IR-spectroscopic studies of the interaction of pyridine bases with vanadium and molybdenum oxides supported on magnesia

As shown by IR-spectroscopic studies, pyridine bases interacting with V₂O₅ and MoO₃ supported on MgO form hydrogen bonds with surface hydroxyls and coordinate bonds with V and Mo ions. The interaction of 2,6-dimethylpyridine adsorbed on the surface with oxygen leads to the formation of 6-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, whose formyl group interacts with surface hydroxyls.

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, V₂O₅ MoO₃, MgO, V Mo. 2,6- 6--2-, OH-.

     

FT-IR and FT-FIR studies of vanadium,molybdenum and tungsten oxides supported on different carriers

In the far IR region at low molybdenum loadings, Mo-SiO₂ catalysts present a pseudomolybdate or a polymolybdate species, while bulk-like MoO₃ appears at loadings close to the geometrical monolayer coverage. W-SiO₂ and V-SiO₂ spectra show bands close to those observed on the corresponding bulk oxides.In the case of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ supported catalysts, a band is observed near 1000 cm^–1 which is assigned to the Mo=O stretching vibration of coordinatively unsaturated Mo ⁿ⁺ ions showing a stronger interaction with the support than one observed on silica.     

A laser Raman spectroscopy study of molybdenum oxide supported on alumina and titania

Molybdenum oxide supported on alumina and titania prepared by three different methods (impregnation, calcination and hydrothermal treatment of mechanical mixtures), have been studied by laser Raman spectroscopy. Different oxomolybdenum species have been detected depending on the method of preparation and on the calcination conditions. Heptamolybdate and polymolybdate species were found in the impregnated and in the uncalcined, hydrothermally treated samples supported on alumina and titania, respectively, whereas polymolybdate species were formed on the surface of alumina when the mechanical mixtures and the hydrothermally treated samples were calcined in the presence of water vapour. However, two kinds of species, polymolybdate and mono-oxomolybdenum, were found in the case of the mechanical mixtures and the hydrothermally treated samples calcined in the presence of water vapour when supported on titania.     

Oxidative ammonolysis of 3- and 4-methylpyridines on vanadium oxide catalysts modified with titanium and tin oxides

Catalytic properties of vanadium-titanium-tin oxides catalysts of various compositions were studied in oxidative ammonolysis of 3- and 4-methylpyridines.     

Characterization of vanadium and titanium oxide supported SBA-15

Supported vanadium and titanium oxide catalysts were prepared by adsorption and subsequent calcination of the vanadyl and titanyl acetylacetonate complexes, respectively, on mesoporous SBA-15 by the molecular designed dispersion (MDD) method. Liquid and gas phase depositions at different temperatures were carried out with vanadyl acetylacetonate, and the different results together with those of titanyl acetylacetonate in the liquid phase deposition were discussed. The bonding mechanism, the influence of the metal interaction with the support material, and differences due to the way of deposition and the temperature were investigated by TGA, chemical analysis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Elevated dissolving temperatures in the liquid phase led to higher final loadings on the SBA-15 without the formation of clusters, even at high loadings. The decomposition of the anchored vanadium and titanium complexes, their thermal stability, and the conversion to the covalently bound VO(x) and TiO(x) species on SBA-15 were studied and investigated by in situ transmission IR spectroscopy. In general, the titanium complex is more reactive than the vanadium complex toward the surface of SBA-15 and has a higher thermal stability. The MDD method of the VO(acac)2 and TiO(acac)2 enables to create a dispersed surface of supported VO(x) and TiO(x), respectively. The structure configurations of VO(x) and TiO(x) oxide catalysts obtained at different metal loadings were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Pore size distributions, XRD, and N2 sorption confirmed the structural stability of these materials after grafting. VO(x)/SBA-15 and TiO(x)/SBA-15 samples, with different metal loadings, were also catalytically tested for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia.     

Infrared spectroscopic study of the interaction between furan and a vanadium oxide catalyst

The results of the infrared spectroscopic study of the interaction between furan and a vanadium oxide catalyst permit to suppose that the intermediates in furan oxidation are surface succinyl oxide and maleates.

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, , , - .

     

Chromium,vanadium, molybdenum,tungsten, magnesium,and aluminum hydrotalcite hydroxo salts and oxide catalysts on their base

A method is developed for the synthesis of chromium-containing catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes, comprising the precipitation, from nitrate solutions, of mixtures of isomorphic hydrotalcite-type magnesium aluminum and magnesium chromium hydroxocarbonates and the incorporation of oxovanadate, oxomolybdate, and oxotungstate ions by means of anion exchange and subsequent heat treatment. A series of oxide catalyst samples with progressively more complex compositions were prepared: Mg-Al, V-Mg-Al, V-Mo-Mg-Al, Cr-V-Mg-Al, Cr-V-Mo-Mg-Al, and Cr-V-Mo-W-Mg-Al. The catalytic properties of these complex oxides in the ODH of ethane and propane are improved with progressively complex compositions. Chromium-containing catalysts have higher selectivities and provide higher conversions compared to state-of-the-art iron- and nickel-containing oxides.     

Defective magnesium oxides with oxygen-containing anion fragments incorporated in the oxide structure

The synthesis of defective magnesium oxides from different precursors is reported. The formation of the defective oxides (which are catalytically active in free-radical reactions) as substitutional solid solutions is possible only via MgO hydration in a salt solution.     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on graphene oxide supported layered double oxides

Adsorption of CO₂ on layered double oxides supported on graphene oxide has been studied under dry and wet conditions. In the first exposure to the adsorptive gas, the isotherms obtained for supported and unsupported materials are shown to fit to the Freundlich model indicating the existence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. After multiple temperature-swing cycles, the adsorption capacity decreased and the data is better described by the Langmuir model. The presence of graphene oxide is shown to reduce the loss of adsorption capacity, and helps to maintain the heterogeneity of the basic sites on the adsorbents. The use of wet gas mixtures was found to have a positive effect on the CO₂ adsorption capacity of the graphene oxide hybrids. The presence of residual sodium on the materials resulted in a Freundlich isotherm with increased adsorption capacity.     

Acid base properties and catalytic activity of vanadium pentoxide supported on cerium oxide

The surface acidity and basicity of vanadium pentoxide supported on CeO₂ were determined using a set of Hammett indicators. The data have been correlated with the catalytic activity of these oxides towards liquid phase acylation of phenol.     

Thermal studies of the reactions of vanadium(V) oxide with other transition metal oxides

Studies of the thermal behaviour of binary oxide mixtures containing vanadium(V) oxide (V₂O₅-TiO₂, V₂,O₅- MoO₃, V₂,O₅-ZrO₂ and V₂O₅-ZnO) have shown that the evolution of gaseous oxygen at fairly low temperatures is characteristic of those systems which are eflective catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. No weight changes were observed with V₂, O₅-ZnO mixtures under these conditions and, in accordance with this, zinc(II) oxide does not enhance the catalytic activity of vanadium(V) oxide. In V₂O₅-containing systems, evolution of oxygen occurs during the reduction of V₂O₅ to V₂O₄. This process is accelerated in the presence of certain metal oxides and such acceleration may be caused by structural interactions at the interface of the oxides. Among the systems studied, the formation of compounds such as Mo₆V₉O₄₀ is thought to be of little significance from the catalytic point of view.

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Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung des thermischen Verhaltens vanadium(V)-oxid-haltiger binärer Mischungen (V₂O₅-TiO₂, V₂O₅-MoO₃, V₂O₅-ZrO₂ und V₂O₅-ZnO) ergab, daß die Entwicklung gasförmigen Sauerstoffs bei niedrigen Temperaturen für jene Systeme, welche effektive Katalysatoren der Oxidierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen sind, charakteristisch ist. Keine Gewichtsänderungen wurden bei Mischungen von V₂O₅-ZnO unter diesen Bedingungen beobachtet und dementsprechend fördert Zink(II) Oxid die katalytische Aktivität von Vanadium(V) Oxid nicht. In V₂O₅-haltigen Systemen erfolgt die Sauerstoffentwicklung während der Reduktion von V₂O₅ zu V₂O₄. Dieser Vorgang wird durch die Anwesenheit gewisser Metalloxide beschläunigt und kann durch strukturelle Wechselwirkungen an der Grenzfläche der Oxide gedeutet werden. Bei den untersuchten Systemen wird die Bildung von Verbindungen wie Mo₆V₉O₄₀ vom Gesichtspunkt der Katalyse als wenig bedeutend betrachtet.

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Résumé L'étude du comportement thermique de mélanges d'oxydes binaires contenant de l'oxyde de vanadium(V) (V₂O₅-TiO₂, V₂O₅-MoO₃, V₂O₅-ZrO₂ et V₂O₅-ZnO) a montré que le dégagement de gaz oxygène à température relativement faible est caractéristique des systèmes qui sont des catalyseurs actifs de l'oxydation des hydrocarbures. Avec les mélanges V₂,O₅-ZnO, on n'a pas observé de variations pondérales dans les mêmes conditions et, en accord avec l'observation faite, l'oxyde de zinc(II) n'augmente pas l'activité catalytique de l'oxyde de vanadium(V). Dans les systèmes contenant V₂O₅, le dégagement d'oxygène a lieu au cours de la réduction de V₂O₅ en V₂,O₄. Cette réaction est accélérée en présence de certains oxydes métalliques. Le phénomène d'accélération peut être dû à des interactions structurales à l'interface des oxydes. Dans les systèmes étudiés, la formation de composés comme Mo₆V₉O₄₀ est considérée de peu d'importance du point de vue catalytique.

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, (V₂O₅-iO₂, V₂O₅-₃, V₂O₅-ZrO₂ V₂O₅-ZnO), , , . V₂O₅-ZnO , , () . , , V₂O₅ V₂O₄. . Mo₆V₉O₄₀ , .

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The authors would like to thank Dr. D. J. Cole for carrying out the experimental work.     

Reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia over complex vanadium and chromium oxides

Catalytic properties of -Al₂O₃ -supported complex vanadium and chromium oxides V_2–x Cr _x O_5– (0 < × s 1.3), amorphous to X-rays, in the reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia were studied. Vanadium exists in these catalysts mostly in a pentavalent state and chromium exists as Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺. As the content of chromium in the catalysts increases, the optimal temperature of the process decreases, and the degree of conversion of nitrogen oxides increases.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 339–342, February, 1996.     

Ni catalysts supported on nanocrystalline magnesium oxide for syngas production by CO2 reforming of CH4

CO2 reforming of methane (CDRM) was carried out over MgO supported Ni catalysts with various Ni loadings. The preparation of MgO supported Ni catalysts via surfactant-assisted precipitation method led to the formation of a nanocrystalline carrier for nickel catalysts. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2 chemisorption, TPR, TPO and SEM techniques. It was found that the high catalytic activity and stability of the prepared catalysts could be attributable to high dispersion of reduced Ni species and basicity of support surface. In addition, the effect of feed ratio, nickel loading and GHSV on the catalytic performance of CDRM over the catalysts were investigated.     

Synthesis, structural and transport properties of Li-doped molybdenum and vanadium oxide nanocrystalline films

The aim of this study was to determine an influence of lithium excess in nanocrystalline xLi₂O–(80 − x)V₂O₅–20MoO₃, nH₂O (0 ≤ x ≤ 15 mol.%) on their transport and structural properties. The obtained nanorods have width of 8–24 nm with lengths up to 200 nm. The density of the samples decreases with increasing Li content. The electrical conductivity shows that all samples are semiconductor and decreases with increasing Li content. From the best fits, reasonable values of various small polaron hopping parameters were obtained. The density of state N(E _F ) values were evaluated and found to vary from 2.76 to 11.14 × 10²¹ eV⁻¹ cm⁻³. The values of optical phonon frequency (ν _o ) were obtained to be 1.36–1.61 × 10¹³ Hz. The electrical conduction at T > θ_D/2 was due to non-adiabatic SPH.