压力场中光纤应变测量方法研究

本文对压力场环境下的光纤应变测量方法进行了研究，在理论上分析了由于测试环境的压力变化产生虚假应变的原因，提出了采用补偿的方法消除虚假应变。通过具有补偿功能的马赫－泽得干涉系统对应变场进行了测量，证明了补偿法的可靠性，为光纤应变测量方法向实用化转变进行了有益的探讨。     

光子晶体光纤陀螺光纤环偏振特性

光子晶体光纤陀螺技术是解决光纤陀螺空间辐照及热漂移问题的重要技术途径,其中光子晶体光纤环是影响光纤陀螺性能的关键。仿真分析了光子晶体光纤的双折射与结构设计的关系,并计算了光纤的双折射和光纤环绕制过程引入的附加双折射的温度灵敏度,利用白光干涉仪,对光子晶体光纤环和普通的保偏光纤环进行了对比测试分析。试验结果表明,光子晶体光纤环具有较低的偏振特性温度灵敏度,双折射温度系数比普通保偏光纤低接近1个量级,引起的陀螺偏振误差也比普通保偏光纤环小1倍左右。试验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

干涉型光纤应变测试方法的感应光纤

本文讨论了干涉型光纤应变测试方法中感应光纤的基本测量原理，对直线形和圆弧形栅状感应光纤进行了分析，同时介绍了直线形栅状感应光纤的制作方法。利用马赫－泽德干涉光纤应变测试系统和直线形栅状感应光纤测量了等强度悬臂梁的应变，测试结果与理论应变值进行了比较，相对误差为１．６７％。     

光纤陀螺的热分析与热设计方法

光纤陀螺随温度变化产生的热噪声及热致非互易性相移误差直接影响其使用精度。为解决温度问题,分析了光纤陀螺工作的热环境,根据光纤陀螺的体积功率密度选择了自然冷却方法,包括导热、自然对流和辐射换热的单独作用或组合。通过分析光纤线圈及其他光电器件的温度特性及温度变化产生误差的机理,指出热设计的目的是控制光纤陀螺内部的温度场分布及最高温度,并对光纤陀螺的热设计方法进行研究,包括光纤线圈的热设计、光电器件的安装方式、控制电路的热设计等。由最后热仿真与测试结果可知,热设计方法合理可行。     

低温环境下光纤位移传感器测试系统的实验研究

作者进行了光纤位移传感器在低温环境下的实验研究，分析了传感器的原理，测试了其室温、液氮温度下的静态传输特性，并进行了标定。实验时采取的参考光强度补偿的措施，消除了光源、光纤衰减等波动对测试结果的影响。利用本传感器系统测试了19芯纯Ag包套的高温超导带材Bi222在液氮温度下的应力－应变关系，以及应力－临界电流之间的关系，结果与理论分析相一致。实验结果表明，该传感器可以在液氮温度下正常工作，且具有测量范围大、测试精度高等优点，同时还克服了低温应变片仅能测试出复合材料基体或者包套应变的缺点。     

光纤陀螺用保偏光纤温度敏感性测试与分析

针对高精度光纤陀螺的温度敏感性问题,重点研究了光纤陀螺用保偏光纤温度性能。利用具有高空间分辨率的脉冲预泵浦光时域分析技术,测量不同温度点光纤的长度变化量,再根据光纤长度随温度的变化量与折射率温度系数的关系,给出光纤的折射率温度系数。试验共测量了8种国内和国外主流保偏光纤的折射率温度系数,测试结果显示:8种光纤折射率温度系数的最大值与最小值之间相差14%;某型国内保偏光纤与某型国外保偏光纤的折射率温度系数最小,量值基本相同。这种不同类型的保偏光纤折射率温度系数的差异与光纤纤芯的掺杂元素及掺杂浓度是直接相关的。该项测试技术可在基础材料层面提升光纤陀螺的温度性能;通过折射率温度系数测试,优选出更加适用于光纤环圈制作的保偏光纤,从而减小光纤陀螺温度Shupe效应误差,对于提高光纤陀螺的温度性能具有重要意义。     

基于Bragg光纤光栅的位移-应变传感器分析

光纤光栅传感器技术应用于力学测试是国内外正在发展的一门新技术.本文基于光纤光栅传感的基本原理,介绍了一种用于位移测量的应变传感器,测得应变与位移变化具有良好的线性特点,重复性好;对该传感器的测量过程进行了有限元模拟,并与实验值进行了比较.     

光纤光栅传感器对钢筋混凝土内部应变的测量及温度效应的研究

本文应用光纤光栅传感器实现了对钢筋混凝土试件内部应变的测量．试验不仅就应用光纤光栅进行混凝土结构内部应变测量的技术、工艺进行研究，还通过设计温度控制试验，考察了光纤光栅传感器的温度补偿问题，以及横向应变对测量结果的影响．     

分布式光纤传感器测量数据可靠性分析方法

分析了分布式光纤传感器测量结果的可靠性,提出从应变系数和温度系数标定到分布式光纤传感器物理量测量以及结果评价的方法,设计了分布式光纤传感器的应变系数和温度系数标定装置,同时分析了应变标定装置的不确定度来源,采用基于光频域反射技术的分布式光纤解调仪进行了实验验证.应变标定范围为-5000με?5000με,温度标定范围为...     

光子晶体光纤陀螺技术及其首次空间试验

光子晶体光纤具有抗辐射、抗弯曲、抗磁场干扰和温度敏感性低等优势,是空间用光纤陀螺的理想选择.针对空间用光纤陀螺,提出了四层孔和双层孔陀螺用光子晶体光纤结构,突破了光子晶体光纤长距离拉制关键技术,批量制备了陀螺用长距离低损耗实芯光子晶体光纤与空芯光子晶体光纤,利用开发的光子晶体光纤周向散射、背向散射、温度、磁等性能测试设...     

Circumferential strain measurement for a concrete cylinder in uniaxial compression by a fiber optic sensor

This paper deals with circumferential strain measurement for concrete in uniaxial compression by using a fiber optic sensing system. A fiber optic sensing system was employed to measure the elongation of the optical fiber for a cylindrical concrete specimen in uniaxial compression by using white light interferometry. A theoretical model describing the relationship between the elongation of the fiber glass and the circumferential strain of cylindrical concrete specimen in uniaxial compression is proposed. Some tests were performed to verify the measurement method. The results indicate that the proposed method is valid.     

A fiber optic sensor for transverse strain measurement

A fiber optic sensor capable of measuring two independent components of transverse strain is described. The sensor consists of a single Bragg grating written into high-birefringent, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. When light from a broadband source is used to illuminate the sensor, the spectra of light reflected from the Bragg grating contain two peaks corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes of the fiber. Two independent components of transverse strain in the core of the fiber can be computed from the changes in wavelength of the two peaks if axial strain and temperature changes in the fiber are zero or known. Experiments were performed to determine the response of the sensor by loading an uncoated sensor in diametral compression over a range of fiber orientations relative to the loading. The results of these experiments were used with a finite element model to determine a calibration matrix relating the transverse strain in the sensor to the wavelength shifts of the Bragg peaks. The performance of the sensor was then verified by measuring the transverse strains produced by loading the fiber in a V-groove fixture.     

DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL STRAIN IN 3-D BRAIDED COMPOSITES USING OPTIC FIBER STRAIN SENSORS

A reliable understanding of the properties of 3-D braided composites is of primary importance for proper utilization of these materials. A new method is introduced to study the mechanical performance of braided composite materials using embedded optic fiber sensors. Experimental research is performed to devise a method of incorporating optic fibers into a 3-D braided composite structure. The efficacy of this new testing method is evaluated on two counts. First, the optical performance of optic fibers is studied before and after incorporated into 3-D braided composites, as well as after completion of the manufacturing process for 3-D braided composites, to validate the ability of the optic fiber to survive the manufacturing process. On the other hand, the influence of incorporated optic fiber on the original braided composite is also researched by tension and compression experiments. Second, two kinds of optic fiber sensors are co-embedded into 3-D braided composites to evaluate their respective ability     

Distributed strain sensing using frequency-modulated continuous-wave reflectometric optical technique

This paper presents an analysis describing the feasibility of a distributed optical fiber strain sensor whose principle of operation is based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) reflectometry technique. The system consists of a frequency-swept laser diode and an unbalanced two-beam interferometer. In this system, the test arm comprises a number of single-mode fibers, which act as the sensing fibers, with a mirror at the far end and mechanical splices as the connectors, as well as the reflectors. Theoretical analysis shows that the measuring resolution of the strain is inversely proportional to the length of the sensing fiber. The strain variation of the sensing fiber is measured by demodulating the phase shift of the beat signal using a heterodyne signal processing system, and therefore the requirement of a high precision temperature control of the light source can be eliminated in this way. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental values of the strain resolution showed excellent agreement.     

碳纳米管纤维及其传感器力电性能实验研究

基于UTM T150微纳米力学测试系统搭建了纤维力电耦合测试平台,并对碳纳米管纤维进行了多组力电耦合作用下的拉伸性能实验研究。通过观察分析碳纳米管纤维的电阻-应变曲线,发现其电阻变化与应变大小密切相关,随着应变的不断变大,碳纳米管纤维的电阻也在逐渐增加。基于此,设计制作了碳纳米管纤维柔性应变传感器,并将其贴在标准试件上分别进行了弯曲变形测试、单次/循环加载性能测试以及标定实验。结果表明:当对试件进行加载时,碳纳米管纤维柔性应变传感器的电阻会随着载荷的增大而增大;当载荷逐渐消失时,其电阻会逐渐减小直至回归初始电阻值附近。这表明碳纳米管纤维具备优异的电学与力学特性,并且利用它所制作的柔性应变传感器也有着较好的灵敏度与稳定性。     

绞合式光纤应变传感器

研究了一种可用于工程结构状态监测的本征型强度调制光纤应变传感器,由两根以上多模光纤相互绞合形成,分析了该传感器的应变传感原理,得到其既能测量拉应变,又有测定压应变的结论,传感器对应变的响应具有良好的线性和重复性、灵敏度高、无迟滞现象,对钢筋拉应变、混凝土压就矿业的实验结果与理论分析一致,表明该传感器是适合土木工程测量、结构状态监测等方面的较为理想的光纤传感器。     

Estimating deflection of a simple beam model using fiber optic bragg-grating sensors

In this paper, we develop a method to estimate the bridge deflection using fiber optic Bragg-grating (FBG) strain sensors. For most structural evaluation of bridge integrity, it is very important to measure the geometric profile, which is a major factor representing the global behavior of civil structures, especially bridges. In the past, because of the lack of appropriate methods to measure the deflection curve of bridges on site, the measurement of deflection has been restricted to just a few discrete points along the bridge, and the measuring points have been limited to the locations installed with displacement transducers. However, by applying classical beam theory, a formula is rearranged to estimate the continuously deflected profile by using strains measured directly from several points. In addition, FBG strain sensors, which are electromagnetic, noise-free and multipoint measurable, are employed to obtain flexural strains more accurately and stably. The regression analysis is performed to obtain a strain function from the measured strain data. Finally, the deflection curve can be estimated by applying the strain function to the formula. An experimental test has also been carried out to verify the developed method.     

高温合金材料循环相关热机械疲劳寿命预测

在变温非线性运动强化规律所描述的高温合金材料热机械寿命应力－应变循环特性的基础上，讨论了应变控制的循环相关热机械疲劳寿命预测技术，所建模型采用了由应变以密度表示的损伤参数，并且引入了温度损伤系数，考虑了温度变化范围以及温度循环和应变循环相位关系对疲劳寿命的影响，在确定模型的一些参数，采用等温力学试验和疲劳试验的数据，为了把等温疲劳研究成果推广到变温疲劳分析领域，开辟了新的途径。