一种有效的红外小目标检测方法

提出了一种基于中值滤波与梯度法的红外小目标检测方法.该方法首先通过中值滤波对红外图像进行平滑处理,接着采用背景差分技术将原始图像与经过中值滤波后的图像进行差分对消.在此基础上,再使用梯度锐化法对残差图像进行边缘信息的增强.最后,利用二值化处理凸显出目标点.该方法通过中值滤波与梯度法的互补效应实现了红外小目标的有效检测,仿真实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

基于空间域共轭梯度法的盲目图像复原

针对图像退化的几种常见形式,在最小二乘法的基础上提出了一种基于共轭梯度法的空间域加权盲目图像复原方法。通过实验验证,该算法经过较少的迭代次数就可以实现运动模糊、离焦模糊图像的复原,并取得了较为满意的复原结果。     

改进的约束共轭梯度闪光照相图像重建算法

 针对闪光照相图像信噪比低的特点,提出了一种改进的约束共轭梯度闪光照相图像重建算法。该算法在约束共轭梯度迭代重建的基础上,提出了新的预优矩阵选取方案,减小了重建图像的轴线噪声,利用松弛迭代步长代替共轭梯度法中的最优迭代步长,并采用了新的收敛准则,在保证算法收敛的同时,减少了重建算法的计算量。数值试验表明,与传统约束共轭梯度重建算法相比,改进算法稳定收敛,迭代速度更快,并能有效提高重建质量。     

基于曲率滤波和梯度变换的图像增强

针对基于梯度变换的图像增强算法抗噪声干扰能力差的问题,引入曲率滤波理论,提出了基于高斯曲率滤波和梯度变换的图像增强算法.该算法通过对图像梯度场进行非线性变换来增强图像对比度,通过构造能量泛函,采用梯度下降法从变换后的梯度场重构出增强后的图像,并利用高斯曲率滤波对梯度下降法迭代过程中的重构图像及其各阶偏微分进行平滑,有效解决了图像重构过程中的噪声非线性放大和扩散问题,同时保留了丰富的细节信息.采用多组边缘模糊图像进行仿真实验,实验结果表明该算法在增强图像边缘对比度的同时,能够有效抑制噪声.     

一种基于约束共轭梯度的闪光照相图像重建算法

 针对闪光照相系统成像信噪比低的特点,提出了正则化预优约束共轭梯度算法（RPCCG）。RPCCG算法在闪光照相重建方程中引入Tikhonov正则化准则,利用预优约束共轭梯度法迭代求图像重建的最优解。数值试验表明,采用最小二乘+平滑准则的RPCCG算法是一种具有较高的抗噪能力的有效闪光照相图像重建算法,具有良好的收敛性和稳定性以及较高的重建精度。     

基于约束共轭梯度的高能闪光照相图像复原算法

 针对闪光照相系统模糊较大、成像信噪比低的特点,提出了一种基于约束共轭梯度的闪光照相图像复原算法,将闪光照相图像复原问题转化为一个约束优化问题,引入基于非负、中值滤波和偏微分方程的光滑约束条件,并利用约束共轭梯度法迭代求最优解。数值试验表明,该算法能较好再现图像边缘信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和视觉方面都有较大提高。     

联合梯度预测与导引滤波的图像运动模糊复原

针对由相机与所摄景物之间发生相对位置移动所导致的图像运动模糊,提出了一种鲁棒的基于单幅运动模糊图像的盲反卷积算法。该方法首先通过预测图像中的较强边缘信息,实现用简单、易于求解的优化问题在傅里叶域中快速、准确地估计出点扩散函数。然后利用得到的点扩散函数,使用基于梯度约束的非盲反卷积算法复原清晰图像,同时采用一种新的边缘保持滤波器-导引滤波来消除噪声并抑制振铃效应。实验结果表明：本文的算法能够快速地从单幅运动模糊图像复原出具有清晰边缘和纹理的高质量图像,并且运算时间不超过20 s。     

保留边界特征的深度图像增强算法研究

针对现有深度图像增强算法存在边界保留特性差的问题,提出梯度掩模导向联合滤波(gradient mask guided joint filter, GMGJF)算法。利用深度图像进行Sobel梯度变换获取边界方向信息,利用深度图像空洞区域生成空洞掩模,再以边界方向和空洞掩模为导向联合彩色图像对深度图像进行迭代高斯滤波和空洞填充。实验结果表明,GMGJF算法的PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio)、SSIM(structural similarity index measure)比IMF(iterative median filter)、GF(guided filter)、JBF(joint bilateral filter)算法的PSNR、SSIM至少提高了3.50%和1.07%,不仅去噪能力、空洞填充能力最强,而且边界特征保持最好,有利于深度图像的特征提取与目标识别。     

基于双边滤波的弱小目标背景抑制

 为解决红外弱小目标检测技术中结构化背景抑制的难题,利用双边滤波集成了图像几何、光度和局部结构相似性等信息并以非迭代、局部操作的优点,提出了一种基于双边滤波的红外弱小目标背景抑制算法,并引入了局部梯度的统计特性来抑制背景细节、增强目标信息,从而达到更好抑制图像中的背景,突出目标图像,提高图像整体对比度、信噪比的目的。实验结果显示,与小波滤波算法比较,该算法对含有弱小目标的复杂背景从主观视觉和数值指标都具有良好抑制效果。     

基于灰度图差分梯度的雾化角测量方法北大核心CSCD

雾场边界及雾化角作为雾场的重要特性参数,主要通过图像法进行测量。在图像处理过程中,一般是将灰度图转化为二值化图像,然后依次针对二值化图像进行处理和计算。由于雾场的多相流特性,得到的二值化阈值和图像与实际雾场是否一致缺少评判依据。提出根据喷雾的灰度图像直接处理,得到掩模板并作用于灰度图像,采用图像形态学和迭代方法,计算灰度图像的梯度值。通过得到梯度值最大时的灰度图像,计算雾场边界和雾化角。实验表明,该方法提供了一种雾场边界的数值判断依据,通过梯度最大值判断并提取雾场边界,从而通过程序自动实现雾场边界提取与雾化角拟合测量。     

Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioning for Finite Element Solution of Inhomogeneous Elastic Inclusion Problems in Articular Cartilage

In studying biomechanical deformation in articular cartilage, the presence of cells (chondrocytes) necessitates the consideration of inhomogeneous elasticity problems in which cells are idealized as soft inclusions within a stiff extracellular matrix. An analytical solution of a soft inclusion problem is derived and used to evaluate iterative numerical solutions of the associated linear algebraic system based on discretization via the finite element method, and use of an iterative conjugate gradient method with algebraic multigrid preconditioning (AMG-PCG). Accuracy and efficiency of the AMG-PCG algorithm is compared to two other conjugate gradient algorithms with diagonal preconditioning (DS-PCG) or a modified incomplete LU decomposition (Euclid-PCG) based on comparison to the analytical solution. While all three algorithms are shown to be accurate, the AMG-PCG algorithm is demonstrated to provide significant savings in CPU time as the number of nodal unknowns is increased. In contrast to the other two algorithms, the AMG-PCG algorithm also exhibits little sensitivity of CPU time and number of iterations to variations in material properties that are known to significantly affect model variables. Results demonstrate the benefits of algebraic multigrid preconditioners for the iterative solution of assembled linear systems based on finite element modeling of soft elastic inclusion problems and may be particularly advantageous for large scale problems with many nodal unknowns.     

润湿梯度作用下液滴在倾斜表面向上运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用基于Shan-Chen伪势模型的格子Boltzmann方法,对液滴在存在润湿梯度的倾斜表面上克服重力、自下而上运动的过程进行模拟。探究润湿梯度、液滴尺寸、Bond数以及表面倾斜角度对液滴运动的影响。计算结果表明：液滴在运动过程中,内部会出现沿斜面向上的速度矢量,润湿梯度越大,液滴运动速度越快,润湿长度也越长,且动态接触角减小速率越快。液滴尺寸和Bond数对液滴运动的影响较小,但存在临界Bond数,超过该临界Bond数时,液滴将沿梯度润湿表面向下运动。表面倾角对液滴运动有显著影响,倾角增大,液滴运动速度和润湿长度都明显减小。     

A subpixel motion estimation algorithm based on digital correlation for illumination variant and noise image sequences

One of the challenges in practical subpixel motion estimation is how to obtain high accuracy with sufficient robustness to both illumination variations and additive noise. Motivated by the fact that the normalized spatial cross-correlation is invariant to illumination, we introduce a gradient-based subpixel registration method by maximizing the digital correlation (DC) function between the reference and target frames. Such DC function is remodeled with the presence of image noise, yielding that the correlation coefficient is only sensitive to noise standard variance. To fairly suppress the noise corruption, not only the target frame but also the reference one is reformulated into Taylor gradient expression with half but opposite motion vector. The final solution to motion estimates can be approximated into a closed form by reserving first-order coefficient terms of unregistered motion variables. The error trend of approximated solution is discussed. Computer simulations and actual experiments’ results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to the LMSE-based method and ordinary DC method when illumination variations and noise exist. Among the experiments, the influences of real subpixel translation value and noise variance degree on accuracy are studied; correspondingly, an optimized iterative idea for big translations and the recommended noise level adaptive to our method are introduced.     

Millimeter Wave Scattering of 2-D Frequency Selective Surface by Efficient Method of Lines with Preconditioned CG Technique

In this paper, both banded and symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) techniques are combined with method of lines (MOL) to further enhance the computational efficiency of this semi-analytic method. The electromagnetic wave scattering of 2-D frequency-selective surface is used as the examples to describe its implementation, whose analysis usually needs fast algorithms because of electrically large dimension. For arbitrary incident wave, helmholtz equation and boundary condition are used to calculate the impedance matrix and then to obtain reduced current-voltage linear matrix equation in spatial domain. Both banded and effective symmetric successive overrelaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient iterative method are chosen to solve this matrix equation. Our numerical results show that PCG methods can converge to accurate solution in much fewer iteration steps for analysis of the electromagnetic wave scattering from 2-D frequency-selective surface.     

用边有限元方法计算磁偶极子的三维电磁响应

用边有限元基函数导出了麦克斯韦(Maxwell)方程的有限元关系式,计算了地下三维介质中磁偶极子的电磁场响应.将场分量定义在有限单元的边上,解决了结点有限元方法中场切向分量不连续的矛盾,保证了源除外的所有单元内有旋无散的特性.将总场分离成背景场和二次场,使该方法适用于任何方向的磁偶极子源.通过模拟算例分析了7种Krylov子空间迭代算法以及不完全乔累斯基分解预处理手段在解大型线性代数方程组中的计算效率和收敛特性.对比结果表明,施加不完全乔累斯基分解作预处理的广义乘积型双共轭梯度算法GPBiCG (Pbicg)收敛最快,是三维复杂介质电磁响应数值模拟的首选算法.     

Power-Optimal Control of a Stirling Engine’s Frictional Piston Motion

The power output of Stirling engines can be optimized by several means. In this study, the focus is on potential performance improvements that can be achieved by optimizing the piston motion of an alpha-Stirling engine in the presence of dissipative processes, in particular mechanical friction. We use a low-effort endoreversible Stirling engine model, which allows for the incorporation of finite heat and mass transfer as well as the friction caused by the piston motion. Instead of performing a parameterization of the piston motion and optimizing these parameters, we here use an indirect iterative gradient method that is based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. For the varying friction coefficient, the optimization results are compared to both, a harmonic piston motion and optimization results found in a previous study, where a parameterized piston motion had been used. Thus we show how much performance can be improved by using the more sophisticated and numerically more expensive iterative gradient method.     

Application of SSOR Preconditioning Technique to Method of Lines for Millimeter Wave Scattering

In this paper, symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioned CG technique are introduced into method of lines (MOL) to further enhance the computational efficiency of this semi-analytic method. Millimeter wave scattering by an infinite plane metallic grating is used as the examples to describe its implementation, whose analysis usually needs fast algorithms because of electrically large dimension. For arbitrary incident wave, Helmholz equation and boundary condition are used to calculate the impedance matrix and then to obtain reduced current-voltage linear matrix equation in spatial domain. An effective symmetric successive overrelaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient iterative method, SSOR-PCG, is chosen to solve this matrix equation. With SSOR as the preconditioner as well as its efficient implementing in CG algorithm, PCG method can converge to accurate solution in much fewer iteration steps.     

红外光谱辐射计探测器高阶非线性响应校正方法

针对傅里叶变换红外光谱辐射计辐射定标需要黑体辐射面充满仪器视场的技术特点,分析了由于入射光子流较高导致红外探测器产生非线性响应误差的机理.通过仿真包含非线性误差的黑体辐射数据,研究了非线性误差对光谱产生的影响,并根据卷积和交叉迭代两种校正方法,提出了适合校正高阶非线性响应误差的迭代方法—梯度下降法.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱辐射计进行辐射定标实验,对比卷积、交叉迭代和梯度下降法三种校正方法的效果,结果显示三种校正方法均可有效减小非线性误差,分别使拟合优度提高了0.15%,0.29%和0.39%,梯度下降法校正后的光谱数据更为准确.     

环形等离子体中电子温度梯度不稳定性的粒子模拟

用粒子模拟方法求解描述环形等离子体中电子温度梯度静电模的回旋动力学方程.方程采用圆磁通面的轴对称环形几何系统，考虑了有限拉摩半径、电子渡越频率k_∥v _∥以及环形漂移(曲率和磁场梯度)运动w_D(v²_⊥,v ²_∥,θ)的效应.简述了粒子模拟的基本方法.采用了四阶变步长积分格式，使计算省时、简便.讨论了模的基本特征 , 并且给出了临界梯度对电子温度与离子温度之 关键词： 电子温度梯度不稳定性 粒子模拟 变步长积分格式 临界梯度