Mass-spectrometric distinction of linear and angular 2,2'-dimethyl-3'-oxo-dihydropyranocoumarins

Summary The mass spectra of linear and angular 2,2-dimethyl-3-oxodihydropyranocoumarins and their deuterium analogs have been studied. A basic mass-spectrometric difference between these substances has been found which consists in the greater stability of the fragment (M - CO)⁺. for the linear isomer than for the angular isomer. A hypothesis has been put forward on the most probable route for the formation of the ion (M - 2CO - H)⁺ in the mass spectra of the compounds mentioned.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Patrice Lumumba International Friendship University, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 664–668, September–October, 1977.     

A study of the conformational states of cyclopeptide systems V. NMR spectra of cyclohexapeptides constructed from alanine and glycine residues, the spin-spin coupling constants of the NH-CH protons, and the "pleated-sheet" structure

Summary 1. On the basis of an analysis of the experimental and calculated data on peptide systems containing IMHBs of the 4 1 type, it has been shown that positions 2 and 5 in the preferred conformations of the cyclohexapeptides must be characterized by low values of the³J_NH-CH constants (1–5 Hz), and positions 3 and 6 by large values of these constants (7–10.5 Hz).2. The positions of the IMHBs in cyclohexapeptides including L-alanine and glycine residues have been refined, and the signals of the NH groups in the NMR spectra have been assigned to the individual amino acid residues.3. In the dominating conformations of the cyclohexapeptides, the lateral methyl groups of the alanine residues generally occupy the pseudoaxial orientation in positions 1, 3, 4, and 6 and the pseudoequatorial orientation in positions 2 and 5.For the preceding communication, see [1].M. M. Shemyakin Institute of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 339–346, May–June, 1971.     

Theoretical study of the isomers of the anions N2 −, P3 −, N2P−, and NP2 −

It has been shown by nonempirical calculations of the potential surfaces of the isomers that for the anions N₃ ^– and N₂P^– linear structures are somewhat more favorable than others. For P₃ ^– and P₂N^– there are several isomers lying close together: linear, angular, and cyclic. The stability of the cyclic relative to the linear isomers increases sharply when two or all of the atoms of the 2nd period are replaced by their analogs in the subgroups of the 3rd or later periods.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1590–1597, July, 1990.     

A theoretical analysis of the conformation of Ac-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Ala-NHMe with intramolecular hydrogen bonds

Summary 1. The optimum conformations of Ac-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Ala-NHMe with eight possible systems of intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been calculated by the method of theoretical conformational analysis.2. The structures found serve as canonical forms for the study of the conformational states of sections of peptide-protein systems with proline residues.3. It has been shown that the interaction of adjacent residues in the structure of the compound mentioned play the dominating role.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 233–238, March–April, 1976.     

Synthesis and some physicochemical properties of antamanide, retroantamanide, and perhydroantamanide

Summary The synthesis of antamanide, retroantamanide, and perhydroantamanide has been effected. It has been shown that the inversion of the direction of acylation — the equilibrium interchange of the valine and alanine residues (retroantamanide) — lowers the stability of the complexes with sodium and potassium in ethanolic solutions, while the replacement of the phenyl groups by cyclohexyl groups has practically no effect on complex formation.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 469–474, July–August, 1971.     

Ab initio investigation of tautomeric stability,molecular structure,and internal rotation of methylphosphonic dicyanide,methoxydicyanophosphine, and their isocyano analogs

The equilibrium geometric parameters and structures of the transition states of internal rotation for MeP(O)(CN)₂, McOP(CN)₂, and their isocyano analogs, MeP(O)(NC)₂ and MeOP(NC)₂, have been calculated by theab initio SCF method and with inclusion of electron correlation effects according to the second-order Muuller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). At both levels the 6-31G* basis set has been used. The estimation of relative stability of these tautomeric forms depends largely on the calculation level. The total energies of the cyanides calculated by the MP2 method are 25–30 kcal mol^–1 lower than those of the corresponding isocyanides. The oxo-tautomeric forms containing four-coordinate phosphorus are 15–25 kcal mol^–1 more stable than the three-coordinate phosphorus aci-derivatives. The internal rotation potential curves of the aci-forms are characterized by a deep minimum for thetrans-arrangement of the methoxy group and phosphorus lone electron pair. Two additional less clearly pronounced minima are located symmetrically on both sides of the weak maximum, which corresponds to thecis-arrangement. The equilibrium oxo-form structures have a staggered configuration of the methyl group with respect to the phosphorus atom bonds.Translated from izvestiyaAkademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1104–1115, May, 1996.     

A mass-spectroscopic study of the terpenoid coumarins mogoltadone,gummosin, and farnesiferol A

Summary The mass spectra of the terpenoid coumarins mogoltadone (I), gummosin (II), and farnesiferol A (III) and their deuterium analogs (IV–VI) have been studied. It has been shown that the main and auxiliary directions of the decomposition of the molecular ions of the substances are similar to the dissociative ionization of the terpenoid coumarins studied previously. The fragmentation of the ions corresponding to the terpene residues of these compounds permits the determination of the presence of keto and hydroxy groups in the bicyclic terpene system and provides the possibility of distinguishing the stereoisomers (II) and (III) with different orientations of the hydroxy groups and also of determining the presence in the terpene residue of a gem-dimethyl grouping in the vicinal position to the keto or hydroxy group.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Patrice Lumumba International Friendship University. Moscow Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 207–212, March–April, 1977.     

Sonoelectroanalysis: investigation of bismuth-film-modified glassy carbon electrodes

Bismuth-modified glassy carbon electrodes have been investigated for their suitability in sonoelectroanalysis. The stability of the bismuth film to the application of ultrasound was assessed via voltammetric and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies which revealed little ablation at powers up to an intensity of 130 W cm^–2 delivered from a 25-kHz sonic horn. Furthermore, bismuth-film-modified glassy carbon electrodes were evaluated for the sonoelectroanalytical quantification of zinc and cadmium. Detection limits of 2×10^–7 M and 6×10^–9 M respectively were found after a 60-s deposition time via an acoustically assisted deposition protocol.     

Speciation of Pu ions by differential pulse polarography

By means of differential pulse polarography, Pu ions of different oxidation states have been investigated in 1M Na₂CO₃ solution. Redox reactions of Pu/III/, Pu/IV/, Pu/V/ and Pu/VI/, which are mostly of irreversible nature, have been observed within the potential range of the dropping mercury electrode /DME/, from 0 to –1.5 V, against a Ag/AgCl/NaCl (3M) reference electrode. Based on the peak potential observed for each reaction, the stability of a given oxidation state in the solution could be ascertained. The redox potential of the Pu/IV/–Pu/III/ pair, which was found to be –1.0 V, indicated that the Pu/IV/ carbonate complex was of high stability. The detection sensitivity of the Pu/IV/ ion was found to be 1×10^–6M.     

Mass spectrometic investigation of the structure and formation mechanism of ions in the autoionization of aliphatic alcohols

The structure and formation mechanism of ions in the field ionization of methanol and ethanol have been studied by isotopic labeling with O¹⁸ and deuterium, and mass spectrometric analysis. It is shown that these alcohols give identical mass spectra in the molecular ion region, these consisting of four lines: M+1, M, M–1, and M–2. The M+2 ions have the structure ROH·H⁺ while the M–1 ions are (R–H)·OH⁺. For methanol the M–2 ions have the structure of formaldehyde, and for ethanol they have those of both an aldehyde and a vinyl alcohol. It is also shown that field ionization may be used to study the catalytic oxidation of alcohols over platinum by free oxygen.     

Dibromine radical anion reactions with heme enzymes

Reactions of Br ₂ ^– radical anion with heme enzymes, catalase and horseradish peroxidase, have been studied by pulse radiolysis. It has been found that Br ₂ ^– does not react with the heme centre of investigated enzymes. Dibromine radical anion reacts with tryptophan residues of catalase without any influence on the activity of catalase. It is suggested that in pulse radiolysis studies, where horseradish peroxidase is at about tenfold excess towards Br ₂ ^– , the enzyme is modified rather by Br₂, than by Br ₂ ^– .     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and properties of [Cu(LH)]2[M(mnt)2] [M = Ni or Cu; H2L = 3,3′-(1,3-propanediyldinitrilo)-bis(2-butanone oxime); mnt2− = maleonitriledithiolate] complexes containing bridging cyano groups

Interesting complexes containing a mnt^2– bridge, based on the reaction of [M(mnt)₂]^2– [M = Ni or Cu] with [Cu(LH)]⁺, have been prepared and characterized by e.s.m.s., i.r and u.v–vis. spectroscopic techniques and by electrochemistry. The complexes show weak antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic centers. The X-ray analysis of the molecular structure of [Cu(LH)]₂[Ni(mnt)₂] has been completed. It structurally features the CN group of mnt^2– which can act as a bridging ligand between two transition metals.     

Transport study of V(V), Zn(II) and Be(II) using supported liquid membranes

V(V), Zn(II) and Be(II) have been studied to test oxine and tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) as carriers for transport through supported liquid membranes in polypropylene film. All the three types of ions can be passed through such membranes using oxine in case of V(V) and TBP in case of Zn(II) and Be(II). Maximum flux of metal ions has been observed from 0.01M H₂SO₄ for V(V) (3.22·10^–6 mol·m^–2·s^–1) and 2M HCl containing 3M CaCl₂ for Zn(II) solution (1.4·10^–6 mol·m^–2·s^–1). Low flux was observed in case of Be(II) since the membrane was affected by sulphocyanide group and did not remain hydrophobic. Mechanism of transport for these metal ions have been proposed separately. Distribution coefficient data for V(V) have also been evaluated to determine theoretical values of the permeability coefficient, and compared with experimental values.     

Rare earth element complexation by fluoride ions in aqueous solution

Rare earth fluoride stability constants for Ce, Eu, Gd, Tb and Yb at 25°C have been determined by examining the influence of fluoride ions on the distribution of rare earths between tributyl phosphate (TBP) and 0.68M NaClO₄. Our results indicate that rare earth mono and difluoro complexation constants show a steady increase as a function of atomic number from La to Tb but remain relatively constant after Dy. This behavior is similar to that which has been observed for dicarboxylic acids. Stepwise stability constant ratios, K₂/K₁, obtained in our work (where K₁=[MF²⁺][M³⁺]^–1[F^–]^–1 and K₂=[MF ₂ ⁺ ]^–1[MF²⁺]^–1[F^–]^–1) indicated that, for all rare earths, K₂/K₁=0.09±0.03.     

The Complexes of Holmium with Methylenediphosphonate and 1-Hydroxyethylidenephosphonate

The composition and stability of holmium methylenediphosphonate (MDP) and 1-hydroxyethylidenephosphonate (HEDP) complexes were studied by potentiometric titration methods in 0.1M NaCl at 25 °C. It was found that besides L^4– anions the protonated H _n L^(4–n)– species (n = 1–3 for MDP and n = 1–4 for HEDP) are present in the pH region 3 to 10. The presence of the undissociated acids (H₄L) has not been unambiguously proved for MDP. The complexes of the composition HoH _n L (n varies from 1 to –2 for MDP and from 1 to –1 for HEDP) have been found if the concentration of the ligand is higher than the concentration of holmium. The protonation constants of both acids and the stability constants of the complexes discussed were determined and the comparison with literature data of analogical complexes of other lanthanides was performed.     

Hydroxy acids of the seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides

With the aid of the mass-spectrometric method and making use of the advantages of an instrument with dual focusing, 25 hydroxy-acid components have been detected in the seed oil of the sea buckthorn, their main representatives being coriolic and dimorphecolic acids. They are accompanied by their homologs: 13-hydroxyhexadeca-9,11-dienoic and 9-hydroxypentadeca-10,12-dienoic, and isomers. Ricinoleic acid and its isomer 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid and trienoic acids are present in smaller amounts. Four new hydroxy acids have been found in seed oils for the first time: 11-hydroxytridec-9-enoic, 9-hydroxypentadeca-10,12-dienoic, 13-hydroxyhexadeca-9,11-dienoic, and 9,12-dihydroxynonadec-15-enoic.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 161–168, March–April, 1986.     

Solvent Extraction Separation of Th(IV) and U(VI) with PC-88A

Liquid-liquid extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) has been investigated by commercial extractant PC-88A in toluene. The optimum conditions for extraction of these metals have been established by studying the various parameters like acid concentration/pH, reagent concentration, diluents and shaking time. The extraction of Th(IV) was found to be quantitative with 0.1–1.0M HNO₃ acid and in the pH range 1.0–4.0 while U(VI) was completely extracted in the pH range 1.0–3.5 with 2.5·10^–2M and 2.·10^–2M PC-88A in toluene, respectively. The probable extracted species have been ascertained by log D-log C plot as ThR₄·4HR and UO₂R₂·2HR, respectively. The method permits separation of Th(IV) and U(VI) from associated metals with a recovery of 99.0%.     

Rodlike micelles of dimethyloleylamine oxide in aqueous NaCl solutions,and their flexibility and size distribution

Angular dependence of light scattering from aqueous NaCl solutions of dimethyloleylamine oxide has been measured in the presence of NaCl from 5×10^–4 M to 10^–1 M at 25 °C. The molecular weight and radius of gyration of micelles increase with increasing micelle concentration and reach constant values, suggesting occurrence of the sphere-rod equilibrium dependent on the micelle concentration. With increasing NaCl concentration, rodlike micelles are larger in molecular weight and become longer. The micelles formed at NaCl concentrations higher than 10^–3 M are nearly monodisperse when the micelle concentration is high.Rodlike micelles of dimethyloleylamine oxide in 10^–2 M and 5 × 10^–2 M NaCl solutions have molecular weights of 4,760,000 and 6,900,000, respectively, and behave as semi-flexible or wormlike chains. In 5×10^–2 M NaCl they have a contour length of 5750 Å and a persistence length of 1760 Å. These micelle parameters correspond to the end-to-end distance of 3780 Å and the number of Kuhn's statistical segments of 1.64. The large aggregation number of the rodlike micelles is induced by the strong cohesion of long hydrocarbon chains in solution, and their flexibility is caused by the hydration of amine oxide groups.     

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of trace amounts of 2-nitronaphthalene

The polarographic behaviour of 2-nitronaphthalene was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a dropping mercury electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry, both at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Optimum conditions have been found for the determination of 2-nitronaphthalene by the given methods in the concentration ranges of 2×10^–6–1×10^–4, 2×10^–7–1×10^–4, 1×10^–8–1×10^–4 and 2×10^–9–1×10^–8 M, respectively. Practical applicability of these techniques was demonstrated by the determination of 2-nitronaphthalene in drinking and river water after its preliminary separation and preconcentration using liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction with limits of determination of 3×10^–10 M (drinking water) and 3×10^–9 M (river water).     

Adsorption of low level51Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by bismuth trioxide: Kinetic and IR study

Radiotracer technique has been used for the investigation of adsorption of chromium (VI) traces on bismuth trioxide from aqueous solution. The effect of pH (2–10), concentration of chromate solution (10^–6–10^–2M) and temperature (303–323 K) has been thoroughly investigated. The influence of certain foreign ions has also been studied. The calculated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicate the first order rate law, spontaneity and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. Further, IR studies have established the chemical interaction between the sorbate and sorbent and a possible mechanism of the sorption process based on ligand exchange has been proposed.