不同雾化模式下乙醇静电喷雾冷却换热特性

为揭示静电喷雾冷却过程传热强化机制,设计搭建了静电喷雾冷却传热实验台,对比研究了滴状、微滴、锥射流及多股射流模式下的喷雾粒径、喷雾速度等雾化特性,分析了雾化模式及工质流量对冷却换热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着电压逐渐增加,喷雾粒径不断减小、喷雾速度不断增大,且电场力逐渐主导液体破碎及喷雾液滴撞击换热面过程;此外,随着雾化模式由滴状/微滴转变为锥射流/多股射流时,电场力可有效促进单相换热区的喷雾液滴铺展以及抑制过热状态下的液滴反弹,使核态沸腾阶段向更高表面温度方向延伸,喷雾冷却换热能力显著提升。     

流量、换热表面方向对光滑表面喷雾冷却的影响

本文借助高速摄影仪对不同流量下、换热表面与水平面成不同角度时,换热表面上冷却工质的分布,以及沸腾换热的特点进行了可视化实验研究。本文主要研究了三种换热表面方向,即水平向上,水平向下,以及与水平面垂直。研究表明:喷雾冷却的热流密度随着流量的增加而提高。当换热表面水平向上时,喷雾冷却换热效果最高;当换热表面水平向下时,换热效果最低,但在一定条件下,具有最高临界热流密度;当换热表面与水平面垂直时,其换热效果介于上述两者之间。     

喷雾参数对闪蒸冷却换热效果影响的数值研究

真空闪蒸冷却是利用液体工质在真空环境下迅速闪蒸吸热的特点来冷却加热表面的新型冷却方式,其充分利用工质潜热,散热能力强,在航天热控方面有广阔的应用前景。本文用数值研究了喷雾张角、喷雾高度、喷雾压力对水工质闪蒸冷却换热效果的影响。研究结果表明:喷雾压力越大、高度越小,发热表面温度越低,换热量越大,表面温度不均匀性越小;30°喷雾张角比60°换热效果好。本文的研究结果为闪蒸器的优化设计提供了理论基础。     

R600a喷雾冷却系统换热过程

以R600a压力式封闭系统喷雾冷却过程为研究对象,对其换热过程进行分析。对液滴撞击热面后的状态进行建模,分析了其运动状态。通过忽略液膜的对流换热,引入韦伯数来简化并修正雾滴与热源表面的对流换热系数关联式;借鉴二次成核理论,通过单位时间内,单位面积上覆盖的雾滴数量对核态沸腾换热系数关联式修正。通过上述分析,以对流换热和核态沸腾换热两种机理为中心,建立了新的换热系数关联式。通过与其他文献的关联式、实验测量值进行比较、不同工质进行比较、不同实验系统比较,发现该式预测值和实验测量值偏差在±20%以内,能够很好地预测压力式封闭系统喷雾冷却过程的换热系数。     

压力与流量对喷雾冷却换热特性的影响

本文是在封闭式喷射腔内,以一次蒸馏水作为工质,结合本文所给出的喷嘴高度 H 与有效流量 G' 相互关系的理论模型,对微喷嘴的工质入口压力 P 和工质有效流量 G' 对喷雾冷却的换热特性的影响进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,入口压力 P 对换热效果的影响非常小,而有效流量 G' 对换热效果的影响很大,并且存在一个能使换热效果达到最好的有效流量值.     

小温差喷雾碰壁蒸发过渡段换热特性分析

本文对小温差下水平面的喷雾碰壁蒸发传热特性进行了实验研究.通过对实验数据的分析发现,喷雾碰壁蒸发换热过程可分为三个阶段,即雾化工质单相冲击对流换热段、过渡换热段、充分沸腾换热段.在喷雾碰壁蒸发换热过程中,总的热流密度由单相冲击对流换热的热流密度和沸腾换热的热流密度两部分组成.据此,提出并改进了喷雾碰壁蒸发换热过程中过渡段换热系数的处理方法,将有利于对喷雾碰壁换热的进一步研究.     

旋转条件下热驱动换热效果比较研究

本文在涡轮叶片新型超级冷却技术机理研究的基础上,设计了旋转条件下带冷却通道的新型超级冷却与涡轮叶片粗糙肋强化冷却对比实验。主要研究了旋转条件下带冷却通道的新型超级冷却换热规律,对比研究了粗糙肋强化冷却换热效果,通过对两种冷却技术换热效果的对比分析,结果表明:基于热驱动理论的新型超级冷却技术具有较好的换热效果。     

铜基镍纳米锥表面喷雾冷却的实验研究

本文实验研究了镜面抛光铜表面和两组不同高度镍纳米锥表面的喷雾冷却换热特性。接触角的实验与分析发现,纳米锥表面的接触角远小于抛光铜表面,且纳米锥高度越高,接触角越小。三组表面在喷雾冷却单相换热区换热性能相近,抛光铜表面换热性能略优。纳米锥表面在喷雾冷却两相换热区展现出更强的换热性能,且纳米锥高度越高,接触角越小,换热性能越好,CHF越高。     

喷雾冷却中液滴冲击壁面的流动和换热

喷雾冷却中液滴冲击壁面的流动和换热强弱可用铺展系数和冷却效能的大小来反映.本文利用Volume-of-Fluid(VOF)方法,对初始直径在50～150 μm,初始速度在1.0～10.0 m/s之间的单个液滴冲击恒温发热表面的情况进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明,增加液滴的初始速度和直径会扩大液滴的铺展范围,即铺展系数增大;液滴的初始直径越小、速度越大,则其冷却效能越大,即冷却能力越强.定量结果对喷雾系统的设计具有重要意义.     

喷淋高度对氨喷雾相变冷却特性的影响

喷雾相变冷却具有高热流密度的换热能力,本文通过建立喷雾相变冷却实验系统,以液氨为工质,使用单喷嘴,对冷却面为2.5 cm×1.2 cm的热沉进行了实验研究。结果表明:以氨为工质的喷雾相变冷却具有较高的换热能力;在热流密度达到400W/cm~2时,热沉表面的温度在15℃以下;在实验工况不变时,随喷嘴喷淋高度的降低,临界热流密度值(CHF)增大,最大换热系数可达95000 W/(m~2·K)。     

高功率固体激光器喷雾冷却技术

 喷雾冷却作为一种解决高功率激光器散热需求的技术得到越来越多的关注。结合近几年的研究工作,综述了喷雾冷却技术的研究现状。针对高功率激光器的散热需求,主要从传热机理、影响因素、温度均匀性方面进行阐述,分析了存在的问题。提出将制冷系统和喷雾系统结合、R600a等制冷剂为冷却剂的冷却方案,设计了气助式制冷喷雾冷却系统,分析了适用于制冷喷雾冷却系统的工质,提出了喷雾冷却技术在高功率固体激光器散热中的发展方向。     

雾化喷射冷却的机理及模型研究

雾化喷射冷却的换热机理十分复杂,目前其研究还很不成熟。本文从喷射雾滴的特性参数出发,以被冷却表面上形成的喷射液膜为对象,考虑了冷却液体向环境的散热,建立质量、能量守恒方程,得到半经验半解析的雾化喷射换热模型。其中,本文提出真换热系数和显换热系数的概念,认为显换热系数受空间散热影响,而真换热系数只与喷雾动量有关。最后设计了雾化喷射局部换热实验,对模型进行检验,结果表明,该模型能够较好地符合实验所得的换热系数及加热面表面温度沿喷射半径的分布趋势。     

Experimental Investigation of Continual- and Intermittent-Spray Cooling

This work involved continual- and intermittent-spray cooling heat transfer experiments on a flat surface to study the effects of the spray cycle, duty ratio, and spray time. The spray droplet parameters were similar, while the heat transfer coefficients for continual-spray cooling were appreciably larger than those of intermittent-spray cooling for the same pressure; however, the heat dissipated per kilogram of water for the intermittent-spray cooling was larger, especially in the non-boiling region. The results show that an optimal spray cycle and optimal duty ratio make more efficient use of the coolant in intermittent-spray cooling.     

Experimental Investigation Of Spray Cooling Heat Transfer On Straight Fin Surface Under Acceleration Conditions

A spray cooling heat transfer experiment on straight fin surface under acceleration conditions was conducted to investigate the effects of acceleration, flow rate, and nozzle height. The results show that the acceleration can improve the heat transfer performance in a limited way. In addition, whether in the acceleration or stationary condition, the flow rate as well as the nozzle height has the same impact on the spray cooling performance. It is also observed that the surface temperature can influence the effect of flow rate on spray cooling performance, and the cooling performance becomes worse with the increase of nozzle height.     

喷雾冷却相变传热的建模与模拟计算

喷雾冷却是一种高效的热控技术,为了探索形成完善的喷雾冷却技术设计流程,文章开展了喷雾冷却传热过程的建模研究.针对喷雾冷却传热过程的模拟计算,基于喷雾冷却相变传热的4个传热机制:液膜对流传热、池沸腾传热、二次气泡沸腾传热、二次气泡高频化机制,利用Monte Carlo方法描述了不同粒径与速率分布的液滴撞击液膜并生成二次气...     

无沸腾喷雾冷却技术的研究进展

文中简述了无沸腾喷雾冷却技术近年来国内外的研究进展。着重介绍了关于影响无沸腾区换热各参数的实验研究,如壁面温度、介质体积通量、喷雾流量、喷雾倾角和喷雾高度等,为寻求最佳换热提供了指导。并对无沸腾区的理论研究内容进行了归纳,主要是模拟不同喷雾条件下的换热过程及特性参数(如液膜厚度)的大小和分布,并将理论值与实验数据进行比较分析;总结了影响无沸腾区换热的喷雾特性参数和外部特性。     

水喷射淬冷高温壁面的传热实验研究

本文采用直接表面温度测量的方法对水喷射高温壁面的传热过程进行实验研究．系统地研究了射流出口速度、冷却水过冷度、喷嘴至加热面的间距、初始壁温以及水喷雾的流量密度等参数对淬冷表面的膜态沸腾、最小临界点、过渡沸腾、最大临界点等传热过程的影响，给出了有关实验结果，分析了它们的特点。     

An Experimental Investigation of Liquid Jet Impingement and Single-Phase Spray Cooling Using Polyalphaolefin

Experiments on triangular and rectangular array jet impingement and single-phase spray cooling have been performed to determine the effect of both cooling techniques on heat transfer coefficient (h) and the coolant mass flux required for a given cooling load. Experiments were performed with circular orifices and nozzles for different H/D values from 1.5 to 26 and Reynolds number range of 219 to 837, which is quite lower than the ranges employed in widely used correlations. The coolant used was polyalphaolefin. The experiments simulated the boundary condition produced at the surface of the stator of a high power low-density generator or motor. For the custom fabricated orifices, commercial nozzles, and conditions used in this study, both cooling configurations showed enhancement of heat transfer coefficient as H/D increases to a certain limit after which it starts to decrease. The heat transfer coefficient always increases with Reynolds number. In keeping with previous studies, single-phase spray cooling technique can provide the same heat transfer coefficient as jets at a slightly lower mass flux, but with much higher-pressure head. Special Nu_d correlations that account for the range of parameters and coolant studied in this work are derived.     

SPRAY COOLING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE METALS USING HIGH MASS FLUX INDUSTRIAL NOZZLES

Systematic experiments were conducted for the spray cooling of high-temperature stainless steel using three different types of industrial sprays: full cone and flat hydraulic nozzles and a flat air-mist nozzle. In the present study, a wide range of mass flux (1.5–30 kg/m²sec) is covered, which has never been thoroughly investigated before. Orientations with respect to gravity and spray angle were also explored.

The data have been analyzed and correlated. The results of this study will be important to the product quality control in industries by providing a good estimation of heat flux at different mass flux, spray types, and surface temperatures, especially for spray cooling of stainless steel and other metals with similar thermal properties.     

Heat Transfer from a Hot Moving Steel Plate by Air-Atomized Spray Impingement

Air-atomized spray cooling of a hot moving AISI 304 steel plate of 6 mm thickness has been investigated experimentally by varying water flow rate and plate velocity at a fixed nozzle-to-plate distance. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient is a non-linear function of surface temperature. The result shows that the cooling rate increases with an increase in the water flow rate. The highest cooling rate has been found for the static plate, whereas for a moving plate, an increasing cooling rate trend has been observed with increasing plate velocity.