基于偏折光谱的非线性迭代层析数值模拟

模拟流场,校验自研发的偏折层析系统。根据光线偏折的光学原理,以及层析的数学、物理意义,研究开发了偏折层析程序。结合自研发的简单自相关代数迭代重建技术(simple self-correlative algebraic reconstruction technique：SSART),开发了一种新的层析系统,文章称“基于偏折光谱的非线性迭代层析系统”。用Gauss函数模拟复杂流场的一个切片,根据偏折层析算法计算该切片的偏折光谱,从偏折光谱中提取投影。采用SSART迭代重建算法重建截面。比较模拟重建结果与原场的差别,采用均方差 (mean-square error：MSE)和峰差(peak error：PE)指数标定重建效果,以检验算法的有效性。结果发现,应用开发的偏折层析程序,采用SSART迭代算法,能够精确重建模拟场,MSE稳定在0.000 09～0.000 11范围,PE稳定在0.007～0.013之间。因此,基于偏折光谱的非线性迭代层析系统能够根据偏折信息精确重建复杂流场。     

黑腔中高斯型激光束偏折的模拟研究

利用三维激光等离子体相互作用流体程序LAP3D数值模拟研究了高斯光束在均匀等离子体传播过程中的激光束偏折现象,分别考察了激光强度变化和等离子体横向流的流速变化对束偏折的影响。模拟结果表明:当流速接近离子声速时,激光束偏折效应最明显,此时激光偏折程度与激光强度成正比;当流速逐渐小于离子声速时,激光束偏折行为受抑制逐渐减弱;而当流速逐渐大于离子声速时,激光光强包络的变化以衍射效应为主。     

小入射角条件下气动光学成像偏移

针对超声速飞行器在大气中飞行时由于气动光学效应产生的成像偏移,推导了光线偏折角和流场折射率梯度之间的关系,给出了小入射角情况下,离散折射率场光线偏折角的一种计算方法;利用不同流场的计算流体力学数据计算出对应的折射率场;使用光线追迹法得到光线通过不同流场后的偏折角和传播路径上的折射率梯度分布。仿真结果表明,新的偏折角计算方法所得结果在入射角小于30°时与Runge-Kutta和Snell光线追迹法具有很好的一致性;同一高度下小入射角时,光线的偏折角并不随着飞行速度的增加而增加,而是基本保持稳定;光线通过流场的偏折是正负折射率梯度区域共同作用的结果,负的折射率梯度区域可以减少光线偏折,起到部分"校正"作用。     

基于标志点的三维拼接立体偏折法

立体偏折法作为一种非接触式镜面表面三维测量方法,近年来发展迅速。为了解决传统立体偏折法难以测量较大倾角曲面的问题,提出了一种基于标志点的三维拼接立体偏折法。先利用立体偏折法测量不同视角下的曲面子区域的三维点云,同时通过立体视觉测量样品台上标志点的三维坐标,使用标志点坐标进行粗拼接,再通过迭代最近点算法进行精拼接,最终重构出完整的三维面型。实际搭建了一套三维拼接立体偏折测量系统,测量了一个倾角25.8°的光滑凸球面反射镜,拼接后球面拟合误差在3μm以内。实验结果验证了方法的可行性,对立体偏折法应用于大口径和大倾角的复杂光学曲面三维测量具有借鉴意义。     

用于高温等离子体电子密度测量的摩尔偏折仪

 摩尔偏折测量术通过测量探针光束经过不均匀介质后光线的偏折来估算介质的折射率。基于这一理论,研制了实用的摩尔偏折仪,利用软X射线激光作为探针来探测高温高密等离子体的电子密度,结合软X射线激光实验做了初步的演示。     

多光束莫尔偏折术的探讨

探讨了莫尔偏折术应用的新方法——多光束莫尔偏折术。此法不测量条纹的偏折角,而是记录条纹最清晰时试件的位置。文章论述了其基本原理,并对光栅栅距和光楔楔角的测量进行实验论证,取得较好的结果。     

光束通过三棱镜的偏折情况再探讨

针对本科教学中学生关于三棱镜对光束偏折情况提出的疑惑,对光束通过三棱镜的多种偏折情况进行了详细分析,讨论了入射角、折射率、棱镜顶角对出射光线偏折方向的影响,给出了三棱镜的顶角和折射率的取值范围以及入射角的取值范围对光线是否能从出射边界射出,以及出射光线的偏折方向的影响,进一步讨论了光束的偏向角与三棱镜各参数之间的关系,给出了确定最小偏向角的简单方法.     

用于高温等离了体电子密度测量的摩尔偏折仪

摩尔偏折测量术通过测量探针光束经过不均匀介质后光线的偏折来估算介质的折射率。基于这一理论,研制了实用的摩尔偏折仪,利用软Ｘ射线激光作为探针来探测高温高密等离子体的电子密度,结合软Ｘ射线激光实验做了初步的演示。     

多光束莫尔偏折术的探讨

本文探讨了莫尔偏折术应用的新方法——多光束莫尔偏折术.该法无需测量莫尔条纹偏折角,而是记录条纹对比度最好时试件的位置.文章阐述了其基本原理,并在光栅栅距和光楔楔角测量上进行了实验验证,取得较好的结果.     

偏折层析的滤波反投影算法及误差分析

对偏折层析投影转换为相位层析投影的转换关系进行了分析,给出明晰的数学关系,并针对偏折层析的滤波反投影算法重建的结果进行误差分析。分析结果表明投影噪声对重建场的作用体现在与由偏折层析滤波反投影算法的滤波器有关的倾斜函数上。因此提出了改进的偏折层析滤波反投影算法,数值模拟表明,改进算法在有效抑制倾斜现象的同时,对重建结果不会造成明显的失真。在此基础上改进的算法被用于真实火箭燃气射流密度场的三维重建中。     

Deflection in higher-order gravitational lensing

The deflection of light rays by rotating gravitational lens is considered in the framework of higher-order gravitational theory. The bending angle of light is derived. The effect of the massive scalar and tensor components of higher-order gravitational field as well as the gravito-magnetic on light deflection are discussed.     

Classical and quantum scattering by a gravitational center

The corrections to the leading term of the small-angle deflection of a classical particle by the Schwarzschild field and its linear approximation were found. The corresponding cross sections were obtained. The comparison with known in Born approximation cross sections for quantum massless particles of spins 0, 1, and 2 shows that only the leading term in all cases is the same. As the conditions for classical treatment are well fulfilled, this means that the classical results are much more accurate than the quantum one in Born approximation. The fact that the photon cross section is always smaller than that of massless scalar particle (both in Born approximation) suggests that with small probability (at least of order of the difference of these cross sections) the photon can fly by the Sun without deflection. The deflection of light, observable at a final distance from the Sun, is also considered and it is shown that measurements at the distances of several Sun’s radii will decide which coordinate system is the privileged one.     

光束偏转信号灵敏度的分析

激光光束编转法是一种非接触的探测技术。本文从理论上分析了光速偏转信号的灵敏度的基本限制。并给出了一种提高信号对光速偏转灵敏度的方法。     

计算光在引力场中偏折的新方法

利用光的量子论,能量守恒及弱等效原理得出电磁波传播在几何近似下,光线在引力场中的偏转角和波矢的关系. 利用引力场中电磁波方程,在弱场近似下给出了一般的计算光线偏转角度的方法. 具体计算了Schwarzchild引力场中光线的偏折及Kerr-Newman引力场中光线的偏折. 关键词： 引力场 电磁波方程 能量守恒 弱场近似     

Multi-beam method to increase the stability of bridge deflection measurement

The main limitation to the accuracy of the detection of a bridge deflection using laser-based optical solutions is atmospheric turbulence because of the laser beam propagation in ground proximity. The multi-beam method is presented to increase the stability of bridge deflection measurement. It is based on the use of a four-beam optical system and a subpixel resolution algorithm for the measurement of the deflection of a laser beam that propagates through the system. To obtain accurate results, different algorithms for measuring the position of the deflected beam in different optical systems are tested and compared. Based on this comparison, the four-beam method based on the macropixels iteration centroid and four-beam optical system is selected, and an accuracy of 0.16 pixels is obtained by the determination of the beam position in our setup. The proposed method is adopted to detect the bridge deflection and an accuracy of 0.01 mm is gained when the scintillation index C_n² is 3×10⁻⁴ m^−2/3.     

Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

On the possibility of measuring the gravitational interaction of the neutron with a macroscopic body

The possibility of experimentally observing the gravitational interaction of the neutron with a macroscopic body is discussed. It is shown that the sensitivity of neutron-optics experiments may be one to two orders of magnitude higher than that which is necessary for observing the gravitational effect. Either the deflection of the neutron trajectory in the gravitational field of a heavy attractor or the gravitation-induced shift of the neutron-wave phase can be recorded experimentally.     

Detection sensitivity of the optical beam deflection method characterized with the optical spot size on the detector

Here we describe the effect of the incident optical spot size upon the quadrant photodetector on the displacement detection sensitivity of the optical beam deflection method. By varying the size of the beam spot reaching the photodetector and measuring the optical responsivity, we have determined the optical detection sensitivity as a function of the optical spot size on the photodetector. Also, we have calculated the numerical value of the detection sensitivity with the Gaussian optical spot profile and compared with the experimental data. Both experimental and analytic studies show that the optical displacement detection sensitivity increases with the decrease in the width of the Gaussian optical spot. The study presented here will be beneficial in developing the nanomechanical displacement detection techniques based on the beam deflection method with a position-sensitive detector.     

Newtonian gravitational theory: Interaction with light

The interaction of light with the gravitational field of a mass point described by a Newtonian gravitational field theory gives the same gravitational red shift as accepted theory. The dual force which is an integral part of the classical field theory and which has been shown to give the same advance of the perihelion of the orbit as Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is also the reason that light is deflected in the neighborhood of a massive particle. The deflection predicted is slightly more than 10% larger than Einstein's value, but within the experimental error of observational data. The dual force and its effects must be taken seriously. Its role in electrodynamics and quantum mechanics is briefly discussed.