的相关统计特性.根据激光散斑运动规律,这个相关统计特性实时地反映该点的位移或转角的时间历程.由所记录的相关信息,通过频谱分析,可以得到运动的频城特性参数,这种方式是非接触式光测方法,对物体无任何附加质量的影响.本文以铜梁和钢梁为例.测量了冲击力作用下,梁的动态响应和频谱.     

基于激光陀螺自适应补偿的船体变形测量方法

基于长期变形、动态挠曲变形以及陀螺随机零偏的状态方程,构建了激光陀螺测量的惯性姿态匹配最优滤波器,可以实时地估计出船体变形角。针对实时估计的长期变形角具有偏置误差的问题,推导了惯性姿态匹配的误差方程,指出动态挠曲变形角与船体惯性姿态角之间具有长时间的交叉相关耦合作用导致了长期变形角估计具有偏置误差,并提出了对输入到最优滤波器的激光陀螺角增量进行自适应补偿的方法来抑制偏置误差。实验结果表明,补偿后俯仰角、横滚角和艏挠角的偏置误差均方根均小于5″,较补偿前降低均方根误差约为5″,该自适应补偿方法可有效地抑制偏置误差,提高惯性姿态匹配方法在船体变形测量应用中的有效性。     

Closed crack imaging using time reversal method based on fundamental and second harmonic scattering

A recent variant of time reversal imaging is employed for reconstructing images of a closed crack, based on both the fundamental and the second harmonic components of the longitudinal scattered field due to an incident longitudinal wave. The scattered field data are generated by a finite element model that includes unilateral contact with Coulomb friction between the crack faces to account for the Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity. The closure state of the crack is controlled by specifying a pre-stress between the crack faces. The knowledge of the scattered field at the fundamental (incident) frequency and the second harmonic frequency for multiple incident angles provides the required inputs for the imaging algorithm. It is shown that the image reconstructed from the fundamental harmonic closely matches the image that is obtained from scattering data in the absence of contact, although contact between the crack faces reduces the amplitude of the scattered field in the former case. The fundamental harmonic image is shown to provide very accurate estimates of crack length for low to moderate levels of pre-stress. The second harmonic image is also shown to provide acceptable estimates of crack length and the image is shown to correlate with the source location of second harmonic along the crack, which becomes increasingly localized near the crack tips for decreasing levels of pre-stress. The influence of the number of sensors on the image quality is also discussed in order to identify the minimum sensors number requirement. Finally, multiple frequency imaging is performed over a fixed bandwidth to assess the potential improvement of the imaging algorithm when considering broadband information.     

Deformation analysis of laser spectra based on S-R decomposition theorem

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