C-ADS中质子束窗散射效应和热力学计算

质子束窗是C-ADS中隔离加速器的真空环境与靶的非真空环境的重要部件。质子束窗材料及其冷却介质造成的束流散射效应是造成束流在靶外损失的主要因素,由于质子束窗中的高能量沉积和高辐照效应,束窗的热力学计算显得尤为重要。计算结果表明:当质子束窗和散裂靶距离为1.5 m时,通过选取合理的结构参数,多管道型质子束窗结构可以将靶外束流损失控制在1%以内。束窗中总的应力,包括由于温度升高造成的热应力、冷却剂的静压,以及束窗两侧加速器真空与外部非真空环境的压强差造成的应力,可以有效控制在所用材料的许用应力之内。并通过计算讨论给出C-ADS中质子束窗的初步设计参数。     

CSNS-Ⅱ靶站质子束窗结构设计与优化分析

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）靶站质子束窗位于环到靶站输运线（RTBT）与靶站交接面,起到隔离加速器高真空和靶站氦气环境的作用。随着束流功率提高,目前质子束窗单层膜结构形式已无法满足CSNS-Ⅱ 500 kW的高功率需求,因此开展CSNS-Ⅱ质子束窗研制,设计出双层膜中间通水的冷却结构,完成质子束窗双层膜的薄膜半径、薄膜厚度、水冷槽长度与宽度、对流换热系数等各参数对质子束窗温升与热应力的影响分析。通过冷却水需求分析得出,冷却水流速需大于15 L/min。通过质子束窗主体的流固耦合分析,消除箱体内部死水区域。最终优化后质子束窗薄膜位置最高温度47.8℃,薄膜位置最高热应力30.758 MPa。通过FLUKA软件对质子束窗材料的辐照损伤性能进行分析,在每年5 000 h工作时长、500 kW高功率束流的辐照下,辐照损伤DPA计算值为1.285 DPA,质子束窗的安全使用寿命在7年以上。     

第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

中国散裂中子源反角白光中子源T0信号的精确扇出方法

反角白光中子源位于中国散裂中子源(CSNS),是以不同中子能量下的核数据测量为目标的大型物理实验装置,中子的能量是通过中子飞行时间(TOF)来获取的.实验中,将质子束流轰击钨靶的时刻作为TOF的起始时刻(T0),相应的电子学信号被用于触发整个电子学系统的运行.为了保证TOF测量的准确性和电子学系统各通道采集的同步性,需...     

中国散裂中子源二期靶站关键部件辐照损伤模拟计算

中国散裂中子源一期工程于2018年通过国家验收,当前束流功率已经达到140 kW.为进一步提高靶站慢化器输出中子强度,已经提出中国散裂中子源二期500 kW功率升级计划.靶站关键部件长期受到高通量、高能量的粒子辐照,会产生较强的辐照损伤,影响着这些部件的使用寿命.本文首先使用PHITS3.33程序计算了钨、SS316不锈钢、6061铝合金3种材料的质子和中子原子离位截面以及氢、氦的产生截面,并分析了NRT (Norgett-Robinson-Torrens)模型和热平衡前原子复位修正(athermal recombination corrected,ARC)模型对材料离位损伤的影响.在此基础上结合中国散裂中子源二期靶站基线模型计算了靶站关键部件在500 kW的束流功率下运行5000 h产生的原子离位次数(displacement per atom,DPA)以及氢、氦的产额.计算结果表明,钨靶受辐照后产生的NRT-dpa,ARC-dpa,H和He产额最大值分别为8.01 dpa/y (1 y=2500 MW·h),2.39 dpa/y,5110 appm/y (atom parts pe...     

中国散裂中子源直线加速器束流流强测量系统

介绍了中国散裂中子源(CSNS)直线加速器(Linac)采用的自主研制的束流变压器(BCT)系统。根据CSNS Linac的束流参数、加速器管道的横向孔径和纵向空间,专门设计了BCT进行束流宏脉冲流强的测量。在CSNS Linac试运行阶段成功地测量到了负氢粒子束流的宏脉冲信息,给调束运行提供了有利的保障和支撑。     

质子束轰击金属靶面的二次电子效应的模拟研究

基于粒子云网格计算方法,对质子束轰击靶面产生二次电子的效应进行了模拟研究,得到了不同电场强度对质子束的品质以及其产生的二次电子的数量的影响。研究表明,50 kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.8 mm,并有近10%的质子束打在阴极侧壁上;150 kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.2 mm。这说明,抽取电场强度小时质子束分散,其束流品质下降;抽取电场强度大时质子束紧凑。通过调控抽取、加速电压,可以有效地控制到靶质子流的聚散状况,以及由此产生的二次电子的强度及分布。     

中国散裂中子源的多学科应用

中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)是我国首台、世界第4台脉冲型中子大科学设施。CSNS基于加速器产生的高能质子轰击钨靶产生中子,然后利用中子进行实验。CSNS面向全世界的用户开放,为科学研究和工业研发服务,在物理、化学、生物、能源、材料等领域都有广泛的应用。文章将介绍CSNS的基本构成、发展历程和中子散射的多学科应用。     

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器中色品校正及六极磁铁非线性效应

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）把能量为80 MeV的束流储存并加速到1.6 GeV然后引出到靶站。为了减少RCS中的束流损失，有必要对RCS做色品校正，并减小动量偏移对束流光学的影响。尝试了多种色品校正方案并对不同色品校正方案做了比较。用三维跟踪程序SIMPSONS研究了色品校正六极铁与空间电荷效应对束流的影响。色品校正六极铁可以有效减小色品引起的频散，但是由于六极铁为非线性元件，导致不同振幅的粒子间有一定频散。模拟发现同时存在空间电荷效应和色品校正六极铁时，会有少量的束流损失。     

强流质子加速器束流剖面分布及束晕测量系统设计

 针对一台用于加速器驱动洁净核能源系统研究、高占空比的强流质子加速器,开展强流质子直线加速器束晕产生的研究工作,其中的束流剖面分布特别是束晕部分测量的束流诊断系统是研究工作的核心内容。束晕的产生在低能量段尤其重要,且对整个直线加速器的设计有重要影响。介绍了研究束晕增长的束流输运线和测量系统的布局设计,并根据所研究的加速器束流的情况进行束流剖面探测器和束晕测量的设计和预研,包括丝靶材料的模拟计算和选择、机械驱动的控制系统设计和研究、前端模拟电路的设计和仿真模拟、以及整个系统与EPICS和VxWorks的计算机控制接口等。     

Proposal for muon and white neutron sources at CSNS

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a large scientific facility with the main purpose of serving multidisciplinary research on material characterization using neutron scattering techniques. The accelerator system is to provide a proton beam of 120 kW with a repetition rate of 25 Hz initially (CSNSⅠ), progressively upgradeable to 240 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ) and 500 kW (CSNS-Ⅱ'). In addition to serving as a driving source for the spallation target, the proton beam can be exploited for serving additional functions both in fundamental and applied research. The expanded scientific application based on pulsed muons and fast neutrons is especially attractive in the overall consideration of CSNS upgrade options. A second target station that houses a muon-generating target and a fast-neutron-generating target in tandem, intercepting and removing a small part of the proton beam for the spallation target, is proposed. The muon and white neutron sources are operated principally in parasitic mode, leaving the main part of the beam directed to the spallation target. However, it is also possible to deliver the proton beam to the second target station in a dedicated mode for some special applications. Within the dual target configuration, the thin muon target placed upstream of the fast-neutron target will consume only about 5% of the beam traversed; the majority of the beam is used for fast-neutron production. A proton beam with a beam power of about 60 kW, an energy of 1.6 GeV and a repetition rate of 12.5 Hz will make the muon source and the white neutron source very attractive to multidisciplinary researchers.     

Physical design of target station and neutron instruments for China Spallation Neutron Source

The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is the first accelerator-based multidiscipline user facility to produce pulsed neutrons by tungsten target under collision of a pulsed proton beam with a beam power of 100 kW at a repetition rate of 25 Hz.In this paper,we focus on the physical design of CSNS target station and neutron instruments.Under optimized design,the flat tungsten target and the compact target-moderator-reflector coupling enhance effective cold and thermal neutron output from moderators.Three wing-type moderators supply four different characteristics of neutrons to 19 beamlines primarily for neutron scattering applications.Layout of neutron instruments are conceptually planned for total 20 beamlines,the configuration and specification have been determined for three day-one neutron instruments.All designs are optimized for the Phase I of 100 kW with a upgradable capacity to 500 kW.     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

Studies of dual-harmonic acceleration at CSNS-Ⅱ

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron(RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) complex is designed to provide 1.56×1013 protons per pulse(ppp) during the initial stage,and it is upgradeable to 3.12×1013 ppp during the second stage and 6.24×1013 ppp during the ultimate stage.The high beam intensity in the RCS requires alleviation of space charge effects to reduce beam losses,which is key in such high beam power accelerators.With higher intensities in the upgrading phases,a dual-harmonic RF system is planned to produce flat-topped bunches that are useful to reduce the space charge effects.We have studied different schemes to apply the dual-harmonic acceleration in CSNS-,and have calculated the main parameters of the RF systems,which are presented in this paper.     

Study of accelerator neutrino detection at a spallation source

We study the detection of accelerator neutrinos produced at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).Using the code FLUKA,we have simulated the production of neutrinos in a proton beam on a tungsten target and obtained the yield efficiency,numerical flux,and average energy of different flavors of neutrinos.Furthermore,detection of these accelerator neutrinos is investigated in two reaction channels:neutrino-electron reactions and neutrino-carbon reactions.The expected numbers of different flavors of neutrinos have also been calculated.     

中国散裂中子源靶站重要部件的辐照损伤计算与分析

本文采用高能粒子输运程序MCNPX 2.5.0,对中国散裂中子源(CSNS)靶站重要部件所使用的钨、SS316不锈钢与Al-6061等材料,由于中子与质子辐照所引起的损伤能量截面与原子离位截面进行了计算,对钨靶体、靶的不锈钢容器、慢化器与反射体的铝容器等部件的辐照损伤量——原子离位次数(displacement per atom,DPA)进行了计算与分析,并给出了质子束斑形状对靶体及靶容器DPA峰值的影响. 这些计算与分析对正在建设的中国散裂中子源靶站的设计及参数选择具有重要的实际意义. 关键词： 中国散裂中子源 损伤能量截面 原子离位截面 DPA     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

Simulation on buildup of electron cloud in a proton circular accelerator

Electron cloud interaction with high energy positive beams are believed responsible for various undesirable effects such as vacuum degradation, collective beam instability and even beam loss in high power proton circular accelerators. An important uncertainty in predicting electron cloud instability lies in the detailed processes of the generation and accumulation of the electron cloud. The simulation on the build-up of electron cloud is necessary to further studies on beam instability caused by electron clouds. The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) is an intense proton accelerator facility now being built, whose accelerator complex includes two main parts: an H-linac and a rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS). The RCS accumulates the 80 Me V proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 Ge V with a repetition rate of 25 Hz. During beam injection with lower energy, the emerging electron cloud may cause serious instability and beam loss on the vacuum pipe. A simulation code has been developed to simulate the build-up,distribution and density of electron cloud in CSNS/RCS.     

Preliminary shielding analysis for the CSNS target station monolith

The construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS） has been initiated at Dongguan,Guangdong,China.In spallation neutron sources the target station monolith is contaminated by a large number of fast neutrons whose energies can be as large as those of the protons of the proton beam directed towards the tungsten target.A detailed radiation transport analysis of the target station monolith is important for the construction of the CSNS.The analysis is performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method.Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and first collision source methodology is also illustrated.The dose at the edge of the monolith is calculated.The results demonstrate that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the required standard limit.