近场子空间聚焦的碰摩故障声发射定位方法

针对宽带多源声发射信号的相干、多模态和能量衰减快问题,提出一种近场多重相干信号子空间聚焦的定位算法用于碰摩故障声发射源的定位检测。首先,为滤除干扰模态波、减小频散效应,采用基于模态声发射传播特性分析的小波分解滤波方法,从碰摩初期的声发射信号中获取零阶模态波及波速用于定位计算;其次,为实现信号解相干,提出基于双边相关变换(TCT)的近场聚焦矩阵估计方法;最后,针对声发射信号的能量衰减快问题,利用近场基于特征分解的多重信号分类(N-MUSIC)的空间谱估计方法来实现声源的精确定位。理论分析和实验结果表明:该方法定位精度高、计算复杂度低、稳定性强,能有效识别多个相干碰摩声源。相比传统相干子空间算法(CSM),该方法减少了信号初值和聚焦频点的计算量,对双声源的分辨概率较现有修正近场多重信号分类算法提高了17%,是一种有效的碰摩故障源检测方法。      

团簇碰撞中的相对转动研究

采用距离相关紧密束缚的分子动力学模型,研究了在不同碰撞能量以及不同的碰撞参数下,碱金属团簇碰撞过程中的转动行为.研究表明,团簇碰撞中存在着较大的转动.对确定的能量,存在极值的碰撞参数,小于该碰撞参数时,转动能量随碰撞参数增加而迅速增加;大于该碰撞参数时,转动能量随碰撞参数的增加迅速减小.能量低时,相对转动弛豫时间更长;碰撞能量越大,越过势垒的能力越强,势场的相对影响就越小,由此引起的相对转动也就越小.     

高能α-α碰撞中产生粒子的多重数分布

我们在多次碰撞模型的框架下,分析了在核子-核子质子系中总能为S_NN=31.2GeV的α-α碰撞中产生的带负电荷的粒子的多重数分布,投射核子在通过靶核时损失能量,损失的能量用于产生粒子的概念在计算中明确考虑.理论结果能较好符合实验.     

200GeV/c的质子-核碰撞中产生粒子的多重数分布与能量亏损

我们用多次碰撞模型分析了入射质子动量为200GeV/c的p-Ar和p-Xe碰撞中产生的负粒子的多重数分布. 在与靶核子的每一次碰撞中, 入射粒子损失能量, 损失的能量用于产生粒子的概念在计算中明确考虑, 理论结果与实验符合较好.     

双级PIN限幅器的微波脉冲响应机理及规律

基于双级限幅器中两个PIN二极管的多物理场仿真模型与限幅器中其他电路元器件的SPICE模型,搭建了Si基双级PIN限幅器的场路协同仿真模型,利用这一模型对微波脉冲作用下限幅器中两级PIN二极管的温度响应特性进行了仿真.在此基础上对限幅器在不同频率、幅值微波脉冲信号作用下内部发生熔化现象所需的时间与能量进行了仿真,并对这一过程进行了机理分析与响应特性规律总结.仿真结果表明,当限幅器中第一级PIN二极管内部最高温度已达到材料熔点时,第二级PIN二极管的温度变化幅度较小.限幅器内部发生熔化现象所消耗的时间与能量随信号幅值、频率的变化呈现出规律性关系,发生熔化现象所需的时间随信号幅值或频率的提升而减小;发生熔化现象所需的能量随频率的提升而降低,随幅值的变化存在极大值点;限幅器的响应特性对信号参数表现出了不同的敏感性.     

高能重离子碰撞中的末态分布与夸克物质信号

本文结合液体动力学模型与状态方程,分析讨论了高能重离子碰撞过程中是否发生相变以及相变的级次对末态分布的影响.由于集体效应随入射能量和核质量的增加而加强,预计对于RHIC(每对核子能量S=100+100GeV)上进行的¹⁹⁷Au-¹⁹⁷Au碰撞,快度分布有可能作为夸克物质形成的信号.     

金团簇碰撞合并过程的分子动力学模拟研究

采用微正则系综理论和嵌入原子模型计算了原子数为16～152之间7个Au_n团簇碰撞合并过程.结果表明:碰撞能量大于0.3 eV时,团簇处于熔融态,碰撞能量是合并过程的主导因素,碰撞能量小于0.3eV时,团簇处于凝固态,碰撞能量和结合能共同影响合并过程;碰撞能量小于0.1 eV时,在结合能作用下,团簇结构随碰撞能量增加发生变化,部分团簇形成壳层结构,势能较低,稳定性较好.     

Si2+离子与氢原子碰撞电离过程的CTMC计算

应用经典径迹蒙特卡罗方法研究Si2+离子与氢原子碰撞电离反应过程.计算了随入射离子能量变化的总截面、出射电子随角度和能量变化的一阶、二阶微分截面,及出射电子随入射离子能量变化的平均能量.根据计算结果,讨论展示了软碰撞、电子转移到入射离子连续态、两体相遇碰撞等电离机理,阐明了它们对碰撞总截面、微分截面、电离电子能量的影响.通过计算出射电子到入射离子和靶的距离比的电离电子数分布研究了不同入射离子能量"鞍点"电离机理的可能性.     

翼前缘层板对流冷却结构的防热效果分析

针对飞行器高超声速飞行时严重的气动加热环境, 设计一种层板对流冷却结构对翼前缘进行热防护. 提出一种壁面冷却效率参数η, 并运用流固耦合的分析方法, 研究了对流冷却结构在特定条件下的冷却效果, 其中采用水冷时头部冷却效率η 值最低为0.25. 研究表明, 对流结构冷却效果与内部冷却槽道深宽比γ 有重要关系, η值随γ 的增大而增大至一个稳定值, 此时冷却效果达到饱和, 若此时γ 继续增加则可能出现不利于冷却的现象. 冷却效果η随着前缘头部半径的减小而减弱. 研究还表明, 当层板对流冷却结构和材料固定时, η 值随冷却剂流量增加而增大, 并逐渐趋近至一个稳定值, 而冷却槽道进出口压差急剧增大. 因此需要综合考虑提高流量给供给系统带来的压力, 选取最佳流量值以达到相对较好的冷却效果. 对于材料而言, 内部冷却通道和外部耐热层都应选择导热系数较高的材料, 能够强化结构传热增强冷却效果.     

低能He原子与Li_2分子碰撞散射截面理论计算

利用Fuchs势模型和密耦方法对He-Li2碰撞体系低能散射截面进行理论计算,研究了He-Li2碰撞体系的散射总截面随能量的变化、微分截面随角度的变化、分波截面随总角动量的变化以及与入射能量之间的关系,并总结了量子效应随入射能量的变化规律.     

The existence of periodic motions in rub-impact rotor systems

The existence of rub-impact periodic motions in an eccentric rotor system is considered. A criterion for the periodicity condition of n-periodic impacts is derived and other conditions for real rub-impacts are also discussed. A method consisting of analytical and numerical techniques is presented to solve the existence problem of rub-impact periodic motions. Some special results are obtained by theoretical analyses for rub-impact rotor systems, including the existence of grazing circle motions and that of single-impact periodic motions.     

THE SWING VIBRATION, TRANSVERSE OSCILLATION OF CRACKED ROTOR AND THE INTERMITTENCE CHAOS

This paper studies the non-linear dynamic response of a cracked rotor by taking the swing vibration of disc into consideration. The results show that if a small crack appears, the frequency of transverse oscillation is synchronous with rotating speed ratio (Ω), and the frequency of swing vibration is N Ω (N=1,2,…). As the crack increases, the response becomes chaotic in some range of Ω. The deeper the crack is, the wider the chaotic range of Ω is. Routes to chaos include intermittence to chaos and quasi-period to chaos. When the crack is fairly deep, some new resonance regions develop. In these regions, the response becomes infinity rapidly. The appearance of intermittence chaos is induced by the frequent frustration of stable oscillation, which is resulted from the continuous increase of swing amplitude. Unbalance parameter U is effective in suppressing chaos. Crack angle β cannot affect the essence of response, but can influence the amplitude of synchronous response.     

Mathematical Methods of Subjective Modeling in Scientific Research. 2: Applications

This article considers applications of the formalism of subjective modeling proposed in [36], based on modeling of uncertainty reflecting unreliability of subjective information and fuzziness common of its content. A subjective model of probabilistic randomness is defined and studied. It is shown that a researcher–modeler (RM) defines a subjective model of a discrete probability space as a space with plausibility and believability that de facto turns out to be a subjective model of the class of subjectively equivalent probability spaces that model an arbitrary evolving stochastic object, and the same space with plausibility and believability is its subjective model. This enables us to empirically recover a subjective model of an evolving stochastic object accurately and using a finite number of event observations, while its probabilistic model cannot be empirically recovered. A similar connection is established between equivalence classes of plausibility and believability distributions and classes of subjectively equivalent absolutely continuous probability densities. For two versions of plausibility and believability measures, entropies of plausibility and believability distributions of the values of an uncertain element (UCE) \(\tilde x\)that model RM’s subjective judgments as characteristics of the information content and uncertainty of his judgments are considered. It is shown that in the first version entropies have properties that are formally similar to those of Shannon entropy but due to absence of the law of large numbers (LLN) their interpretation fundamentally differs from the interpretation of Shannon entropy. In the third version there is an analog of the LLN, and its connection to the Shannon entropy was obtained for the expected value of subjective informational content/uncertainty. A subjective model M(\(\tilde x\))=(Ω,3(Ω), P ^ζ,? (·,·;\(\tilde x\)), N ^ζ,? (·,·;\(\tilde x\)) of an uncertain fuzzy element is considered, and an optimal subjective rule of identification of its states using observation data is obtained and studied. Methods of expert-aided reconstruction of fuzzy and uncertain fuzzy element models are also considered.     

周期力调制噪声驱动下单模激光系统的多重随机共振

在周期力调制噪声驱动下单模激光系统的光强方程中加入调幅波, 用线性化近似方法计算了系统的光强关联函数和输出信噪比, 并对信噪比进行数值计算和分析, 发现低频调制频率Ω、高频载波频率ω和周期力频率Ω_λ对系统的输出信噪比有很大的影响. 具体表现为信噪比R 随低频调制频率Ω 的变化过程中出现了多重随机共振和极强的单峰共振, 当Ω << ω 时, 系统出现的是多峰共振, 且随着Ω_λ 增加, 共振峰间的距离增大, 峰值位置不变; 当Ω → ω 时, 输出信噪比R迅速增大, 而Ω_λ 的影响被削弱甚至可以忽略, 多峰共振消失; 当Ω = ω 时, 系统出现了极强的单峰共振. 此外, 信噪比随周期力频率的变化呈现振幅减小的多重随机共振, 而随载流频率的变化出现单峰随机共振.     

低能高电荷态离子(4≤q≤7)与He碰撞中双俘获与转移电离的截面反转效应

基于入射离子双俘获后势能沉积与双电离靶离子势能的比值定义了势能参数Ω,研究了低能高电荷态离子(q=4,5,6,7)与He原子碰撞系统中双俘获和转移电离反应道的选择规律.研究发现,在Ω坐标下,双俘获和转移电离存在截面反转效应,Ω1.0时双俘获为双电子转移过程主反应道,Ω≥1.0时转移电离成为双电子转移过程主反应道.     

Modelling of ζ-potential of the montmorillonite/electrolyte solution interface

The electrokinetic potential (ζ-potential) is calculated using the combination of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Surface Complexation Models for energetically heterogeneous surface. This approach gives negative values of ζ for the whole pH region, which is in agreement with the published results of ζ-potential measurements. Moreover, the correct changes of ζ-potential values for different types of montmorillonite are observed. It is shown that electrokinetic properties of the considered systems are not as sensitive to surface heterogeneity as the adsorption isotherms and surface charge densities. As it was shown in our previous paper [P. Zarzycki, F. Thomas, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 302 (2006) 547-559], the presented model predicts parallel titration curves for reasonably small equilibrium constants of exchange processes. Here, we show further development of this model in order to predict ζ-potential.     

噪声间关联程度的时间周期调制对单模激光随机共振的影响

用线性化近似的方法研究了噪声间关联程度λ受时间周期性调制的单模激光增益模型的光强功率谱及信噪比.具体讨论信噪比R受加法噪声强度D,乘法噪声强度Q及噪声间关联程度λ的影响,以及受周期调制频率Ω_λ,输入信号频率Ω的影响.发现了一些新颖的现象. 关键词： 时间周期调制频率 噪声间关联程度 随机共振 信噪比     

Practical improvements to real and imaginary spectral based modal parameter measurements of SDOF systems

For a single degree of freedom system, especially with non-light damping, the use of the real spectral part of either the displacement or velocity responses (or the transfer functions based on them) has the advantages of determining the natural frequency (f_n) directly, independent of the response parameter, and providing an accurate measurement for damping (ζ). However, this method is sensitive to spectral phase errors due to temporal misalignment of the signal or due to net inter-channel delay differences caused by signal filtering. Two techniques are presented to correct for these errors; one based on the correct temporal alignment of the impulsive part, and the other on the infimum of the imaginary spectral part. These are first demonstrated using a numerical model, and are shown to facilitate the correct measurement of f_n and bring ζ within the expected error limits due to quantisation. Secondly, they are applied to an experimental system and are seen to greatly improve the consistency between measurements using different methods.     

插入式永磁低速同步电机非奇异终端滑模观测器设计

提出一种以d-q同步旋转坐标系下, 电流为观测对象的插入式永磁同步电机的非奇异高阶终端滑模观测器, 用来获得高性能矢量控制系统所必需的电机转子位置及速度信息. 采用非奇异终端滑模控制, 提高了观测器的动态响应速度及鲁棒性, 利用高阶滑模控制技术的特性, 有效地抑制了传统滑模控制的抖振现象. 同时给出了转速环及电流环调节器的参数设计方法, 转速环调节器采用积分反馈算法, 电流环调节器使用前馈解耦内模控制技术 ,参数在线调整简单. 将该算法应用到2 MW永磁同步低速电机无传感器控制系统中, 实验结果表明, 该方法能够准确计算出电机的位置和速度, 使系统具有良好的稳态精度和动态性能.