Improving the characteristics of the modulation response for fiber Bragg grating Fabry–Perot lasers by optimizing model parameters

A unified and comprehensive study on the small-signal intensity and frequency modulation characteristics of a fiber Bragg grating Fabry–Perot (FBG–FP) laser are numerically investigated. The effect of injection current, temperature, external optical feedback (OFB), nonlinear gain compression factor, fiber grating (FG) parameters and spontaneous emission factor on modulation response characteristics are presented. The rate equations of the laser model are presented in the form that the effect of temperature (T) and external optical feedback (OFB) are included. The temperature dependence (TD) of laser response is calculated according to the TD of laser cavity parameters instead of directly using the well-known Parkove equation. It is shown that the optimum external fiber length (L_ext) is 3.1 cm and the optimum range of working temperature for FGFP laser is within ±2 °C from the FBG reference temperature (T_o). Also, the antireflection (AR) coating reflectivity and the linewidth enhancement factor have no significant effect on the modulation spectra. It is also show that modulation response is extremely sensitive to the OFB level, high injection current and gain compression factor. The study indicates clearly that good dynamic characteristic can be obtained by system parameters optimization.     

光栅外腔半导体激光器GHz射频调制特性研究

研究了光栅外腔半导体激光器(ECDL)对射频频率调制的响应特性,分析了射频频率调制时光栅外腔对半导体激光器的边带信号的影响.实验中测量了GHz射频频率调制的.ECDL输出的边带信号随射频信号功率、注入电流、光栅外腔长度的变化情况.证实了当射频调制频率等于光栅外腔自由光谱区的整数倍时,ECDL输出的边带信号可在一定程度上得到增强.     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器的高频调制特性

报道了光纤光栅外腔激光器瞬态特性的理论分析,引入了一个适用于外腔情况的等效光子寿命,模拟计算表明,要获得高于2．5GHz的调制速率,光纤光栅外腔的长度必须短于4cm范围,对所研制的光纤光栅外腔激光器进行了高频调制测量,得到了在1GHz下的单模激光输出,边模抑制比在40dB以上,3dB动态线宽为0．1nm左右,20dB动态线宽为0．3nm。     

Small signal intensity modulation of external cavity lasers with fiber Bragg gratings

The small signal intensity modulation (IM) of a hybrid soliton pulse source (HSPS) utilizing Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is described using electric field approach. The HSPS is modeled by a time-domain solution of the coupled-mode equations. It is shown that type of external cavity is important effect on resonance peak spectral splitting (RPSS) in IM response as well as effect of laser and FBG parameters. It is also shown that the RPSS can be suppressed by using linearly chirped Gaussian apodized FBG as an external cavity insted of Gaussian apodized FBG.     

THz optical pulses from a coupled-cavity quantum-dot laser

Optical pulses are generated from a coupled-cavity quantum-dot (QD) laser consisting of a short QD-waveguide Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity and three long external fiber Bragg grating (FBG) cavities. When the laser is biased at low operation current, the feedback from the external cavities dominates and laser pulses have a 1.01 THz repetition rate, determined by the equal frequency difference of the three FBGs. We are thus able to decouple the repetition rate of a mode-locked laser from the cavity length. With much higher bias current, the QD F–P cavity dominates and the repetition rate is switched to 43.8 GHz, defined by the length of the F–P cavity.     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of High Temperature-Stability and Low-Chirp 1.55 µm Semiconductor Laser with an External Fiber Grating

An experimental and theoretical study of the effect of temperature on the static and dynamic characteristics of packaged external fiber grating semiconductor lasers (FGL) is reported on. Operating in single frequency mode, the laser exhibits high output power (> 8 mW), high temperature stability of operating frequency (-3.4 GHz/K), and low static chirp (-60 MHz/mA). The observed hysteresis in wavelength versus temperature dependence is explained in the frame of a time-domain FGL model accounting for asymmetric nonlinear gain. The laser has low dynamic chirp (~16 MHz/mA) under 2.5 GB/s direct modulation, which is the key factor determining low penalty transmission over 312 km of SSM fiber. Dense WDM transmission performed at 2.6 Gbit/s over 117 km of SSM fiber shows that an FGL-based transmitter is a factor of 7 more tolerant to temperature variations than externally modulated DFB lasers.     

基于减反膜外腔反馈半导体激光器拉曼光的产生

通过直接对减反膜外腔反馈半导体激光器进行电流调制的方法,得到了两束位相锁定且频率差在6.0-9.3GHz范围内连续可调的激光,其中6.835和9.192GHz分别对应Rb⁸⁷和Cs¹³³原子基态超精细能级之间的频率差,激光功率分别可以达到6.87mW和5.09mW. 根据减反膜外腔反馈半导体激光器的特点,通过调整外腔腔长、激光器工作温度、电流以及所加射频调制信号的功率和频率,在调制频率小于等于4.0GHz时可以将载波完全压制. 调制频率大于4.0GHz时,虽不能将载波完全压制,但由于外腔与调制频率共振时对调制的增强也得到了调制深度很高的激光,并对其中的物理机理作了分析. 通过后续滤波等方法处理以后,该拉曼光源可以广泛应用到原子的量子操控中. 关键词： 受激拉曼光 高频调制 调制增强     

增益半导体光放大器的特性

为满足半导体光放大器（SOA）在光纤到户FTTH系统接入网中的广泛应用,提出了基于光纤光栅外腔反馈型GC-SOA结构的全光增益机制,窄线宽激光光源经可变衰减器、隔离器和光纤光栅注入到SOA中,SOA的输出光经隔离器和光纤光栅送至光谱分析仪,通过光纤光栅反馈输入SOA形成钳制激光。对GC-SOA的阈值特性、增益特性及开关特性进行分析,结果表明:当注入电流小于GC-SOA的阈值电流时,增益随注入电流的增加而增加;当注入电流大于GC-SOA的阈值电流后,其增益不再随注入电流的变化而变化,实现了SOA的增益稳定,使SOA的饱和输出功率得到了提高。     

Stable and continuous wavelength tuning of a hybrid semiconductor laser with an erbium-doped fiber external cavity

We present an experimental study of tuning characteristics and wavelength stability of a 1490 nm doped fiber external cavity laser. The standing wave in the erbium-doped fiber in an external-cavity laser causes spatial hole burning and absorption modulation and forms a dynamic grating. The dynamic grating can effectively suppress side modes and eliminate wavelength fluctuations in the laser. The operating wavelength of this hybrid laser is shown for the first time to our knowledge to be smoothly tunable by changing the semiconductor laser drive current or temperature.     

弱耦合光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器

报道作者对单频窄宽光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器的一些研究结果。理论上分析了外腔的引入对激光器的阈值增益和光谱线宽的影响，实验上用自行研制的光纤布拉格反射滤波器（ＦＢＲ）与普通多纵模半导体激光耦合，在１．５５μｍ波段，得到边模抑制比大于２５ｄＢ，线宽小于６０ｋＨｚ的激光输出。     

Design and optimization of frequency tunable semiconductor laser used in resonator integrated optic gyro

Frequency tunable semiconductor laser has potential applications in resonator integrated optic gyro (RIOG) for its small size and easy to be integrated. An alternative construction of frequency tunable semiconductor laser with planar waveguide external cavity is proposed in this paper. The frequency tuning section, which is placed between the active section and Bragg grating section, is designed to be one part of the waveguide external cavity. The slab etched grating, based on the silicon-on-isolator ridge waveguide, is adopted to narrow the width of reflectivity spectrum. After the theoretical analysis and simulations, the frequency modulation coefficient of 2.1 MHz/mA is obtained, and the power change is less than 3.6 × 10⁻⁴ dB/1.6 GHz. The proposed configuration combines the advantages of wavelength tunable laser and external cavity laser, and it can realize precision frequency tuning, ignored power fluctuation and narrow linewidth, which contribute much to RIOG.     

用于全光波长转换的外腔半导体激光器的注入电流选择

实验研究了注入光对光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器阈值电流的影响,给出了可同时获得高消光比和高转换速率的注入电流范围。采用载流子消耗机抽对实验结果进行了实性分析。     

An external cavity diode laser using a volume holographic grating

This study presents an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system, utilizing a volume holographic grating (VHG) and a microfabricated silicon flexure as the VHG holder. The laser design is aimed for easy assembly, controllability, and better stability of the laser cavity. The laser frequency was stabilized to a D₂ transition of rubidium at 780.247 nm, with a mode-hop-free tuning range of 16 GHz and 9.6 GHz with and without feed-forward on the diode injection current. The measured linewidth was 850 kHz in 500 s, qualified for laser cooling experiments.     

Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Frequency-Locking in Semiconductor Lasers with Long External Cavity Feedback

The properties of low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback from a long external cavity are experimentally studied. Frequency-locking of the laser light output to the injection current modulation is observed when the modulation frequency approaches the external cavity mode. The modulation frequency for the successful frequency-locking is always less than the external cavity mode frequency and the locking domains as a function of the modulation amplitude is asymmetric with respect to the frequency detuning.     

Low-frequency fluctuation induced by injection-current modulation in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback

Low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback are investigated when high-frequency modulation is applied to an injection current. Synchronization of the laser output power with the modulation within +/-3 MHz centered at the frequency corresponding to the external cavity mode was observed. However, for modulation of the detuned frequency from the external cavity mode, low-frequency fluctuations were induced in the laser output power, and these fluctuations were observed within a range of modulation of approximately +/-100 MHz at the center frequency of the external cavity mode.     

Monochromatization of semiconductor laser diodes using one-dimensional photonic crystals

The results on the development of the single-frequency semiconductor laser with external cavity based on a fiber Bragg grating (one-dimensional photonic crystal) formed in a single-mode fiber waveguide are presented. Stable single-frequency lasing at a wavelength of 977 nm with a spectral half width of 0.2 nm is achieved with a laser power output of 350 mW. The temperature dependence of lasing parameters is studied.     

基于色散调谐宽带扫频光纤激光器及其在光纤光栅解调中的应用

报道了一种基于色散调谐技术的宽带扫频掺铒光纤激光器。通过在主动锁模光纤激光器腔内引入较大色散,利用锯齿波电信号调制电光调制器的调制频率,可以实现激光器扫频输出。应用扫频激光器可将光纤光栅反射中心波长的变化转变为时域上信号间隔变化,适用于光纤光栅传感解调。搭建了扫频光纤激光器,利用掺铒光纤作为增益介质,研究了扫频范围的影响因素。通过优化实验参数,实验得到的扫频带宽达到43 nm,接近增益带宽,扫频速度为50 Hz。利用搭建的扫频激光器进行了光纤光栅传感解调,灵敏度约为0.68 ms/nm,验证了解调原理。     

Experimental study of actively mode-locked semiconductor laser with grating external cavity

In this paper,complete mode-locking optical pulses have been obtained froman actively mode-locked GaAs/GaAlAs semiconductor laser with grating external cavity.Theshortest optical pulse is 7.3 ps measured by second harmonic generation(SHG)autocorrelator.The repetition rate is 995.12 MHz and the central wavelength is 798.4 nm.The effect ofmodulation frequency,modulation current,and bias current on the optical pulses width areinvestigated.     

脉冲幅度均匀化的有理谐波锁模光纤激光器

提出并实现了一种脉冲幅度可均匀化的有理谐波锁模光纤激光器。该激光器采用主动有理谐波锁模机制,可获得重复频率为整数倍调制频率的锁模脉冲信号。通过在光纤激光器谐振腔中添加非线性光纤放大环镜,并利用其反射率对输入信号强度的开关特性,实现对锁模脉冲信号的整幅。在1 GHz的调制频率下,分别获得了4 GHz和5 GHz重复频率的锁模脉冲信号输出,并且在一定的980 nm抽运功率下,可通过调节电光调制器的直流偏置电压大小以及调制信号的调制深度,使得脉冲幅度具有较好的均匀性。