磷酸铝分子筛催化合成戊酸正戊酯

首次用磷酸铝分子筛催化戊酸与正戊醇的酯化反应合成了戊酸正戊酯。适宜的酯化条件为:戊酸50mmol,n(正戊醇)∶n(戊酸)=1.2∶1.0,回流反应3 h~5 h,1 mol戊酸用催化剂2.0 g,酯化率高于90%。     

磷酸铝分子筛作为羰酸酯化反应催化剂的研究 Ⅰ.丙酸戊酯的合成

传统方法合成羧酸酯通常用浓硫酸作催化剂,副反应多,产物分离困难,设备腐蚀严重.为克服这些缺点,张怀彬等采用了HZSM-5等硅铝分子筛催化合成羧酸酯.但AlPO_4分子筛是否具有催化酯化反应的功能,至今未见文献报道.我们以自制的新型AlPO_4分子筛CHNUAP-1作催化剂,对其催化合成丙酸戊醋的活性及反应条件进行了考察.     

分子筛催化下环氧氯丙烷开环反应的溶剂效应

环氧化合物与羧酸的开环加成酯化是有机化学中一类重要反应,开环形成的羧酸β-羟基酯有着十分广泛的用途。这类反应的进行通常需要高活性的催化剂,我们曾将Fe(Ⅲ)改性的ZSM-5分子筛应用于羧酸β-羟基酯的合成。本文用Fe-ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,以环氧氯丙烷与丙酸反应作为模型,研究了取代苯为溶剂时对反应速率的影响,发现反应的速率     

多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成、表征及催化应用

同时含有微孔和介孔的多级孔磷酸铝分子筛由于能减少微孔磷酸铝分子筛在涉及大分子的催化反应中的扩散限制,近年来逐渐成为人们的研究热点。本文主要阐述了多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成、表征和催化应用方面的最新进展。根据多级孔的生成机制,将多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成方法分成了四类,即硬模板法、软模板法、无模板法和后处理法,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了系统的比较。以磷酸硅铝分子筛为例,评述了各种表征多级孔分子筛的酸性和孔结构的方法。最后,对多级孔磷酸硅铝分子筛在三类重要的催化反应(即烷基化反应、异构化反应和甲醇制烯烃)中的研究进展进行了综述。     

SBA-15介孔分子筛表面的磺酸基改性及其催化性能

 采用后合成方法，将含有巯基的化合物3－巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPTMS）键合在大孔径、厚孔壁的新型纯硅介孔分子筛SBA－15表面上，经氧化和酸化后得到含有强酸性的磺酸基团的固体酸催化剂SBA－15－SO3H．用X射线衍射、红外光谱、固体核磁共振及热失重等方法对改性前后的SBA－15样品进行了表征．结果表明，改性后SBA－15分子筛的结构未发生变化，MPTMS键合于分子筛的表面，改性后的分子筛具有质子酸中心．SBA－15－SO3H催化剂对十八碳烯酸与甲醇的酯化反应具有较高的活性，催化剂上的磺酸基团在反应过程中具有较好的稳定性．     

铝镧修饰MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成、表征及在乙氧基化反应中的催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,乙二胺为碱性介质,水热法合成了硅铝、硅镧及硅(铝 镧)摩尔比为30的Al-MCM-41、La-MCM-41和Al-La-MCM-41介孔分子筛,通过XRD、IR、NH3-TPD吸附脱附、BET、热分析及CCl4吸附等方法对分子筛的晶体结构和表面物性进行了研究,XRD及BET研究结果表明,所合成的分子筛具有典型的六方介孔结构特征及较大的比表面积.NH3-TPD结果表明所合成的介孔分子筛均达到中强酸酸度.将Al-MCM-41、La-MCM-41和Al-La-MCM-41分别用于催化乙氧基化反应,研究结果表明Al-La-MCM-41具有更高的催化活性,Al-La-MCM-41为正辛醇质量的5%,反应温度为120℃,反应压力0.2MPa,n(醇)∶n(环氧乙烷)=1∶3时,正辛醇聚氧乙烯醚产品的收率达92%.     

溴化 N-烷基取代咪唑中离子热合成硅磷酸铝分子筛

 以溴化N-烷基取代咪唑离子液体为反应介质,采用离子热法合成了AEL型硅磷酸铝分子筛,并考察了不同离子液体和反应物中正硅酸四乙酯的添加量对分子筛结构的影响. 结果表明,以1-乙基-3-甲基溴化咪唑为反应介质,并引入正硅酸四乙酯时,产物为含有未知结构晶体的AEL型硅磷酸铝分子筛,而且随着正硅酸四乙酯添加量的增大,未知结构晶体增多. 以1-己基-3-甲基溴化咪唑为反应介质时,产物为高结晶度的上述未知结构晶体.     

有机硅骨架修饰的磷酸铝分子筛VPI-5的合成

分别以1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTESE)、1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烯(BTESEE)和苯基三乙氧基硅烷(PTES)为硅源, 通过一步法直接合成有机硅骨架修饰的磷酸铝分子筛VPI-5. 系统考察了各反应参数对产物结构与性质的影响, 并对产物的结构进行了表征. 表征结果表明, 有机基团通过硅原子被引入到分子筛骨架中. 有机基团的引入增加了分子筛的亲油性, 并且不同的有机基团对分子筛的亲油性的提高程度不同.     

中孔分子筛上择形烷基化反应的研究——Ⅰ.反应条件对甲苯甲醇择形烷基化反应的影响

早期的研究表明沸石催化剂能有效地促进烷基化反应,自中孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛问世以来,不少文献报导了用改性的ZSM-5分子筛做健化剂可使反应产物中对二甲苯选择性大大提高。而未改性的HZSM-5催化剂则一般不具有对位选择性。 SAPO-11分子筛是联合碳化物公司于1984年推出的一种新型的磷酸铝分子筛,它的催化性能和物化性质引起人们的普遍关注。     

硅改性ZSM－5沸石分子筛的酸性、孔径和择形催化性能的研究

在不同条件下用各种硅改性剂对ＺＳＭ－５沸石分子筛进行改性，并将其用于催化乙苯歧化生成对二乙苯的反应。实验结果表明，在合适条件下用ＳｉＣｌ＿４对ＺＳＭ－５改性后，可以获得高性能形选催化剂。硅改性可以有效地消除催化剂外表面酸中心，并能对分子筛孔道进行微调。根据反应结果和反应物在催化剂中的扩散系数判断，当改性后催化剂的孔道半径与ＮａＺＳＭ－Ｓ沸石孔道半径相近时，其催化选择性最佳。     

Esterification of Carboxylic Acids and Diacids by Trialkyl Borate under Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Conditions

Esterification or transesterification reactions are usually carried out in the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. However, recently a new method was reported for the esterification of carboxylic acids by tributyl borate under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. In order to show the synthetic ability of trialkyl borate esters in the esterification reactions, here, the esterification of other carboxylic acids and diacids by tributyl-, triisoamyl-, and tribenzyl borate under the same conditions were reported. Some of the prepared ester and diester products have found wide applications as plasticizers and synthetic ester base lubricants. The esterification reactions have been cleanly carried out in the absence of any solvent under catalyst-free conditions. The maximum rate belongs to isoamyl trichloroacetate （VIb） which reached about 76% within about 6.5 h. On the basis of obtained findings, it seems that electron withdrawing groups on carboxylic acid facilitate the esterification reaction.     

Highly Efficient Esterification of an Equimolar Amount of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols Catalyzed by ZrOCl_2·8H_2O

Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols is one of the most fundamental and useful transformations in organic synthesis. The most common catalysts are H2SO4 and TsOH. However, H2SO4 or TsOH-catalyzed esterification procedure has some problems such as corrosion, side reactions, difficulty in separation. Hence, recently, various solid acid catalysts such as ion-exchanged resins, molecular sieve, and heteropoly acids etc. have been employed for esterification reaction. However, the s…     

Influence of synthesis conditions on the cross-link architecture of silsesquioxanes prepared by in situ water production route

The esterification reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols has been used as the source of water for the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of difunctional and trifunctional organosilanes. Diphenylsilanediol (DPDO) has been reacted with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and the obtained products have been characterized by vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR, FT-Raman) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography. The relation between water availability from the in situ water production process (ISWP) and silsesquioxanes morphology has been evaluated in the case of DPDO/MPTMS mixtures, changing molecular features of acids and alcohols. These measurements have shown that the pK of the carboxylic acid used in the esterification reaction has a valuable influence on the silanes cross-linking ability. Acids with low pK values and heteroatoms substituents favor the silane hydrolysis and allow the growth of high molecular weight species. Using acetic acid/ethanol mixture leads to the best results for DPDO/MPTMS reaction, with a narrow distribution of silsesquioxane species. Under the same conditions, the reaction of DPDO with GPTMS produces polymeric species and only avoiding the presence of the difunctional precursor allows to limiting the silsesquioxanes species growth.     

非酸性介质中SAPO-5、SAPO-34型分子筛的合成

以三乙胺为模板剂,用水热晶化法,首次在非酸性介质中合成了SAPO-5、SAPO-34型分子筛.通过X-射线粒未衍射、电子探针微区分析、电子能谱及红外光谱进行了结构研究,确认合成样品为SAPO-5和SAPO—34型分子筛,并对它们的化学组成、热稳定性、表面酸性及吸附性能进行了研究。     

Investigation of the formation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with model molecules: Kinetics and mechanism of the catalytic esterification and alcoholysis reactions. I. Carboxylic acid catalysis (monofunctional reactants)

Monofunctional compounds (benzoic acid, heptyl alcohol, and 2-butoxy-ethanol) were used to investigate the kinetics of the esterification and the alcoholysis reactions. Carboxylic acids (benzoic acid) are the only catalysts present in the reaction medium. The factors which influence the kinetics of the esterification reaction were studied: the nature of the carboxylic acid (substituents on the benzene ring), the nature of the alcohol, the composition of the reaction medium (alcohol alone or with another solvent, ester, or water). The results point out for an acyl type (A_AC2) mechanism. The alcoholysis reaction needs the presence of carboxylic acid as a catalyst to occur significantly. A similar mechanism is proposed for both reactions: nucleophilic attack by the oxygen atom of the alcohol at the ion pair formed by protonation of the acid (esterification reaction) or by protonation of the ester (alcoholysis).     

3-氧杂多氟戊磺酸催化羧酸的酯化反应及其铜（Ⅱ)盐催化芳烃的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应

研究使用催化量的3-氧杂多氟戊磺酸催化等摩尔的羧酸和醇的酯化反应和催化 量3-氧杂多氟戊磺酸铜催化芳烃的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应，并取得较好结果．     

3-氧杂多氟戊磺酸催化羧酸的酯化反应及其铜(II)盐催化芳烃的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应

研究使用催化量的 3 氧杂多氟戊磺酸催化等摩尔的羧酸和醇的酯化反应和催化量 3 氧杂多氟戊磺酸铜催化芳烃的Friedel Crafts酰基化反应 ,并取得较好结果 .     

Formation of Amphiphilic Molecules from the Most Common Marine Polysaccharides,toward a Sustainable Alternative?

Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.     

Dual Brønsted acid/nucleophilic activation of carbonylimidazole derivatives

Carbonylimidazole derivatives have been found to be highly active acylation reagents for esterification and amidation in the presence of pyridinium salts. These reactions are thought to involve both Br?nsted acid and nucleophilic catalysis. This mode of activation has been applied to the synthesis of difficult to access oxazolidinones, as well as esters and amides. Finally, the use of pyridinium salts has been shown to accelerate the esterification of carboxylic acids with imidazole carbamates.     

Heterogeneous modification of various celluloses with fatty acids

Heterogeneous modification of various types of cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose whiskers and regenerated cellulose) was performed with long-chain fatty acids by an esterification reaction. The differences in reactivity between the celluloses were studied as well as the influences of the chain length and double bond content of the fatty acids. The success of the modification reaction and the structure of modified samples were studied with diverse characterization methods. Surface modification changed the thermal stability of cellulose by decreasing the degradation temperature but also made the pyrolysis curve two-stepped due to the double bonds in the fatty acid chain. It was observed that the nature of the fatty acid affected the degree of substitution (DS). The longer the fatty acid chain was, the lower was the DS. Fatty acids with increased double bond content gave decreased DS. Regenerated cellulose seemed to have the highest surface reactivity due to the distinct morphological structure, which also led to a much lower quantity of fatty acids attached to the structure than for other modified cellulose particles. The mixture of tall oil fatty acids behaved in the same manner as the commercial fatty acids, proving to be an excellent “green” choice for this kind of application.