磺化聚芳醚酮砜/聚吡咯复合型直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

以高磺化度的磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)和吡咯(Py)为原料,通过原位聚合的方法制备了含有不同吡咯含量的SPAEKS/PPy复合膜.红外谱图表明SPAEKS聚合物中的磺酸基团与聚吡咯(PPy)中的亚氨基基团之间形成了强烈的相互作用.扫描电镜照片显示PPy能够均匀地分散在SPAEKS聚合物基体中,没有发生团聚现象.通过对复合膜的性能测试发现PPy的引入提高了复合膜的热稳定性,降低了复合膜的吸水率,改善了其水溶胀性.同时膜中水的脱附系数下降,提高了膜的保水能力.SPAEKS/PPy-3复合膜的甲醇渗透系数达到了1.18×10-7cm2/s,明显低于纯SPAEKS膜的8.52×10-7cm2/s,而其质子传导率虽有所降低,但在25℃和80℃仍然分别达到了0.039S/cm和0.061S/cm,能够满足质子交换膜对质子传导率的要求.研究结果表明,聚吡咯与SPAEKS中磺酸基的摩尔比为0.99的复合膜有望在直接甲醇燃料电池中得到应用.     

侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜材料的制备

本文通过对聚合物的结构设计, 采用均聚的途径将柔顺的大侧基(甲氧基苯基)引入聚芳醚酮侧链, 然后通过室温后磺化的方法成功制备出侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮材料. 此类材料表现出较好的热稳定性; 力学性能优异; 聚合物的质子传导率比报道过的类似材料有较大程度的提高; 于80 ℃时的质子传导率在0.190 S/cm以上, 超过了Nafion 117 薄膜的传导率(0.175 S/cm). 因此这类材料有望在质子交换膜领域得到应用.     

磺化聚芳醚酮砜/ZrO2复合型质子交换膜的制备与性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米ZrO2无机粒子,再通过溶胶共混法制备了不同ZrO2含量的磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)复合膜,红外光谱显示复合膜中存在Zr-O-Zr吸收峰,扫描电镜照片显示纳米ZrO2无机粒子能够均匀地分散在SPAEKS聚合物基体中,未发生团聚现象.通过对复合膜的性能测试发现,纳米ZrO2无机粒子的引入提高...     

用于直接甲醇燃料电池的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮/聚乙烯醇交联膜的制备与性能研究

以高磺化度的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮(S-SPAEK)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,通过溶液共混的方法在120℃下制备了PVA含量不同的S-SPAEK/PVA交联膜.红外光谱图表明S-SPAEK聚合物中的磺酸基团与PVA中的羟基反应生成酯键而形成共价交联.通过对交联膜的性能测试发现PVA的引入明显降低了膜的甲醇渗透系数,改善了膜的溶胀性,提高了膜的保水能力.S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜水的脱附系数从S-SPAEK的3.1×10-8 cm2/s降低到2.9×10-9 cm2/s.在25℃和60℃时S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜的甲醇渗透系数分别为2.6×10-7cm2/s和3.9×10-7cm2/s,明显低于相同温度下的纯S-SPAEK膜的8.1×10-7cm2/s与14.5×10-7cm2/s,而其质子传导率虽然有所下降,但是在25℃和80℃时分别达到了0.055 S/cm和0.083 S/cm,能够满足直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFCs)对质子交换膜的要求,有望在DMFCs中得到应用.     

含氨基聚芳醚酮/磺化聚芳醚酮砜中高温质子交换复合膜的制备与性能研究

以自制的高磺化度磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)和含有氨基的聚芳醚酮(Am-PAEK)为原料,通过共溶剂涂膜法制备了不同重量比例的Am-PAEK/SPAEKS复合膜.通过高温(160℃)处理使氨基和磺酸基团在复合膜内形成交联,制得交联型复合膜.复合膜的热性能、尺寸稳定性、阻醇性能有所提高,而且交联型复合膜中的Am-PAEK/SPAEKS-C-3质子传导率在120℃时达到了0.0892 S/cm,高于在相同测试条件下SPAEKS膜的0.0654 S/cm和Nafion膜的0.062 S/cm,而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时达到0.14×10-6cm2/s,低于SPAEKS膜的0.85×10-6cm2/s和Nafion膜的2×10-6cm2/s.实验结果表明,Am-PAEK/SPAEKS交联型复合膜有望在中高温质子交换膜燃料电池中得到应用.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用含氨基磺化聚芳醚酮砜交联膜的制备与性能研究

利用亲核缩聚方法合成出带有氨基的磺化度可控的磺化聚芳醚酮砜共聚物(Am-SPAEKS),并在180℃下制备了C-Am-SPAEKS交联膜.红外和氢核磁图表明氨基已被引入到SPAEKS共聚物中,而且AmSPAEKS聚合物中的磺酸基团与氨基反应生成磺酰胺键而形成共价交联.通过对C-Am-SPAEKS膜性能测试发现,氨基与磺酸基团之间发生的共价交联反应使交联膜的致密性增加,从而使膜的甲醇渗透系数显著降低,膜的溶胀性、热稳定性和膜的保水能力都得到了提高.在120℃时C-Am-SPAEKS膜的质子传导率达到了0.0883 S/cm,而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时为0.5×10-7cm2/s,明显低于SPAEKS膜的8.9×10-7cm2/s和Nafion膜的2×10-6cm2/s.实验结果表明,C-Am-SPAEKS膜能够满足质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的使用要求,有望在中高温和直接甲醇燃料电池中得以应用.     

用于燃料电池的磺化聚芳醚砜质子交换膜材料的直接合成与性能研究

将磺化二氯二苯砜(SDCDPS)、二氯二苯砜(DCDPS)与4,4′-联苯酚(BP)通过亲核缩聚反应得到一系列具有不同磺化度的磺化聚芳醚砜(SPAES)共聚物.通过FT-IR,TGA和DSC等分析方法对其结构及性能进行表征.并用透射电镜对其内部形态进行分析,建立了结构与性能之间的关系.研究了不同磺化度对膜性能的影响.结果表明,聚合物中磺酸基团的增多导致了磺化聚芳醚砜膜的吸水率、离子交换容量、质子传导率和甲醇渗透系数的增加.通过对膜的综合性能评价发现,磺化度为0.8的磺化聚芳醚砜膜在80℃时的质子传导率为0.116S/cm,100℃时的质子传导率为0.126S/cm,均高于Nafion117膜(0.114S/cm和0.117S/cm),且甲醇渗透系数为8.4×10-7cm2/s,远远低于Nafion117膜(2.1×10-6cm2/s).     

侧链磺化型含氟聚芳醚质子交换膜的制备及性能

在含氟聚芳醚侧链引入磺化萘酚基团,制备了一类侧链磺化型含氟聚芳醚(s SPFAE),采用溶液浇铸法制膜并对膜进行了表征和分析.制备的膜材料离子交换容量达到1.42~2.03 mmol/g,均透明柔韧,杨氏模量高于1.0 GPa,拉伸应变达到66%~105%.吸水性及膨胀性测试结果表明该系列膜具有较低的吸水率和良好的尺寸稳定性,在测试温度范围内(30~90℃)吸水率为21%~51%,尺寸变化率低于7%.s SPFAE膜具有良好的热稳定性及氧化稳定性,TGA测试中320~360℃时的重量损失低于5%,在Fenton溶液中80℃处理1 h后的失重率小于2%.同时,该系列膜表现出较高的电导率水平,如SPFAE-0.8膜(IEC=2.03 mmol/g)在80℃时电导率达到217 m S/cm.     

酸碱型磺化聚芳醚腈酮质子交换膜材料的性能研究

以合成的一系列不同磺化度的碘化聚芳醚腈酮(SPPENKs)为acidic聚合物,以聚芳醚酰亚胺(PEI)为basic聚合物,并将其溶解在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中配成质量分数为10%的成膜液,60℃下刮制成膜,制得acid-base型磺化聚芳醚腈酮质子导电了聚合物膜.用红外(FT-IR)谱图表征了acid-base型质子导电聚合物的结构,并测试了acid-base型质子导电聚合物膜的溶胀率、含水率、水解、氧化和热稳定性以及膜材料的离子交换容量IEC(IEC=meqSO3H/gdrymembrane)值等.测试结果初步表明新型质子导电聚合物膜具有良好的物化性能和较高的质子导电性,在80℃下acid-base型质子导电聚合物膜的水解断裂时间除SPPENK-40/PEI外,都超过2000h;SPPENK-60/PEI和SPPENK-80/PEI膜(IEC分别为1·08mmol/g、1·32mmol/g)与Nafion117相比,在具有较高质子交换能力的同时具有较低的溶胀率。     

含氨基磺化聚芳醚酮砜质子交换膜的制备与性能

通过四元缩聚的方法合成了带有氨基的磺化度可控的磺化聚芳醚酮砜共聚物(Am-SPAEKS). 采用红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了Am-SPAEKS共聚物的结构. 该共聚物膜具有较好的热性能、尺寸稳定性、较高的质子传导率和阻醇能力. 在80℃时Am-SPAEKS-1膜的质子传导率达到0.0894 S/cm, 而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时为0.24×10^-6 cm²/s, 低于相同温度下SPAEKS膜(0.87×10^-6 cm²/s)和Nafion膜(2×10^-6 cm²/s). 结果表明, Am-SPAEKS膜能够满足质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的使用要求.     

Blend membranes of Nafion/sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) for direct methanol fuel cell

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) synthesized by LG Chem. was confirmed by FT-IR. To estimate the thermal stability, glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature were investigated. They showed that sPAEK had good thermal properties. The proton conductivity, methanol permeability and water uptake of sPAEK were also measured. Nafion/sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) composite membranes were prepared by blending two materials. The blend ratios of sPAEK and Nafion were 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1. The blend membranes showed phase separated morphology since they became immiscible during the solvent evaporation process. Due to the differences in specific gravity and solvent concentration profile during the solvent evaporation process, the upper region had lower Nafion volume fraction with smaller domains and the lower region had higher Nafion volume fraction with larger domains. Mechanical properties such as the stress at break, yield stress, Young's modulus, and elongation at break were measured. The sPAEK had better mechanical properties than Nafion. The mechanical properties increased with increasing sPAEK content. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the blend membranes were lower than those of Nafion. Both decreased with decreasing Nafion content. Since the methanol permeability of sPAEK was lower than that of Nafion, sPAEK acted as the methanol barrier. Water uptake of sPAEK was higher than that of Nafion.     

燃料电池质子交换膜用新型磺化聚芳醚酮的合成和性能表征

报道了一种新型磺化聚芳醚酮材料的合成方法, 通过引入取代基对聚芳醚主链进行保护，用氯磺酸直接磺化方法在聚芳醚酮高分子侧基上引入磺酸功能基, 实现了聚合物磺化结构的可控定位合成, 得到了稳定性较好的磺化聚芳醚酮. 通过核磁共振(NMR)、 热重(TG)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等分析方法对其结构及性能进行了表征. 用溶液浇膜法制备了质子交换膜, 考察了膜的各种性能, 并与商用Nafion膜进行了比较, 其导电性、 热稳定性和吸水性远优于Nafion膜, 抗氧化性、抗水解性和机械强度也达到了较高的指标.     

全钒液流电池用磺化聚醚醚酮/锂皂石质子膜的结构及性能

通过溶液流延法制备了磺化聚醚醚酮/锂皂石(SPEEK/Lap)复合膜, 对其物理化学性质、 机械性能、 化学稳定性及单电池性能进行了测试. 在SPEEK基质中引入的Lap有效改善了复合膜的质子传导率、 溶胀率和机械性能. 当Lap添加量(质量分数)从0.2%增到1.5%时, 复合膜的质子传导率随之增加(19.9~23.6 mS/cm). SPEEK/Lap-0.2复合膜的自放电时间为57.2 h, 是Nafion 117膜的2.4倍和纯SPEEK膜的1.5倍. 在80 mA/cm ²电流密度下, SPEEK/Lap-0.2复合膜的电压效率(VE, 86.5%)和能量效率(EE, 84.0%)明显高于Nafion 117膜(VE: 83.8%, EE: 80.7%)和纯SPEEK膜(VE: 81.4%, EE: 78.9%). 同时, SPEEK/Lap-0.2复合膜经100次充放电循环测试后具有良好的循环稳定性和结构稳定性.     

Preparation and Properties of Hybrid Silane-crosslinked Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether ketone)s as Proton Exchange Membranes

A series of novel organic-inorganic hybrid proton-conducting electrolyte membranes with silane-crosslinked sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)(SC-SPAEK) networks was prepared via a simple procedure that includes solution casting and acid treatment. The organosilicon pendants of the silane-grafted SPAEK, which were expected to serve as coupling and crosslinking agents, were found to play a key role in the homogenous dispersion of inorganic particles and improved the performance of hybrid membranes. The hybrid membranes exhibited enhanced proton conductivity, and SC-SPAEK/TiO2-4 showed an extremely high proton conductivity of 0.1472 S/cm at 100℃. The crosslinked hybrid membranes also demonstrated good chemical resistance, oxidative stability, and mechanical properties. The crosslinked hybrid membranes with excellent comprehensive performance may be a promising material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.     

Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Based Semi-Interpenetrating Network Membranes for Fuel Cells

Polymer electrolyte membranes are prepared from novel semi-interpenetrating polymer network material where the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is the linear polymer and the poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is the cross-linking constituent. The semi-IPN is prepared by in situ polymerization of PEGDA in the presence of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone). SPEEK is prepared by direct sulfonation of commercial PEEK (Gatone? 1100) by reported procedures. SPEEK with degree of sulfonation 63% (calculated from FT-NMR) is selected as the base membrane and different semi-IPN membranes were prepared by varying the PEGDA and SPEEK ratio. The degree of sulfonation of SPEEK and the formation of semi-IPN were confirmed by spectroscopy studies. The various semi-IPN membranes were characterized for ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, hydrolytic stability, proton conductivity and thermal stability for evaluating the suitability of these membranes for fuel cells. The proton conductivity of the membranes decreased with increasing PEGDA content. The Semi-IPN membranes exhibited conductivities (30°C) from 0.018 S/cm to 0.006 S/cm. These interpenetrating network membranes showed higher hydrolytic stability than the pure SPEEK membrane. This study shows that semi-IPN membranes based on PEGDA and SPEEK can be viable candidates for electrolyte membranes.     

Hybird Membrane with High Proton Conductivity and Selectivity Based on SPEEK for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Composite membranes based on sulfonated silica/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK) were prepared by means of sol-gel method so as to gain a high conductivity and reasonable methanol permeability.The sulfonated silica is generated in situ via the hydrolysis of sulfonated 3-anminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550) synthesized newly from 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and 1,4-butane sultone.The membrane with a silica mass fraction of 5% exhibits a conductivity of 0.187 S/cm at 80 °C and a methanol coefficient with 9.72×10-7 cm2/s.The composite membranes show improved condutive ability and better selectivity that can be promisingly used in direct methanol fuel cell.     

DMFC用PES/SPEEK共混阻醇质子交换膜

将磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK, 磺化度DS为68.3%)和聚醚砜(PES)两种聚合物共混制得PES/SPEEK共混膜. DSC研究表明两种聚合物之间具有较好的相容性, 因而共混膜均匀致密, 未发生大尺度相分离. PES的混入能有效降低膜的溶胀度及甲醇透过系数. 纯SPEEK 膜40 ℃时在1 mol•L−1甲醇水溶液中溶胀度达到160%, 45 ℃时就完全溶解, 而含30%(w)PES的共混膜在80 ℃时的溶胀度仅有15%. 室温下含20%−30%(w)PES的共混膜的甲醇透过系数为1×10−7 cm2•s−1左右, 比Nafion 115膜的透过系数小一个数量级. 尽管80 ℃下30%(w)PES/SPEEK共混膜的电导率与Nafion 115膜相当, 但由于共混膜的厚度比Nafion 115膜小1/3左右, 膜电阻较小, 因而其电池性能比Nafion 115膜的好.