Model/data comparison of typhoon-generated noise

Ocean noise recorded during a typhoon can be used to monitor the typhoon and investigate the mechanism of the windgenerated noise. An analytical expression for the typhoon-generated noise intensity is derived as a function of wind speed.A "bi-peak" structure was observed in an experiment during which typhoon-generated noise was recorded. Wind speed dependence and frequency dependence were also observed in the frequency range of 100 Hz–1000 Hz. The model/data comparison shows that results of the present model of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and the typhoon-generated noise intensity has a dependence on frequency and a power-law dependence on wind speed.     

中低能速度能区离子与H,He原子碰撞中的经典电子俘获截面

Bohr-Lindhard模型被用来描述中低能速度能区离子—原子碰撞中的经典电子俘获过程。根据离子与原子的作用时间与碰撞参数的关系,建立俘获几率对碰撞参数的依赖性,碰撞参数范围被限定在俘获半径之内。在该模型的框架内,人们试图通过电子的空间分布函数来研究所有碰撞参数的贡献,但存在较为复杂的数值计算。基于Bohr-Lindhard模型,本工作提出通过简单的指数衰减函数来描述电子俘获几率对碰撞参数的依赖性,计算了Aq+(q = 2~6)-H碰撞中的单电子俘获截面和Aq+(q = 3~6)-He碰撞中的双电子俘获截面,计算结果与已有实验数据符合很好,很好地描述了低能和中能区的电子俘获截面随能量和电荷态的变化,该工作还可计算其他不同电荷态离子与He和H靶的电子俘获截面。     

Ellipticity dependence of high-order harmonic generation from aligned molecules

We report ellipticity dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned N2, O2, and CO2 molecules. Experimentally, we find that the ellipticity dependence is sensitive to molecular alignment and to the shape and symmetry of the valence orbitals. It is also found that the destructive interference in the recombination process affects the ellipticity dependence. Theoretically, we extend the original Lewenstein model to a more generalized model, which can be applicable to HHG from molecules, by introducing an electron acceleration parameter xi(theta) and by combining the molecular orbital method. The present observations are successfully explained by our model.     

Energy and centrality dependence of rapidity densities at RHIC energies

The energy and centrality dependence of the charged multiplicity per participant nucleon is shown to be able to differentiate between final state saturation and fixed scale perturbative QCD models of initial entropy production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The energy dependence is shown to test the nuclear enhancement of the minijet component of the initial conditions, while the centrality dependence provides a key test of whether gluon saturation is reached at RHIC energies. The HIJING model predicts that the rapidity density per participant increases with centrality, while the saturation model prediction is essentially independent of centrality.     

Characterization of spectral hole depth in Tm^3＋ ：YAG within the cryogenic temperature range

In this paper, spectral hole depth dependence on temperature below 10 K in Tm^3＋ ：YAG crystal is investigated in detail. A novel model is proposed to analyze the temperature dependence on the spectral hole. By using the proposed model, we theoretically deduce the temperature dependence of spectral hole depth. The results are compared with experimental results and they are in good agreement. According to the theoretic results, the optimum temperature in experiment can be found.     

On a.c. conductivity in chalcogenide glasses

A simple model describing doubly occupied defect states in chalcogenide glasses is used to get the power frequency dependence of a.c. conductivity. The temperature dependence of the exponent is found to be linear for not too low temperatures.     

Improved thermal model and its application in UV high-power pulsed laser ablation of metal target

An improved thermal model describing UV high-power nanosecond laser ablation of metal target is presented. The vaporization effect, the plasma shielding effect, as well as the absorption coefficient and absorptivity dependence of temperature are considered in this model. Take iron target as an example, the numerical solutions are obtained from the heat flow equations (before and after melting) using a finite difference method. The space and time dependence of temperature of the target, the time dependence of temperature at two different positions for a certain laser fluence, and the ablation rate as a function of laser fluence are also presented. The numerical results that agreed well with the experimental data are much better than the one without, which indicates that the above two effects and the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient and absorptivity in UV high-power laser ablation of metal target should not be neglected. We hope the present model will be useful for further experimental investigation of metal thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition.     

Energy Dependence of String Fragmentation Function and φ Meson Production

The φ meson productions in Au+Au and/or Pb+Pb collisions at AGS, SPS, RHIC, and LHC energies have been studied systematically with a hadron and string cascade model LUCIAE. After considering the energy dependence of the model parameter α in string fragmentation function and adjusting it to the experimental data of charged multiplicity to a certain extent, the model predictions for φ meson yield, rapidity, and transverse mass distributions are compatible with the experimental data at AGS, SPS and RHIC energies. A calculation for Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy is given as well. The obtained fractional variable in string fragmentation function shows a saturation in energy dependence. It is discussed that the saturation of fractional variable in string fragmentation function might be a qualitative representation of the energy dependence of nuclear transparency.     

Time dependence of the polarization of the luminescence in chalcogenide glasses

Time dependence of the polarization of the luminescence with polarized exciting light and its temperature dependence were observed in chalcogenide glasses. The experimental data can be analyzed with a model based on localized excitons in a fluctuating potential due to random structure of the glasses.     

Characterization of spectral hole depth in Tm3+:YAG within cryogenic temperature range

In this paper, spectral hole depth dependence on temperature below 10 K in Tm³⁺:YAG crystal is investigated in detail. A novel model is proposed to analyze the temperature dependence on spectral hole. By using the proposed model, we theoretically deduce the temperature dependence of spectral hole depth. The results are compared with experimental results and they are in good agreement. According to the theoretic results, the optimum temperature in experiment can be found.     

Kinetic accessibility of buried DNA sites in nucleosomes

Using a theoretical model for spontaneous partial DNA unwrapping from histones, we study the transient exposure of protein-binding DNA sites within nucleosomes. We focus on the functional dependence of the rates for site exposure and reburial on the site position, which is measurable experimentally and pertinent to gene regulation. We find the dependence to be roughly described by a random walker model. Close inspection reveals a surprising physical effect of flexibility-assisted barrier crossing, which we characterize within a toy model, the "semiflexible Brownian rotor."     

Yield stress of nanocrystalline materials: role of grain-boundary dislocations,triple junctions and Coble creep

A theoretical model is suggested which describes the strengthening of nanocrystalline materials due to the effects of triple junctions of grain boundaries as obstacles for grain-boundary sliding. In the framework of the model, a dependence of the yield stress characterizing grain-boundary sliding on grain size and triple-junction angles is revealed. With this dependence we have found that, in as-fabricated nanocrystalline materials, the yield stress depends upon a competition between conventional dislocation slip and grain-boundary sliding. On the other hand, yield stress dependence on grain size in heat-treated nanocrystalline materials is described as that caused by a competition between conventional dislocation slip and Coble creep. Grain-size and triple-junction angle distributions are incorporated into the consideration to account for distributions of grain size and triple-junction angles, occurring in real specimens. The results of the model are compared with experimental data from as-fabricated and heat-treated nanocrystalline materials and shown to be in good agreement.     

Energy dependence of Cronin momentum in saturation model for <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis> + <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> + <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis> collisions

The energy dependence of the Cronin momentum for p + A and A + A collisions in the saturation model are calculated. This dependence is consistent with simple dimensional considerations and can be used to test the validity of the saturation model. It gives the possibility to distinguish the different variants of the saturation model with precise experimental data and to measure the x dependence of the saturation momentum.     

A nonlinear constitutive audio frequency magneto-sensitive rubber model including amplitude, frequency and magnetic field dependence

A novel constitutive model of magneto-sensitive rubber in the audible frequency range is presented. Characteristics inherent to magneto-sensitive rubber within this dynamic regime are defined: magnetic sensitivity, amplitude dependence, elasticity and viscoelasticity. Prior to creating the model assumptions based on experimental observations concerning these components are formulated. The first observation is that not only does the rubber display a strong amplitude dependence even for small strains, but also the magnetic sensitivity is strongly amplitude dependent. The second and third are, respectively, that the elastic component is magneto-sensitive, whereas the viscoelastic dependence on magnetic induction appears to be small. Thus, the model is developed from these assumptions and parameters are optimized with respect to experimental values for one case and subsequently validated for others; a very good agreement is obtained.     

Quantum theory of dye lasers

A quantum model of dye laser is given. To account for triplet losses a six levels model for the molecular system is assumed. The solution of generalized von Neumann equation in thermodynamical limit leads to a system of kinetic equations. Stationary solutions of this system are discussed. There are two distinct types of dependence of photon number versus pumping parameter. Beside a usual one, a new dependence characteristic for dye lasers only is present. In this case the definition of threshold should be revised.     

Kondo lattice with heavy fermions: peculiarities of spin kinetics

A model of spin relaxation of Kondo lattices is proposed to explain the angular dependence of the electron spin resonance (ESR) parameters in the heavy fermion compounds Y bIr(2)Si(2) and Y bRh(2)Si(2). A perturbational scaling approach reveals a collective spin motion of Yb?ions with conduction electrons in the bottleneck regime. A common energy scale due to the Kondo effect regulates the temperature dependence of different kinetic coefficients to result in a mutual cancelation of all divergent parts in a collective spin mode. The angular dependence of the ESR intensity, linewidth and resonant frequency is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data on Y bIr(2)Si(2) and Y bRh(2)Si(2). In particular, the unexpectedly weak dependence of the ESR intensity on the orientation of the microwave magnetic field agrees with the properties of the discussed model.     

Role of the second-order photorefractive effect in phase matching in second-harmonic generation in a ferroelectric

A phenomenological model of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in ferroelectrics in the absence of phase matching is considered. It is shown that conversion efficiency can be increased owing to a strong dependence of the second-order susceptibility on the second-harmonic intensity. The dependence of the conversion efficiency on the pump wave intensity is studied.