CO_2水合物导热特性的分子动力学模拟

使用分子动力学模拟方法在NVT系综下对结构完整CO_2水合物以及结构缺陷CO_2水合物进行了导热模拟计算.对于结构完整的CO_2水合物,在200-230 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4684 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性较弱;而在230-280 K温度区间内,体系导热系数由0.4836 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)变化到0.7494 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),温度相关性变强;另外,通过计算功率图谱发现主体分子对水合物体系的导热贡献更大.对于结构缺陷CO_2水合物,发现晶穴占有率和笼形结构缺陷对体系导热均有一定影响,空笼晶胞导热系数约为完整晶胞导热系数的86.67%,体系的导热能力主要取决于主体结构的性质.     

CO2水合物生长特性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学对CO2水合物生长进行模拟并分析其变化规律,探究了CO2水合物晶体生长的微观过程以及不同温度、压力条件对水合物生长特性的影响机理. CO2水合物的生长是从已有晶胞附近向外扩散并逐具有序性的过程,水分子间逐渐形成四面体氢键与CO2共同形成完整的水合物笼. 另外, CO2水合物生长需要合适的过冷度,在压力为30MPa、温度范围265K至275K,水合物笼型晶胞可正常生成,并且温度越低,生成速率越快;在高温290K和300K时,体系分子运动加剧,水合物笼直接散开. 此外,在温度为270K、不同压力条件下,发现相较温度而言,由于CO2溶解度随压力变化的不明显性,导致CO2水合物增长速度伴随压力的变化相对不敏感.     

用分子动力学模拟甲烷水合物热激法分解

用分子动力学模拟方法研究甲烷水合物热激法分解，系统地研究注入340 K液态水的结构Ⅰ型甲烷水合物的分解机理.模拟显示水合物表层水分子与高温液态水分子接触获得热能，分子运动激烈，摆脱水分子间的氢键束缚，笼状结构被破坏.甲烷分子获得热能从笼中挣脱，向外体系扩散.热能通过分子碰撞从外层传递给内层水分子，水合物逐层分解.对比注入277K液态水体系模拟结果，得出热激法促进水合物分解. 关键词： 甲烷水合物 分子动力学模拟 热激法     

CH4水合物生长速率影响因素的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟,研究了温度、压力和电解质溶液对CH4水合物生长速率的影响.通过分析势能、均方位移、氢键数量、径向分布函数和四体结构有序参数,表征了CH4水合物的生长动力学.模拟结果表明,降低温度和提高压力可以显著提高CH4水合物的生长速率.当压力恒为15MPa,温度高于290K时,势能升高,CH4水合物晶体发生分解;温度由290K降至260K时,势能降低,CH4水合物持续生长.当温度恒为275K,压力由3MPa增至50MPa时,CH4水合物生长速率提高12%.此外,电解质离子的存在抑制了水合物的生长,电解质溶液浓度由1.5wt%增加到3.5wt%时, CH4水合物生长速率降低25%.     

不同构型石墨炔储氢性能的分子动力学比较研究

相关研究表明石墨炔是一种潜在的吸附储氢材料,然而石墨炔有不同的构型,不同构型石墨炔的储氢性能差异及原因尚未明晰。本研究基于分子动力学模拟,对α-GY、β-GY、γ-GY及GDY四种典型构型的石墨炔的吸氢性能进行了对比研究,分析了压力和温度对吸氢性能的影响,并剖析了吸氢性能差异的本质。研究发现β-GY和GDY两种构型的石墨炔吸氢性能在高压下优于其他两种构型,较低的温度有利于提高吸氢能力,而在较高压下提高压力对吸氢能力的影响不大;与石墨烯所要求高压相比,石墨炔在较低的压力下就可以实现高密度的氢气储存,例如α-GY在100 K的温度和0.5 MPa的压力下就可获得ω(H₂)=15.28的储氢密度,因此石墨炔有望成为一种性能更佳的吸附储氢材料。     

单壁碳纳米管储氢的第一原理分子动力学模拟

本文用第一性原理平面波赝势方法模拟研究了手性单壁碳纳米管与氢分子的相互作用,考察了碳纳米管直径对储氢性能的影响。对单壁碳纳米管储氢的模拟结果表明: (1)物理吸附时,H2可以吸附在空腔内,也可以吸附在管与管之间的空隙中,纳米管内部的氢吸附力均高于管外,而“完好无损”的H2分子不能够穿过管壁而进入管内。(2)化学吸附时,碳纳米管对氢的吸附首先出现在管的边缘附近,碳纳米管局部会发生形变,SWCNTs的张力会随C-H键的增加而增大,系统不稳定。（3）随着直径的增加,纳米管内、外的氢吸附力差异减小。     

单壁碳纳米管储氢的第一原理分子动力学模拟

本文用第一性原理平面波赝势方法模拟研究了手性单壁碳纳米管与氢分子的相互作用,考察了碳纳米管直径对储氢性能的影响.对单壁碳纳米管储氢的模拟结果表明:(1)物理吸附时,H2可以吸附在空腔内,也可以吸附在管与管之间的空隙中,纳米管内部的氢吸附力均高于管外,而“完好无损”的H2分子不能够穿过管壁而进入管内.(2)化学吸附时,碳纳米管对氢的吸附首先出现在管的边缘附近,碳纳米管局部会发生形变,SWCNTs的张力会随C-H键的增加而增大,系统不稳定.(3)随着直径的增加,纳米管内、外的氢吸附力差异减小.     

氮气水合物储氢的激光拉曼光谱研究

近年来,笼型水合物储氢已成为储氢研究的热点之一。采用激光拉曼光谱开展了以氮气水合物为载体的储氢实验研究。在较为温和的条件下(15 MPa, -18 ℃),使合成的氮气水合物与氢气发生反应,对反应产物的拉曼光谱分析结果显示,氢气分子进入到水合物的笼型结构中,并且呈现出多分子的笼占有状态;氮气水合物与氢气的反应时间是影响储氢效果的重要因素。研究结果表明,氮气水合物有希望成为一种有效的储氢介质。     

用分子动力学模拟甲烷水合物热激法结合化学试剂法分解

用分子动力学模拟方法研究甲烷水合物的热激法，化学试剂法，以及热激法结合化学试剂法分解，系统研究温度为277K和340K时添加液态水(WTR)和30wt％乙二醇(EG)溶液对水合物分解的影响.模拟显示WTR与水合物表面水分子形成氢键，破坏水合物原有的氢键平衡，造成笼状结构坍塌，水合物分解.EG分子中的羟基与水合物表面水分子形成氢键，从而破坏原有的稳定结构，造成水合物笼状结构被破坏，达到促进水合物分解，释放甲烷气体的效果.比较温度为277K和340K时添加WTR和30wt％EG溶液对水合物分解效果得出EG(340K)> WTR(340K)>EG(277K)>WTR(277K)，热激法结合化学试剂法能更好促进水合物分解.     

整体煤气化联合循环合成气水合物法分离CO2的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学（MD）模拟方法研究整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）合成气（CO₂/H₂）水合物法分离CO₂的分离机理,系统研究了CO₂水合物、H₂水合物以及合成气水合物法一级分离所得CO₂/H₂混合气体水合物的微观结构及性质.模拟分析n个CO₂或H₂与水合物笼状结构的整体结合能ΔE关键词： 水合物法分离 分子动力学模拟 整体煤气化联合循环合成气 2分离')" href="#">CO₂分离     

Lattice dynamics study of low energy guest-host coupling in clathrate hydrate

Our lattice dynamics simulation of Xe-hydrate with four-site TIP4P oxygen-shell model can accurately reproduce each peak position in the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering spectrum at the acoustic band （below 15 meV） and yield correct relative intensity. Based on the results, the uncertain profile at ～6 meV is assigned to anharmonic guest modes coupled strongly to small cages. Blue shift is proposed in phonon dispersion sheet in the case of anticrossing and found to be an evident signal for guest-host coupling that explains the anomalous thermal conductivity of clathrate hydrate.     

Lattice dynamics study of low energy guest--host coupling in clathrate hydrate

Our lattice dynamics simulation of Xe-hydrate with four-site TIP4P oxygen-shell model can accurately reproduce each peak position in the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering spectrum at the acoustic band (below 15\,meV) and yield correct relative intensity. Based on the results, the uncertain profile at $\sim $6\,meV is assigned to anharmonic guest modes coupled strongly to small cages. Blue shift is proposed in phonon dispersion sheet in the case of anticrossing and found to be an evident signal for guest--host coupling that explains the anomalous thermal conductivity of clathrate hydrate.     

载能氢同位素原子与石墨(001)面碰撞的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了载能H同位素原子与石墨晶体碰撞的同位素效应. 碳氢系统的强共价键作用和石墨层间的弱van der Waals力分别用REBO和Ito半经验势函数来描述. 研究发现: 随着入射原子质量的增加, 上表面吸附几率和反射几率的峰值都会向高能区移动; 相比于H, ²H入射原子, ³H入射原子具有较高的吸附几率——包括上表面吸附和内部吸附; 穿透石墨晶体, ²H, ³H原子所需的能量较高; 原子质量和原子入射能量都会影响入射粒子与不同石墨层之间的能量传递过程. 这些结果对理解碳基材料的³H滞留机制有重要意义.     

Molecular dynamics study on the dissociation of methane hydrate via inorganic salts

Hydrate plugging is a hidden threat to the safe exploitation of oil and gas. Inorganic salts are widely used as thermodynamic inhibitors to effectively prevent the hydrate formation. This study uses a molecular dynamics method to explore the mechanism of the hydrate dissociation via inorganic salts on the micro-scale. We simulated the dissociating process of methane hydrate under different concentration series of NaCl, KCl and CaCl₂ solutions at 273 K, and analysed the changes of ionic structure, transport parameters and kinetic energy in the system of inorganic salt/hydrate. The simulation results successfully revealed the step-by-step dissociation of hydrate, and the differences in dissociation rates among the different inhibitors. The energy needed for hydrate dissociation alters for different inorganic solutions; the energy reaches maximum when KCl is the inhibitor, and lowest when the concentration of CaCl₂ exceeds 30% w/w. We calculated the coordination numbers of all components, including oxygen atoms, cations and anions, and also their diffusion coefficients; analysed the effects of the three inorganic salts on the simulated hydrate structure and its transport; in addition, investigated the mechanism of hydrate dissociation via inorganic salts.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media

The hydrate has characteristics of low thermal conductivity and temperature sensitivity. To further analysis the mechanism of thermal conductivity and provide method for the exploitation, transportation and utilization of hydrate, the effect of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media has been studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the simulation is carried out under the condition of temperature 253.15 K-273.15 K and pressure 1 MPa. The results show that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate increases with the increase of temperature and has a faster growth near freezing. With the addition of porous media, the thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate improves significantly. The methane hydrate-porous media system also has the characteristics of vitreous body.With the decrease of the pore size of the porous media, thermal conductivity of the system increases gradually at the same temperature. It can be ascertained that the porous media of different pore sizes have strengthened the role of the thermal conductivity of hydrates.     

Molecular dynamics simulation model of hydrogen recycling on carbon divertor for neutral transport analysis in large helical device

To perform the neutral-transport simulation with processes in which hydrogen molecules contribute to the reaction such as molecular assisted recombination, the parameters of emitted neutral particles at the wall such as the energy distributions and the form (atom or molecule) of emitted neutral particles are necessary as a boundary condition of the calculation. Therefore, in order to provide information of recycled hydrogen on the divertor to neutral-transport code, molecular dynamics simulation of a hydrogen atom injection into a carbon material is performed to obtain the distributions of emission angle and translational energy of emitted hydrogen atoms and molecules. The distributions of rotational and vibrational energies are also investigated in the case of molecular hydrogen emission. Moreover, the quantum rotational state J, and vibrational state v are estimated from the classical value obtained by the simulation.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of compressed hydrogen

Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for highly compressed fluid hydrogen in the density and temperature regime of recent shock-compression experiments. Both density functional and tight-binding electronic structure techniques have been used to describe interatomic forces. Two tight-binding models of hydrogen have been developed with a single s-type orbital on each atom that reproduce properties of the dimer, of various crystalline structures, and of the fluid. The simulations indicate that the rapid rise in the electrical conductivity observed in the gas-gun experiments depends critically on the dissociated atoms (monomers). We find that the internal structure of warm, dense hydrogen has a pronounced time-dependent nature with the continual dissociation of molecules (dimers) and association of atoms (monomers). Finally, Hugoniots derived from the equations-of-state of these models do not exhibit the large compressions predicted by the recent laser experiments.