根际土壤溶液中磷的毛细管电泳分析

应用毛细管区带电泳间接紫外吸收法,对测定根际土壤溶液中PO43-的检测波长、电泳温度、分离电压和电解液组成等参数进行了选择,发展了根际土壤溶液中PO34-浓度的毛细管电泳分析法。选择后的电泳条件为:电解液为32mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷+4mmol/L1,2,4-苯三酸+0.3mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(pH=8.5);检测波长为205nm,分离电压为-20kV,温度为25℃。本方法有效地屏蔽了土壤溶液中Cl-,SO42-和NO3-等离子对PO43-测定的影响,对根际土壤溶液中PO43-的检出限为0.68mg/L(S/N=3);回收率为87.2%～99.4%,适于测定微量根际土壤溶液样品中PO34-的浓度。     

LiPF_6/三氟乙酰胺室温熔盐的制备及在碳-碳电容器中的性能

利用LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺为前驱物,制备了低共熔温度约为-62℃的室温熔盐,并测试了该熔盐作为碳-碳电化学电容器(EDLCs)电解液时的性能。其中,使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(FTIR)分析了不同LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺配比熔盐的热稳定性,拟制了该二元组分的共熔相图,认为LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺极性基团间的氢键作用促成了室温熔盐的形成。循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)和电导等测定结果表明,所制备的LiPF6/三氟乙酰胺电解液的室温电导率为1.30mS/cm,电化学窗口大于5.6V,大于60℃的使用温度,作为电解液可满足碳-碳EDLCs的使用要求。     

Preparation and Performances of Room Molten Salt as Electrolyte in Carbon-carbon Capacitor Based on LiPFe and Trifluoroacetamide

利用LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺为前驱物,制备了低共熔温度约为-62℃的室温熔盐,并测试了该熔盐作为碳-碳电化学电容器（EDLCs）电解液时的性能。其中,使用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和红外光谱法（FTIR）分析了不同LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺配比熔盐的热稳定性,拟制了该二元组分的共熔相图,认为LiPF6和三氟乙酰胺极性基团间的氢键作用促成了室温熔盐的形成。循环伏安（CV）、交流阻抗（EIS）和电导等测定结果表明,所制备的LiPF6/三氟乙酰胺电解液的室温电导率为1.30mS/cm,电化学窗口大于5.6V,大于60℃的使用温度,作为电解液可满足碳-碳EDLCs的使用要求。     

石墨负极在Et4NBF4+LiPF6/EC+PC+DMC电解液中的电化学行为

在PC+EC+DMC复合溶剂体系中, 研究了Et4NBF4(四氟硼酸四乙基铵)与LiPF6组成的复合盐电解质对石墨负极材料界面性质的影响. 用循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试方法研究了电解液与石墨负极的相容性, 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对固体电解质中间相膜(SEI)的成分变化进行了研究. 结果表明, 电解液中的Et4NBF4参与了SEI膜的形成; 当Et4NBF4浓度为0.2 和0.5 mol·L-1时, 电池首次充放电不可逆容量损失明显减少, 循环效率分别上升到76.0%和81.6%. Et4NBF4/LiPF6复合盐电解质改善了PC基电解质与石墨负极的相容性.     

温度对LiCoO2中锂离子嵌脱过程的影响

摘要 运用EIS研究了LiCoO2正极在1M LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC和1M LiPF6-PC:DMC+5%VC电解液中0~30℃范围内阻抗谱特征、SEI膜阻抗、电子电阻和电荷传递电阻等随温度的变化。结果表明,LiCoO2正极的EIS谱特征与温度有关,随温度的升高其低频区域在1M LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC和1M LiPF6-PC:DMC+5%VC电解液中分别于10和20℃出现反映锂离子固态扩散的斜线。LiCoO2正极在 1M LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC和1M LiPF6-PC:DMC+5%VC电解液中,锂离子迁移通过SEI膜的离子跳跃能垒平均值分别为37.74和26.55KJ/mol;电子电导率的热激活化能平均值分别为39.08和53.81KJ/mol;嵌入反应活化能平均值分别为68.97和73.73KJ/mol。     

锂离子电池电解液低温导电性能的研究

本文研究了用于锂电池的LiPF6＿乙烯碳酸酯(EC)＿甲基乙酸酯(MA)电解液体系,测定了该体系在不同的溶剂配比和盐浓度下于20℃～-50℃时的电导率,给出该体系性能最佳的溶剂配比和盐浓度,以此进行循环伏安和充放电测试,并与商用电解液(LiPF6 EC 二乙基碳酸酯(DEC)进行了比较.     

温度对石墨电极性能的影响

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)并结合循环伏安法(CV)研究了石墨电极25和60 ℃时在1 mol·L-1 LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯):DEC(碳酸二乙酯):DMC(碳酸二甲酯)电解液中, 以及60 ℃时在1 mol·L-1 LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC+5%VC(碳酸亚乙烯酯)电解液中的首次阴极极化过程. 发现高温下(60 ℃)石墨电极在1 mol·L-1 LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC电解液中可逆循环容量衰减的主要原因在于其表面无法形成稳定的固体电解质相界面(SEI)膜. 实验结果显示, VC添加剂能够增进高温下石墨电极表面SEI膜的稳定性, 进而改进石墨电极的循环性能.     

电解液组成对尖晶石LiMn_2O_4中锂离子嵌脱过程的影响

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了尖晶石LiMn2O4正极在1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)∶DEC(碳酸二乙酯)∶DMC(碳酸二甲酯),1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC∶DEC∶EMC(碳酸甲乙酯)和1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC∶DMC三种不同电解液中,-20-20℃范围内的阻抗谱特征随温度的变化.研究结果表明,温度强烈影响尖晶石LiMn2O4正极的阻抗谱特征,而电解液组成对尖晶石LiMn2O4正极阻抗谱特征的影响较小,但电解液组成对锂离子在尖晶石LiMn2O4正极中嵌入脱出过程相关动力学参数影响较大.测得尖晶石LiMn2O4正极在上述三种电解液中,锂离子迁移通过固体电解质相界面(SEI)膜的离子跳跃能垒平均值分别为7.60、16.40和18.40kJ·mol-1;电子电导率的热激活化能平均值分别为44.77、35.47和68.06kJ·mol-1;嵌入反应活化能平均值分别为52.19、46.19和69.86kJ·mol-1.     

石墨负极在Et4NBF4＋LiPF6/EC＋PC＋DMC电解液中的电化学行为

在PC+EC+DMC复合溶剂体系中,研究了Et4NBF4(四氟硼酸四乙基铵)与LiPF6组成的复合盐电解质对石墨负极材料界面性质的影响.用循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试方法研究了电解液与石墨负极的相容性,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对固体电解质中间相膜(SEI)的成分变化进行了研究.结果表明,电解液中的Et4NBF4参与了SEI膜的形成;当Et4NBF4浓度为0.2和0.5mol·L-1时,电池首次充放电不可逆容量损失明显减少,循环效率分别七升到76.O%和81.6%.Et4NBF4/LiPF6复合盐电解质改善了PC基电解质与石墨负极的相容性.     

锂离子电池中电解液的热行为分析

以DSC方法研究分析了1M LiPF6 EC-DMC-EMC(1:1:1,质量比)电解液在锂离子电池中的热行为.锂离子电池中,电解液的热行为主要体现在三方面:电解液的热分解、参与充电态石墨负极的热分解反应、与Li0.5CoO2的热分解产物发生复杂的化学反应.电解液热分解反应是EMC分解生成DEC、DMC,而DEC、DMC与LiPF6的分解产物PF5发生系列的化学反应,释放大量热与气体.Li0.5CoO2分解释放的氧气导致电解液的分解产物及有机溶剂的燃烧,释放大量热与小分子气体.燃烧反应释放的大量热促使Li0.5CoO2的分解产物Co3O4的继续分解;当达到300℃以上时,由LI0.5CoO2分解生成的LiCoO2可能与燃烧产物CO2发生反应以及其他系列的化学反应.充电态的石墨电极的DSC结果表明,电极表面形成固体电解质膜(SEI膜)的碎裂反应是主要的放热反应,LiC6与粘结剂及电解液的放热反应相对较弱.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.