电导率和摩尔电导率与浓度关系的教学讨论

根据电导率和摩尔电导率的物理意义,通过简单计算,确定了参与导电的离子数目与电解质溶液浓度或电离度之间的关系,由此分析说明了电导率和摩尔电导率与电解质浓度的关系。方法简单清晰,便于学生领会理解。     

具有相同简单级数的不同反应类型的半衰期公式

化学反应的半衰期公式不仅与反应级数有关,而且与反应类型相关。具有相同简单级数的不同类型反应的半衰期表达式也往往不一致。对具有简单级数反应的半衰期表达式进行了分析,重点讨论了不同类型的二级反应和三级反应半衰期表达式的特点及其他们之间的内在联系和区别。     

构象分析初期的研究和有关的思考

简单介绍构象分析方法创建初期的研究工作,构象分析方法的2位创始人OddHassel和Derek H.R.Barton的简单情况,并分析由此给我们的启示。     

基于纳米粒子的比色检测及其在化学传感及生物检测的应用

基于纳米粒子的比色检测由于其简单性、多样性而备受关注。在该体系中,目标分析物直接或间接诱发纳米粒子的聚集和分散,从而可通过溶胶的颜色改变实现分析检测。该综述介绍了纳米粒子分散及聚集过程的物理现象,简单讨论了纳米粒子间的作用力,对两种作用机制(粒子间交联和非粒子间交联来调节纳米粒子的分散和聚集)进行了介绍。并对纳米粒子在重金属离子检测、生物检测等方面的应用及方法的分析特性进行了概述,对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

敞开式电离质谱技术在法医毒物分析中的应用

敞开式电离质谱(Ambient ionization mass spectrometry,AIMS)是指在大气压环境下,无需或只需简单的样品前处理即可对样品中目标物进行分析的质谱技术。AIMS具有简单、快速、无损和适用范围广等优势,被广泛应用于法医毒物分析领域。该文对敞开式电离(Ambient ionization,AI)技术进行了简单概述,将检材分为体内检材和体外检材两大类,综述了AIMS技术在不同类型检材毒物分析中的应用,并对其在法医毒物分析中的发展前景进行了展望。     

基于简单信号读出的即时检测研究进展

即时检测(Point-of-care testing,POCT)技术作为一种简便、快速的在线分析检测手段,在疾病诊断、健康管理、环境监测和应急响应分析等领域得到了广泛应用.有效构建适于各种目标分析物的简单信号读出的产生、转移、放大和增敏策略,发展具有简单、快速、灵敏的分析检测信号,已成为POCT研究领域关注的热点.一些...     

具有相同简单级数的不同反应类型的半衰期公式——以二级反应和三级反应为例

化学反应的半衰期公式不仅与反应级数有关,而且与反应类型相关。具有相同简单级数的不同类型反应的半衰期表达式也往往不一致。对具有简单级数反应的半衰期表达式进行了分析,重点讨论了不同类型的二级反应和三级反应半衰期表达式的特点及其他们之间的内在联系和区别。     

将微流控分析引入高校分析化学的实验教学

微流控分析实验教学作为微流控分析教学的重要组成部分,对学生更好地了解微流控分析的特点和优势,激发学生的学习兴趣具有积极作用。根据微流控分析理论教学内容,设计了两个简单,易在普通实验室开设的实验用于微流控分析实验教学。     

环境水体中苯和甲苯的快速测定

本文用大口径毛细管柱和顶空进样技术对水体中苯和甲苯的测定条件进行了探讨。实验表明：本方法灵敏度高、检出限为5μg／L。样品处理简单，是日常分析中一种快速、简单的方法。     

Saframycins 及Ecteinascidins化合物的合成研究进展

综述了两类双四氢异喹啉生物碱Saframycins和Ecteinascidins的合成研究进展. 分析了各合成路线的关键步骤, 部分讨论了各方法的优缺点, 并对其生物合成和作用机理作了简单介绍.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.