理想气体与热力学第三定律不相容

指出经典理想气体与热力学第三定律是不相容的,并作了一些讨论．     

重力场中的范德瓦耳斯气体

将地球大气近似为重力场中的范德瓦耳斯气体,在绝热过程近似下导出了大气温度、压强随高度的分布,并与理想气体近似结果进行了比较分析.     

范德瓦耳斯气体直线过程的若干讨论

首先对各种范德瓦耳斯气体在同一条确定直线过程中的温度转换点和吸放热转换点进行求解,随后绘制出温度以及吸放热特性对斜率和体积的依赖关系三维图,最终找到了影响温度和吸放热转换点的因素.     

正确理解热力学第三定律

分析了对热力学第三定律常见的错误理解,以能斯特定理为基础,通过推导得到了绝对零度不能达到的结论．     

关于热力学第三定律的能斯特思考

阐明能斯特关于热力学第三定律的思考是大胆的,也是符合逻辑的。     

范德瓦耳斯方程的前前后后

一、历史的回顾范德瓦耳斯方程是1873年提出的;它在分子运动璎论的发展史上是重要的一页．在他之前;分子运动论经历了三个阶段．     

满足热力学第三定律的修正的黑洞的熵公式

认为黑洞的熵正比于视界面积的熵公式S=A/4不能满足热力学第三定律,提出了新的熵公式,它既能满足热力学第三定律,又能推出黑洞的温度的表达式.关键词：黑洞熵热力学第三定律     

范德瓦耳斯气体体积修正的新计算方法

范德瓦耳斯方程能够较好地描述实际气体的热力学过程,方程中的参数b是因实际气体分子的体积而引入的修正量.本文通过考察分子之间的相互碰撞事件,计算得到了范德瓦耳斯气体体积的修正值,约等于1 mol气体所有分子体积总和的4倍,结果与其他方法得到的结果一致.这是一种新的计算思路和方法.     

范德瓦耳斯系数的理论计算

用原子间的长程色散力Pad啨近似计算范德瓦耳斯系数 ,结果比用半经典方法获得的值好     

麦克斯韦等面积法则在范氏气体中的应用

对与范德瓦耳斯气体状态方程有关的几个问题作了进一步分析,给出了一种证明麦克斯韦等面积法则的方法,并指出了有关文献的不妥之处.     

Nonclassical behavior of the van der Waals gas

The partition function of the van der Waals gas is represented by a functional integral which is evaluated by summing the value of the integrand over its absolute and all of its secondary maxima. This leads to a one-to-one correspondence with the Ising model with nearest-neighbor interactions only. Whereas the classical behavior of the van der Waals gas is due to the absolute maximum in function space, the nonclassical behavior is shown to derive from the combined contribution of all the secondary maxima. The relation of this work to inverse range expansions and to the droplet model of condensation is discussed.     

论范德瓦尔斯a和b参数与温度的关系

范德瓦尔斯方程中a、b参数是否与温度相关,不但不同文献中的说法互不相同,而且有同一文献前后的结论相互矛盾.本文分析了这个令人迷惑的问题.在热力学中a和b参量被处理为与温度无关,它仅仅在临界点附近有效并可以把范德瓦尔斯方程表述为对应态定律;在更加广泛的温度区间a、b参量和温度有关,但是范德瓦尔斯方程却丧失了其独特性.统计...     

Rotational Spectrum, Dynamics, and Bond Energy of the Oxirane···Krypton van der Waals Complex

From the free jet millimeter-wave spectra of four isotopomers of the weakly bonded oxirane···Kr complex, information on the equilibrium conformation, dynamics, and dissociation energy has been deduced. A C_s symmetry is found for the complex, with Kr lying in the σ_v plane of symmetry of oxirane. The equilibrium distance of Kr with respect to the center of mass of bare oxirane is 3.67 Å, with Kr tilted 13.6° from the perpendicular to the center of mass of the ring toward the oxygen atom. The dissociation energy is estimated, from the centrifugal distortion constant D_J, to be ca. 3.1 kJ/mol.     

范德华尔斯材料在转角光学中的研究进展

极化激元是光与不同极化子相互作用形成的半光半物质的准粒子,可用于亚波长尺度的光场调控,在光学成像、非线性效应增强及新型超构材料设计等领域扮演着举足重轻的角色.近年来,随着人们对转角范德华尔斯材料体系的制备工艺和物性研究的不断深入,其中许多新奇的极化激元现象也被揭示.本文综述了近年来转角范德华尔斯材料在光学领域的研究进展...     

A search for colour van der Waals interaction

It is suggested that the strength of nuclear colour van der Waals interaction, if present, can be determined by measuring deviations from Rutherford scattering of charged hadrons from nuclei, at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. Experimental limit on the strength of such a potential is obtained asλ<50, when the colour van der Waals potential is given byV(r)=λ(hc/r ₀)(r ₀/r)⁷, withr ₀, the scaling length, taken as 1 fm. This limit is obtained from an analysis of existing experiments and by performing scattering experiments of 3–4.6 MeV protons from a²⁰⁸Pb target.     

Nonuniform van der Waals theory

The liquid-vapor interface of a confined fluid at the condensation phase transition is studied in a combined hydrostatic/mean-field limit of classical statistical mechanics. Rigorous and numerical results are presented. The limit accounts for strongly repulsive short-range forces in terms of local thermodynamics. Weak attractive longer-range ones, like gravitational or van der Waals forces, contribute a self-consistent mean potential. Although the limit is fluctuationfree, the interface is not a sharp Gibbs interface, but its structure is resolved over the range of the attractive potential. For a fluid of hard balls with –r ^–6 interactions the traditional condensation phase transition with critical point is exhibited in the grand ensemble: A vapor state coexists with a liquid state. Both states are quasiuniform well inside the container, but wall-induced inhomogeneities show up close to the boundary of the container. The condensation phase transition of the grand ensemble bridges a region of negative total compressibility in the canonical ensemble which contains canonically stable proper liquid-vapor interface solutions. Embedded in this region is a new, strictly canonical phase transition between a quasiuniform vapor state and a small droplet with extended vapor atmosphere. This canonical transition, in turn, bridges a region of negative total specific heat in the microanonical ensemble. That region contains subcooled vapor states as well as superheated very small droplets which are microcanonically stable.     

Dynamical van der Waals Model of Glassy Behavior

A model fluid system whose intermolecular forces consist of the short range part characterizing usual stable fluid and the long range part of Kac-type is considered. When the ratio of the force ranges is large enough, the system can be described by regarding the system having only short range interactions as a reference fluid treated as a continuum, on which long range forces acting among tiny fluid elements are superimposed. We discuss the glassy behavior of this model relating it to the mode coupling theory and using real replica theory. These theories lead to the two equations for non-ergodicity parameter which are totally different from each other. We argue that our model can be a basis for examining nature of the drastic approximations entering derivations of the mode coupling equations. We further explore the possibility of developing the dynamical real replica approach for our model system with the hope of providing a framework to cope with different time scales characterizing complex glassy behavior.