新环氧树脂纳米复合材料的合成和结构研究

以具有层状硅酸盐结构的累托石(REC)为主体,以烷基季铵盐为改性剂合成了有机累托石(OREC),以有机累托石和环氧树脂复合,制备出纳米复合材料。累托石含量在0.8wt.% 时,纳米复合材料具有最佳力学和热学性能,冲击强度增加到65.6 kJm-2,断裂伸长率从4.7 %增加到20.2 %,玻璃化转变温度提高到 197.9 ℃。用X-小角衍射法、透射电镜和红外吸收光谱研究了材料的微观结构,XRD 衍射图显示,未经处理REC 的层间距d001 = 2. 2 nm,经有机改性后,累托石片层间距扩大到2.8 nm,与环氧树脂复合后,其层间距扩大到4.2 nm 左右,FT-IR图显示,有机累托石中出现十六胺的特征吸收峰,TEM照片显示该复合材料是一种纳米复合材料。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/有机累托石纳米复合材料及其药物缓释性能研究

利用简单的溶液插层法制备了羧甲基壳聚糖/有机累托石纳米复合材料,其中累托石(REC)用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行改性.用X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了该纳米复合材料的微观结构和形态,实验表明羧甲基壳聚糖插层进入了累托石层间,增大了累托石的层间距,并且累托石均匀地分布在羧甲基壳聚糖基体中.以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为药物模型,研究了纳米复合材料与海藻酸钠形成的微球的药物缓释性能.结果显示,该微球对药物的包封率及缓释性能与纯羧甲基壳聚糖微球相比都有较大改善,包封率从56%提高到86%,药物缓释时间从24 h上升到72 h.并且纳米复合材料/海藻酸钠微球的释药具有pH响应性,在pH为1.2的条件下释药慢,而在pH为7.4时释药快,可用于小肠或结肠定位缓释系统.因此,羧甲基壳聚糖/有机累托石纳米复合材料很有潜力作为药物载体.     

累托石/聚丙烯插层纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔融共混法制备了有机改性累托石 (OREC)粘土 均聚聚丙烯 (PP)纳米复合材料 ,以X 射线衍射分析 (XRD)及透射电子显微镜分析 (TEM)观察了复合材料的相貌结构 ,研究了复合材料的力学性能及热性能 .结果表明 ,OREC在添加份数较少时可与均聚聚丙烯熔融插层形成插层型聚丙烯纳米复合材料 ,该复合材料与纯PP相比 ,具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度 .在有机粘土添加 2 %时 ,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度最高 ,与纯PP相比 ,2 %添加量的聚丙烯纳米复合材料拉伸强度提高 6 5 7% ,断裂伸长率提高 2 89 3% ,冲击强度提高 14 1% ,10 %失重率时对应的热分解温度提高 50K .     

4,4'-二氨基二苯醚二苯酮固化环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

采用离子交换法, 用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土(MMT), 使蒙脱土的层间距由1.49 nm扩大到2.21 nm, 制备了环氧树脂/ BADK/MMT纳米复合材料, 并用XRD等手段研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层及剥离行为. 研究结果表明, 蒙脱土含量及环氧树脂与有机土的混合温度和时间均对固化后复合材料的剥离产生影响, 只有在特定条件下才能得到剥离型纳米复合材料.     

乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯/Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料

采用乳液聚合法制备阻燃性聚苯乙烯MgAl层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米复合材料.通过对不同合成条件下复合材料的XRD谱,讨论了纳米复合材料的形成过程;经SEM图证实了LDHs是以剥离的纳米级层片分散在基体中的;TG和DSC谱图揭示了LDHs纳米层板可有效提高PS的热稳定性,并可使PS的玻璃化转化温度明显提高;当层状双氢氧化物在插层复合材料中含量为14.92%时,纳米复合材料的氧指数可达23.5%,其用量比在PS中直接添加纳米LDHs时要少约一倍.文中还分析了纳米复合材料的形成过程.     

激光烧结制备尼龙12/累托石纳米复合材料

将有机累托石与尼龙12粉末混合,采用激光烧结(SLS)技术制备了尼龙12累托石纳米复合材料,这是一种使纳米复合材料的制备与材料的成型同时进行的方法.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对其力学性能及热性能进行了研究.结果表明,尼龙12分子在激光烧结过程中插入到累托石层间,形成的复合材料在拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能及热稳定性能方面均优于尼龙12烧结试样.     

聚丙烯/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构和性能

聚丙烯／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料可通过丙烯单体插层聚合、聚丙烯溶液插层和聚丙烯熔融插层等方法制备，得到插层型或剥离型纳米复合材料，形成了与传统填充型聚合物复合材料不同的微观结构，其机械性能，热性能，阻隔性能和流变性能等明显提高，由于聚丙烯的非极性及层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备方法的特殊性，该研究具有一定的理论价值。     

CdS-TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用原位插层法制备了CdS-TiO2/累托石纳米复合材料. 以X射线粉未衍射、电镜、红外光谱、漫反射吸收光谱及液氮吸附比表面积测定等方法对其微结构和性能进行了分析与表征. 并以罗丹明B(RB)为模拟有机污染物, 对比研究了累托石、TiO2/累托石与CdS-TiO2/累托石的吸附和光催化性能. 结果表明, 与累托石相比, CdS-TiO2/累托石具有更复杂的多孔结构、更大的孔体积和比表面积以及更有效的光吸收能力; 该类复合材料表现出良好的吸附性能和光催化降解活性.     

累托石粘土/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料的热性能研究

以十二烷基季铵盐与累托石 (REC)进行阳离子交换得到有机粘土 (OREC) ,以OREC与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPUR)采用熔融挤出共混法制备了OREC TPUR纳米复合材料 .用透射电子显微镜 (TEM)表征了复合材料的微相结构 ,测试了复合材料动态热机械性能 (DMA)及热失重 (TG) ,讨论了复合材料的耐热空气老化性能及耐油介质性能等 .结果表明 ,累托石粘土在聚氨酯热塑性弹性体中以纳米尺寸分散 ,纳米复合材料具有较高的动态热机械性能 ,其储能模量最大可提高 7倍多 ,损耗模量最大可提高 4倍多 .复合材料的其他性能均有不同程度的提高 ,特别是OREC添加量为 2 %时 ,复合材料TG、耐油性及耐空气老化性能最高 .其初始分解温度提高 1 5℃ ,在 40 #机油中浸泡 1 68h后拉伸强度保持率达到 86 4% ,1 2 0℃热空气老化箱中老化 72h后拉伸强度保持率达到 87 0 % .     

液晶环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和固化反应动力学研究

用带有介晶基元的联苯二酚二缩水甘油醚 (BP)、4 氨基苯基磺酰胺 (SAA)和有机化蒙脱土 (93A)采用浇铸成模固化成型的方法制备出液晶环氧树脂 蒙脱土纳米复合材料 .WRXD结果表明 93A含量是 2 %时可形成剥离型纳米材料 ,而当 10 %时形成插层型纳米材料 ,5 %时则形成剥离和插层混合型的纳米材料 ;POM结果表明蒙脱土的存在能够破坏原有的扇形近晶相液晶织构 .DSC研究表明体系的固化反应动力学 ,可用变形的Kissinger Akahira Sunose法 (VKAS)表征 ,从求出的反应活化能和转化率关系 ,发现反应初期 ,蒙脱土使反应活化能降低 ,能够促进液晶环氧树脂的固化 .     

Microstructure of polymer–clay nanocomposites studied by positrons

The epoxy–rectorite nanocomposites with different rectorite contents, epoxide equivalent were prepared and its microstructure was studied by positron annihilation and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At low rectorite content (0–2.0%), the free volume size in nanocomposites is nearly the same, but its concentration decreases with increasing content; the exfoliated structure was observed by XRD and interfacial layer formation between rectorite platelets and epoxy matrix was probed by positrons. Comparing with epoxy–montmorillonite, the exfoliated structure and interfacial layers are easier formed in epoxy–rectorite nanocomposites.     

Effects of nanoclay on the thermal and rheological properties of a vartm (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) epoxy resin

Three types of commercially available organophilic Montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B, 25A and 15A) were used to prepare VARTM epoxy resin nanocomposites in order to study the effect of the nanoclay organophilic modification on the epoxy matrix. The morphology of the dispersions was investigated through XRD and TEM analyses. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was studied by means of HI-RES TG measurements and the influence of the nanoclay on the viscosity of the resin was investigated through rheological measurements. It was found that the nanoclay modification had no significant influence on the dispersion and on the thermal properties of the nanocomposites. Areas of exfoliated and intercalated morphology were observed. The viscosity of the resin furthermore did not exceed the critical value of the infusion process.     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYAMIDE 11/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, polymer/clay nanocomposites have attracted great interest from researchers since they frequentlyexhibit unexpected hybrid properties synergistically derived from the two components. Compared to their microcounterparts and the pristine polymer matrix, polymer/clay nanocomposites exhibit improved tensile strength andmodulus, decreased thermal expansion coefficient, decreased gas permeability, increased swelling resistance,enhanced ion conductivity, and reduced fl…     

Preferential melt intercalation of clay in ABS/brominated epoxy resin-antimony oxide (BER-AO) nanocomposites and its synergistic effect on thermal degradation and combustion behavior

ABS/organo montmorillonite (OMT) nanocomposites and ABS/brominated epoxy resin-antimony oxide (BER-AO)/OMT nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding. The dispersion of OMT in nanocomposites was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed an intercalated structure in ABS/OMT nanocomposites and the OMT layers mainly distribute in SAN phase. However, a completely exfoliated structure was found in ABS/BER-AO/OMT nanocomposites and OMT layers preferentially located in the BER phase which indicated that the OMT platelets had a much higher affinity with brominated epoxy resin than ABS resin. Based on the above morphological results, a schematic diagram of the ABS/OMT, ABS/BER-AO/OMT nanocomposites was established. The thermal degradation behavior was characterized by thermogravimetry. The results showed that the exfoliation of OMT can enhance the thermal stability of pure ABS resin and ABS/BER blends. An increase in the limited oxygen index (LOI) value was observed with the addition of OMT and it was found that such an enhancement is closely related to the morphologies of the chars formed after combustion. A synergistic effect between OMT and BER-AO during the combustion of the nanocomposites was found and a schematic mechanism was presented.     

Ball milling: An effective technique for the preparation of exfoliated clay filled unsaturated polyester toughened epoxy nanocomposite

This paper investigates the possibility of improving the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy and unsaturated polyester toughened epoxy resins through the dispersion of octadecyl ammonium ion-exchanged montmorillonite (organoclay) through exfoliated mechanism. The nanocomposites prepared are characterized for their structural change and studied for their crystallite size, mechanical, thermal and water absorption (hydrophilicity) properties. The mechanical data indicates significant improvement in the flexural and tensile properties over the neat epoxy and UP-epoxy matrix according to the percentage content of organoclay. The thermal behavior too shows noticeable enhancement in glass transition temperature T _g and high thermal stability. Hydrophilicity of all the composites decreases irrespective of the concentration of organoclay on the epoxy and UP-epoxy matrices. The homogeneous morphology of epoxy and UP toughened epoxy nanocomposite hybrid systems is ascertained using scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray results point out that the cetyl ammonium modified clay filled composites exhibited the exfoliated structure.     

Preparation of highly exfoliated epoxy/clay nanocomposites by clay grafted with liquid crystalline epoxy

Epoxy/clay nanocomposites with a high degree of exfoliation were achieved by intercalating liquid crystalline epoxy into clay intragallery as well as using a so-called ‘solution compounding’ process. In this process, clay modified was first treated with trichloromethane to form organoclay-trichloromethane suspension followed by liquid crystalline epoxy modification. The liquid crystalline epoxy grafted clay was then mixed extensively with epoxy to form epoxy/nanoclay composites. The mechanism of exfoliation was explored by monitoring the change of morphology of organoclay during each stage of processing with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The liquid crystalline epoxy grafted clay synthesised was characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and polarising optical microscopy (POM). The clay platelets uniformly dispersed and highly exfoliated in the whole epoxy matrix were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR imaging system. The epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating different liquid crystalline epoxy grafted clay loading. The results revealed that the incorporation of liquid crystalline epoxy grafted clay resulted in a significant improvement in glass transition temperature (Tg) derived from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal stability measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).     

Exploitation of introducing of catalytic centers into layer galleries of layered silicates and related epoxy nanocomposites. I. Epoxy nanocomposites derived from montmorillonite modified with catalytic surfactant‐bearing carboxyl groups

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with the acidified cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) and the resulting organo‐montmorillonite (O‐MMT) was dispersed in an epoxy/methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride system to form epoxy nanocomposites. The intercalation and exfoliation behavior of the epoxy nanocomposites were examined by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The curing behavior and thermal property were investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC, respectively. The results showed that MMT could be highly intercalated by acidified CAB, and O‐MMT could be easily dispersed in epoxy resin to form intercalated/exfoliated epoxy nanocomposites. When the O‐MMT loading was lower than 8 phr (relative to 100 phr resin), exfoliated nanocomposites were achieved. The glass‐transition temperatures (T_g's) of the exfoliated nanocomposite were 20 °C higher than that of the neat resin. At higher O‐MMT loading, partial exfoliation was achieved, and those samples possessed moderately higher T_g's as compared with the neat resin. O‐MMT showed an obviously catalytic nature toward the curing of epoxy resin. The curing rate of the epoxy compound increased with O‐MMT loading. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1192–1198, 2004     

Effects of organo-montmorillonite dispersion on thermal stability of epoxy resin nanocomposites

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with the acidified cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) and the resulting organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT) was dispersed in an epoxy/methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride system to form epoxy nanocomposites. The dispersion state of the MMT in the matrix was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal stability of the epoxy nanocomposites was examined by TGA. Thermal stability of the epoxy nanocomposite is dependent upon the dispersion state of the OMMT in the epoxy matrix although all the epoxy nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stability compared with the neat epoxy resin. The thermal stability of the epoxy resin nanocomposites was correlated with the dispersion state of the MMT in the epoxy resin matrix.