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1.
2.
A vertex labeling f : V → Z2 of a simple graph G = (V, E) induces two edge labelings f+ , f*: E → Z2 defined by f+ (uv) = f(u)+f(v) and f*(uv) = f(u)f(v). For each i∈Z2 , let vf(i) = |{v ∈ V : f(v) = i}|, e+f(i) = |{e ∈ E : f+(e) = i}| and e*f(i)=|{e∈E:f*(e)=i}|. We call f friendly if |vf(0)-vf(1)|≤ 1. The friendly index set and the product-cordial index set of G are defined as the sets{|e+f(0)-e+f(1)|:f is friendly} and {|e*f(0)-e*f(1)| : f is friendly}. In this paper we study and determine the connection between the friendly index sets and product-cordial index sets of 2-regular graphs and generalized wheel graphs. 相似文献
3.
Let G =(V, E) be a connected simple graph. A labeling f : V → Z2 induces an edge labeling f* : E → Z2 defined by f*(xy) = f(x) +f(y) for each xy ∈ E. For i ∈ Z2, let vf(i) = |f^-1(i)| and ef(i) = |f*^-1(i)|. A labeling f is called friendly if |vf(1) - vf(0)| ≤ 1. For a friendly labeling f of a graph G, we define the friendly index of G under f by if(G) = e(1) - el(0). The set [if(G) | f is a friendly labeling of G} is called the full friendly index set of G, denoted by FFI(G). In this paper, we will determine the full friendly index set of every Cartesian product of two cycles. 相似文献
4.
R. Ya. Nizkii 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2007,140(4):564-581
Let M0 be the Minkowski space, let Λ2(M0) be the space of bivectors in M0, and let G1 ⊂ Λ2(M0) be the manifold of directions of the physical space, consisting of simple bivectors with square −1. A mapping F: U → Λ2(M0), U ⊂ ℝ4, satisfying the Maxwell equations is regarded as the tensor of an electromagnetic field in vacuum. The field is described
on the basis of a special decomposition F = eω + h(*ω), where the mapping ω: U → G1 is called the direction of the field, and e: U → (0, +∞) and h: U → ℝ are the electric and magnetic coefficients of the field.
The Maxwell equations are reformulated in terms of ω, e, and h. Electromagnetic fields whose set of directions is a point
or a one-dimensional subset of G1 are considered. Bibliography: 7 titles.
__________
Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 329, 2005, pp. 118–146. 相似文献
5.
Let X be a compact metric space and let Lip(X) be the Banach algebra of all scalar- valued Lipschitz functions on X, endowed with a natural norm. For each f ∈ Lip(X), σπ(f) denotes the peripheral spectrum of f. We state that any map Φ from Lip(X) onto Lip(Y) which preserves multiplicatively the peripheral spectrum:
σπ(Φ(f)Φ(g)) = σπ(fg), A↓f, g ∈ Lip(X)
is a weighted composition operator of the form Φ(f) = τ· (f °φ) for all f ∈ Lip(X), where τ : Y → {-1, 1} is a Lipschitz function and φ : Y→ X is a Lipschitz homeomorphism. As a consequence of this result, any multiplicatively spectrum-preserving surjective map between Lip(X)-algebras is of the form above. 相似文献
σπ(Φ(f)Φ(g)) = σπ(fg), A↓f, g ∈ Lip(X)
is a weighted composition operator of the form Φ(f) = τ· (f °φ) for all f ∈ Lip(X), where τ : Y → {-1, 1} is a Lipschitz function and φ : Y→ X is a Lipschitz homeomorphism. As a consequence of this result, any multiplicatively spectrum-preserving surjective map between Lip(X)-algebras is of the form above. 相似文献
6.
For digraphs D and H, a mapping f : V(D) → V(H) is a homomorphism of D to H if uv ∈ A(D) implies f(u) f(v) ∈ A(H). If, moreover, each vertex u ∈ V(D) is associated with costs c
i
(u), i ∈ V(H), then the cost of the homomorphism f is ∑
u ∈V(D)
c
f(u)(u). For each fixed digraph H, we have the minimum cost homomorphism problem for
H (abbreviated MinHOM(H)). The problem is to decide, for an input graph D with costs c
i
(u), u ∈ V(D), i ∈ V(H), whether there exists a homomorphism of D to H and, if one exists, to find one of minimum cost. We obtain a dichotomy classification for the time complexity of MinHOM(H) when H is an oriented cycle. We conjecture a dichotomy classification for all digraphs with possible loops. 相似文献
7.
H. Brézis 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1971,9(4):513-534
Let φ be a convex l.s.c. function fromH (Hilbert) into ] - ∞, ∞ ] andD(φ)={u ∈H; φ(u)<+∞}. It is proved that for everyu
0 ∈D(φ) the equation − (du/dt)(t ∈ ∂φ(u(t)),u(0)=u
0 has a solution satisfying ÷(du(t)/dt)÷ ≦(c
1/t)+c
2. The behavior ofu(t) in the neighborhood oft=0 andt=+∞ as well as the inhomogeneous equation (du(t)/dt)+∂φ(u(t)) ∈f(t) are then studied. Solutions of some nonlinear boundary value problems are given as applications.
相似文献
8.
H. Stetkær 《Aequationes Mathematicae》1997,54(1-2):144-172
Summary We produce complete solution formulas of selected functional equations of the formf(x +y) ±f(x + σ (ν)) = Σ
I
2
=1
g
l
(x)h
l
(y),x, y∈G, where the functionsf,g
1,h
1 to be determined are complex valued functions on an abelian groupG and where σ:G→G is an involution ofG. The special case of σ=−I encompasses classical functional equations like d’Alembert’s, Wilson’s first generalization of it, Jensen’s equation and
the quadratic equation. We solve these equations, the equation for symmetric second differences in product form and similar
functional equations for a general involution σ. 相似文献
9.
Palanivel Manoharan 《manuscripta mathematica》2008,125(1):127-137
For a fibre preserving map ϕ: E → E on a fibration (E, π, B), we construct a grading preserving map T(ϕ, π) between H*(E) and H*(B) that generalizes the Lefschetz number. If T(ϕ, π) is an isomorphism between H
0(E) and H
0(B), then π restricts to a surjective local diffeomorphism on each connected component of the fixed point set of ϕ under a transversality condition. This yields a characterization for the bundle H → G → G/H to be trivial when π
1 (G/H) = 0. 相似文献
10.
Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G) and let g and f be two integer-valuated functions defined on V(G) such that g(x) ≤f(x) for all x∈V(G). Then a (g, f)-factor of G is a spanning subgraph H of G such that g(x) ≤d
H
(x) ≤f(x) for all x∈V(G). A (g, f)-factorization of G is a partition of E(G) into edge-disjoint (g, f)-factors. Let
= {F
1, F
2, ..., F
m
} be a factorization of G and H be a subgraph of G with mr edges. If F
i
, 1 ≤i≤m, has exactly r edges in common with H, then
is said to be r-orthogonal to H. In this paper it is proved that every (mg + kr, mf−kr)-graph, where m, k and r are positive integers with k < m and g≥r, contains a subgraph R such that R has a (g, f)-factorization which is r-orthogonal to a given subgraph H with kr edges.
This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19831080) and RSDP of China 相似文献
11.
M. Filali 《Semigroup Forum》1994,48(1):163-168
LetG be a discrete abelian group,Ĝ the character group ofG, andl
∞(G)* the conjugate ofl
∞(G) equipped with an Arens product. In many cases, we can find unitary functionsf such that χf is almost convergent to zero for all χ∈Ĝ. Some of these functions are then used to produce elements μ∈l
∞(G)* such that γμ=0 whenever γ is an annihilator ofC
0(G). Regarded as Borel measures on βG, these elements satisfyxμ=0 for allx∈βG/G. They belong to the radical ofl
∞(G)*, and each of them generates a left ideal ofl
∞(G)* that contains no minimal left ideal. 相似文献
12.
Xian Zu Lin 《数学学报(英文版)》2011,27(5):863-870
Let G/P be a homogenous space with G a compact connected Lie group and P a connected subgroup of G of equal rank. As the rational cohomology ring of G/P is concentrated in even dimensions, for an integer k we can define the Adams map of type k to be l
k
: H*(G/P, ℚ) → H*(G/P, ℚ), l
k
(u) = k
i
u, u ∈ H
2i
(G/P, ℚ). We show that if k is prime to the order of the Weyl group of G, then l
k
can be induced by a self map of G/P. We also obtain results which imply the condition that k is prime to the order of the Weyl group of G is necessary. 相似文献
13.
A three-valued function f: V → {−1, 0, 1} defined on the vertices of a graph G= (V, E) is a minus total dominating function (MTDF) if the sum of its function values over any open neighborhood is at least one.
That is, for every υ ∈ V, f(N(υ)) ⩾ 1, where N(υ) consists of every vertex adjacent to υ. The weight of an MTDF is f(V) = Σf(υ), over all vertices υ ∈ V. The minus total domination number of a graph G, denoted γ
t
−(G), equals the minimum weight of an MTDF of G. In this paper, we discuss some properties of minus total domination on a graph G and obtain a few lower bounds for γ
t
−(G). 相似文献
14.
Copositive approximation of periodic functions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Let f be a real continuous 2π-periodic function changing its sign in the fixed distinct points y
i
∈ Y:= {y
i
}
i∈ℤ such that for x ∈ [y
i
, y
i−1], f(x) ≧ 0 if i is odd and f(x) ≦ 0 if i is even. Then for each n ≧ N(Y) we construct a trigonometric polynomial P
n
of order ≦ n, changing its sign at the same points y
i
∈ Y as f, and
where N(Y) is a constant depending only on Y, c(s) is a constant depending only on s, ω
3(f, t) is the third modulus of smoothness of f and ∥ · ∥ is the max-norm.
This work was done while the first author was visiting CPT-CNRS, Luminy, France, in June 2006. 相似文献
15.
Pekka Tukia 《Journal d'Analyse Mathématique》2006,99(1):35-87
We extend the results of [T2] to the situation where there is a compatibility with the action of a Kleinian group. A classical
Techmüller sequence is a sequence of quasiconformal mapsf
i with complex dilatations of the form
, where ϕ is a quadratic differential and 0<-k
i<1 are numbers such thatk
i→1 asi→∞. We proved in [T2] that if τ is a vertical trajectory associated to ϕ, then there is often, for instance if the sequence
is normalized so thatf
i fix 3 points, a subsequence such thatf
i tend either toward a constant or an injective map of τ. If there is compatibility with the action of a non-elementary finitely
generated Kleinian groupG, we can given a precise characterization which of these cases occurs. Suppose thatf
i induce isomorphisms ϕi ofG onto another Kleinian group and that ϕi have algebraic limit ϕ. If the quadratic differential is defined on a component of the ordinary set ofG, if there are no parabolic elements, and if τ is extended maximally so that all branches coming together at a singular point
are included, then we can state the main result as follows. The limit is a constantc if the stabilizerG
τ of τ is elementary; and, if it is non-elementary, then the limit is injective. In the first case, ϕ(g) is parabolic with fixpointc wheneverg∈G
τ is of infinite order; and in the latter case, the limitf is an embedding of τ in a natural topology of τ, andf embeds τ into a component of the limit set of ϕG whose stabilizer is ϕG
τ. Various extensions and generalizations are presented.
The research for this paper has been supported by the project 51749 of the Academy of Finland. 相似文献
16.
Abdolaziz Abdollahi Mohammad Taghi Heydari 《Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo》2009,58(1):65-68
Let be a C*-algebra with unit 1. For each a ∈ , the C*-algebra numerical range is defined by V(a) = {φ(a): φ ∈ , φ ≥ 0,φ(1) = 1}. In a 2003 paper Li, Rodman and Spitkovsky have found the ω-th roots of elements in C*-algebra under a numerical range condition, when ω ∈ [1,∞).
In this paper, we will give a short proof of the above result in the case of ω is a positive integer number. We also give a simple proof for ω-th root of an element a ∈ , when ω ∈ [1,∞) and V(a)∩ {z ∈ ℂ: z ≤ 0} = .
The first author was supported by the Shiraz university Research Council Grant No. 86-GRSC-32. 相似文献
17.
For a nontrivial connected graph G, let c: V (G) → ℕ be a vertex coloring of G where adjacent vertices may be colored the same. For a vertex v of G, the neighborhood color set NC(v) is the set of colors of the neighbors of v. The coloring c is called a set coloring if NC(u) ≠ NC(v) for every pair u, v of adjacent vertices of G. The minimum number of colors required of such a coloring is called the set chromatic number x
s
(G). A study is made of the set chromatic number of the join G+H of two graphs G and H. Sharp lower and upper bounds are established for x
s
(G + H) in terms of x
s
(G), x
s
(H), and the clique numbers ω(G) and ω(H). 相似文献
18.
Let Ω be a bounded co.nvex domain in Rn(n≥3) and G(x,y) be the Green function of the Laplace operator -△ on Ω. Let hrp(Ω) = {f ∈ D'(Ω) :(E)F∈hp(Rn), s.t. F|Ω = f}, by the atom characterization of Local Hardy spaces in a bounded Lipschitz domain, the bound of f→(△)2(Gf) for every f ∈ hrp(Ω) is obtained, where n/(n 1)<p≤1. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, sufficient conditions are obtained, so that the second order neutral delay differential equation
has a positive and bounded solution, where q, h, f ∈ C ([0, ∞), ℝ) such that q(t) ≥ 0, but ≢ 0, h(t) ≤ t, h(t) → ∞ as t → ∞, r ∈ C
(1) ([0, ∞), (0, ∞)), p ∈ C
(2) [0, ∞), ℝ), G ∈ C(ℝ, ℝ) and τ ∈ ℝ+. In our work r(t) ≡ 1 is admissible and neither we assume G is non-decreasing, xG(x) > 0 for x ≠ 0, nor we take G is Lipschitzian. Hence the results of this paper improve many recent results.
相似文献
20.
E. A. Kudryavtseva 《Moscow University Mathematics Bulletin》2009,64(4):150-158
Let M be a smooth compact (orientable or not) surface with or without a boundary. Let $
\mathcal{D}_0
$
\mathcal{D}_0
⊂ Diff(M) be the group of diffeomorphisms homotopic to id
M
. Two smooth functions f, g: M → ℝ are called isotopic if f = h
2 ℴ g ℴ h
1 for some diffeomorphisms h
1 ∈ $
\mathcal{D}_0
$
\mathcal{D}_0
and h
2 ∈ Diff+(ℝ). Let F be the space of Morse functions on M which are constant on each boundary component and have no critical points on the boundary. A criterion for two Morse functions
from F to be isotopic is proved. For each Morse function f ∈ F, a collection of Morse local coordinates in disjoint circular neighborhoods of its critical points is constructed, which
continuously and Diff(M)-equivariantly depends on f in C
∞-topology on F (“uniform Morse lemma”). Applications of these results to the problem of describing the homotopy type of the space F are formulated. 相似文献