基于微陷阱结构的金属二次电子发射系数抑制研究

近年来,金属二次电子发射系数的抑制研究在加速器、大功率微波器件等领域得到了广泛关注.为评估表面形貌对抑制效果的影响,利用唯象概率模型计算方法对三角形沟槽、矩形沟槽、方孔及圆孔4种不同形状微陷阱结构的二次电子发射系数进行了研究,分析了微陷阱结构的形状、尺寸对二次电子发射系数抑制特性的影响规律.理论研究结果表明:陷阱结构的深宽比、孔隙率越大,则其二次电子发射系数抑制特性越明显;方孔形和圆孔形微陷阱结构的二次电子发射系数抑制效果优于三角形沟槽和矩形沟槽;具有大孔隙率的微陷阱结构表面的二次电子发射系数对入射角度的依赖显著弱于平滑表面.制备了具有不同表面形貌的金属样片并进行二次电子发射系数测试,所得实验规律与理论模拟规律符合较好.     

X形超阻尼局域共振声子晶体梁弯曲振动带隙特性

以声子晶体理论为基础,设计了一种具有超阻尼特性的X形局域共振结构,分析了周期性附加X形局域共振的梁弯曲振动传播特性.利用拉格朗日方程分析了X形局域共振结构动力学等效特性,揭示了该结构的阻尼放大的机理,分析了几何结构参数对于带隙特性的影响,并利用有限元法验证了X形局域共振结构的超阻尼特性.研究结果表明,周期性附加X形局域结构能够有效地抑制低频弯曲振动在梁中的传播,产生超阻尼特性,实现低频、宽带的减振效果,为结构的低频减振提供了一个新的设计方案.     

基于MIM型表面等离子体光波导的Y形分束器的传输特性研究

采用二维时域有限差分(FDTD)法,分析并对比了弯曲分叉部分的形状分别为正弦形和圆弧形的基于金属-绝缘体-金属(MIM)型表面等离子体光波导的Y形分束器的反射率、传输率以及能量分束比随几何结构参数的变化关系。数值计算表明,波导宽度对这两种Y形分束器传输特性的影响较为明显,两个输出分支的偏移量和弯曲分叉部分的长度对这两种Y形分束器传输特性的影响比较微弱。在600～1500nm波长范围内,弯曲分叉部分为圆弧形的Y形分束器的传输特性比弯曲分叉部分为正弦形的好。对于非对称型Y形分束器,当弯曲分叉部分为正弦形时,偏移量对反射率、传输率和能量分束比的调节作用较为明显,能量分束比最大可达到2∶1。当弯曲分叉部分为圆弧形时,偏移量对反射率、传输率和能量分束比的调节作用较为微弱。     

小型铌酸锂多功能集成光学器件

为满足小型光纤陀螺对光学器件小体积的要求,对铌酸锂多功能集成光学小型化器件的结构做了分析和优化设计。采用BPM软件分析了Y形分支波导的S形波导损耗与弯曲长度及折射率差的关系。通过调整退火质子交换的工艺参数,增加了波导对光的束缚能力;降低了小型化芯片上S形波导的弯曲损耗;去掉了原有Y形波导的输出端直波导,直接由S形弯曲波导引至输出端,在更短的芯片上得到了更长的弯曲过渡区。设计制作的芯片长度由常规的20 mm减至12.5 mm,封装后的器件长度减小到20 mm,为目前同类常规器件尺寸的2/3。设计制作的器件插入损耗典型值小于2.5 dB,全温损耗变化量小于0.2 dB。     

离散谱折射率法分析深刻蚀、单模GaAs/GaAlAs脊形光波导

本文采用离散谱折射率法对深蚀刻、GaAs/GaAlAs多层脊形光波导模式特性进行了具体分析和设计,获得了较大截面、低损耗的单模脊形光波导.利用这种横向具有最大折射率差的深蚀刻脊形光波导不但可以提高多模干涉(MMI)型器件的性能,而且在设计和制作弯曲波导、分支结构时,具有结构紧凑、易于集成等优点.     

拉盖尔高斯光的衍射和轨道角动量的弥散

根据菲涅耳衍射积分和拉盖尔高斯光束场强分布,对拉盖高斯光束中的圆孔衍射、单缝衍射和方孔衍射进行了研究,并分析了拉盖高斯光束的相位结构对光束衍射后场分布的影响。拉盖高斯光束的相位奇点落在衍射孔中心时,由螺旋谱计算出拉盖高斯光束通过单缝和方孔衍射后的轨道角动量的弥散程度,从理论上证明了拉盖尔高斯光束通过圆孔衍射后,轨道角动量不发生弥散。     

枝状畴的形成及分形维数计算

对于石榴石磁泡薄膜,提出了产生单个枝状畴（MBD)的“低静态偏磁场法”.MBD的形成是与其畴壁内垂直布洛赫线（VBL）的形核相联系的.随着静态偏磁场H_b从“枝状膨胀的临界偏磁场”H[d]的降低,相应的MBD的畴形变得越来越复杂,伴随有几类硬磁泡的相继形成.对MBD进行了分形研究,把线结构维数的计算应用于MBD极其弯曲的畴壁结构,定量地描述了它们的弯曲和分枝程度,并与其畴壁内VBL的形核联系起来. 关键词：     

机械球磨对石墨结构的影响

对石墨进行了150h机械球磨,发现石墨原有的晶体结构被破坏,引入各种晶格缺陷的同时,生成了巴基洋葱、三脚架形碳纳米结构和纳米弓形等具有高度弯曲石墨面的碳纳米结构材料.还研究了其结构特征,并讨论了其形成机理 关键词：     

一种新型的大屏显示装置

在英国曼彻斯特机场新建的大厅里出现了一种大屏文字数字显示装置,整个显示板的尺寸是12×2米,显示板安装在离地6米的高处,可以看得很清楚。 这种显示装置中的显示屏由四层结构组成,三层塑料,一层玻璃。紧贴玻璃的一层塑料是不透明的,上面有许多圆孔,排成显示用的象元矩阵。中间一层塑料上面有许多肾形小孔,也可以说是两个连起来的圆孔(见图),其中一个正对着不透明塑料上的圆孔。在每个肾形孔里有一个小圆铁片,可以自由地从肾形孔的一端移至另一端,小圆片的大小正好把孔的一端填满,因此可以阻     

文丘里燃烧器结构对浓淡分离影响的数值模拟

本文通过对不同收缩比和收缩段形线结构下的文丘里管内气固两相流的数值模拟,给出了文丘里燃烧器浓淡分离效果和阻力特性与文丘里管结构的关系.结果表明,文丘里燃烧器的阻力损失主要发生在收缩段,并且随着收缩比的增大,燃烧器的浓淡分离效果将变差,阻力损失减小;当收缩段采用圆弧形形线结构时,可使文丘里燃烧器单位压降的浓淡比增加,且在弯曲弧度相同的情况下,"内凹"弧形与"外凸"弧形燃烧器相比,其单位压降浓淡比更大;收缩段形线弯曲弧度增大,单位压降浓淡比随之增大。     

基于DES方法的平板孤立冷却孔数值模拟研究

本文运用DES(Detached-Eddy Simulation)分离涡方法,对吹风比为0.51和1.04的平板孤立直圆孔和弯圆孔下游的换热特性和漩涡结构进行了数值研究,并简要分析了下游涡量场的结构。模拟结果显示,预测的壁面温度场的趋势与实验值吻合较好;与RANS方法相比,DES方法得到了更加丰富的流场细节和旋涡结构,同时再现了冷却孔下游具有流场的间歇性,对进一步理解和研究冷却孔下游流场内的旋涡结构提供了参考。     

Vortices in superconducting bulk, films and SQUIDs

The properties of the ideal periodic vortex lattice in bulk superconductors and in films of any thickness can be calculated from Ginzburg-Landau theory by an iteration method using Fourier series. The London theory yields general analytic expressions for the magnetic field and energy of arbitrary arrangements of straight or curved vortex lines. The elasticity of the vortex lattice is highly nonlocal. The magnetic response of superconductors of realistic shapes like thin and thick strips and disks or thin rectangular plates or films, containing pinned vortices, can be computed within continuum theory by solving an integral equation. A useful example is a thin square with a central hole and a radial slit, used as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).     

叶片正弯对间隙流动的影响

详细测量了常规直叶片与正弯叶片栅间隙内与上、下游流场，比较两套叶栅的实验结果发现：叶片正弯减小了叶顶后3／5轴向弦长范围内的横向压力梯度，并消除了上通道涡，因而大大削弱了泄漏流与瑞壁横流之间的相互干扰，相对漏气量与叶栅流动损失都显著降低．     

Interaction Mechanism and Loss Analysis of Mixing between Film Cooling Jet and Passage Vortex

The interaction between the film-cooling jet and vortex structures in the turbine passage plays an important role in the endwall cooling design. In this study, a simplified topology of a blunt body with a half-cylinder is introduced to simulate the formation of the leading-edge horseshoe vortex, where similarity compared with that in the turbine cascade is satisfied. The shaped cooling hole is located in the passage. With this specially designed model, the interaction mechanism between the cooling jet and the passage vortex can therefore be separated from the crossflow and the pressure gradient, which also affect the cooling jet. The loss-analysis method based on the entropy generation rate is introduced, which locates where losses of the cooling capacity occur and reveals the underlying mechanism during the mixing process. Results show that the cooling performance is sensitive to the hole location. The injection/passage vortex interaction can help enhance the coolant lateral coverage, thus improving the cooling performance when the hole is located at the downwash region. The coolant is able to conserve its structure in that, during the interaction process, the kidney vortex with the positive rotating direction can survive with the negative-rotating passage vortex, and the mixture is suppressed. However, the larger-scale passage vortex eats the negative leg of the kidney vortices when the cooling hole is at the upwash region. As a result, the coolant is fully entrained into the main flow. Changes in the blowing ratio alter the overall cooling effectiveness but have a negligible effect on the interaction mechanism. The optimum blowing ratio increases when the hole is located at the downwash region.     

Nanoscale displacement of the image of an atomic source of radiation

Light emitted by an atomic source of radiation appears to travel along a straight line （ray） from the location of the source to the observer in the far field. However, when the energy flow pattern of the radiation is resolved with an accuracy better than an optical wavelength, it turns out that the field lines are usually curved. We consider electric dipole radiation, a prime example of which is the radiation emitted by an atom during an electronic transition, and we show that the field lines of energy flow are in general curves. Near the location of the dipole, the field lines exhibit a vortex structure, and in the far field they approach a straight line. The spatial extension of the vortex in the optical near field is of nanoscale dimension. Due to the rotation of the field lines near the source, the asymptotic limit of a field line is not exactly in the radially outward direction and as a consequence, the image in the far field is slightly shifted. This sub-wavelength displacement of the image of the source should be amenable to experimental observation with contemporary nanoscale-precision techniques.     

The Effects of Wettability on Primary Vortex and Secondary Flow in Three-Dimensional Rotating Fluid

The secondary flow driven by the primary vortex in a cylinder,generating the so called "tea leaf paradox",is fundamental for understanding many natural phenomena,industrial applications and scientific researches.In this work,the effect of wettability on the primary vortex and secondary flow is investigated by the three-dimensional multiphase lattice Boltzmann method based on a chemical potential.We find that the surface wettability strongly affects the shape of the primary vortex.With the increase of the contact angle of the cylinder,the sectional plane of the primary vortex gradually changes from a steep valley into a saddle with two raised parts.Because the surface friction is reduced correspondingly,the core of the secondary vortex moves to the centerline of the cylinder and the vortex intensity also increases.The stirring force has stronger effects to enhance the secondary flow and push the vortex up than the surface wettability.Interestingly,a small secondary vortex is discovered near the three-phase contact line when the surface has a moderate wettability,owing to the interaction between the secondary flow and the curved gas/liquid interface.     

Radiative transfer in static and spherically symmetric distording media: from the effective geometry to a kinetic theory

In numerous new media (superfluids, Bose-Einstein condensates, nonlinear dielectrics,…) and multiple settings (accretion flows onto compact objects, optics EIT, stellar collapses, supernovae expanding envelopes, relativistic vortex flow, early Universe…) matter appears to light as an effective curved spacetime. These media that we call ‘distording media’ induce spatial modifications on the phases functions of the electromagnetic fields so that light paths become curved lines. This nonlinear optical behavior gives birth to singular effects (confinement of light, black hole effect…) which confer in the same time a local and a non-local dimension to the radiative transfer. We develop a general phenomenological theory of radiative transfer inside any static and spherically symmetric distorting media. We especially prove that the curvature of the effective spacetime plays a fundamental role in the specific intensity balance.     

贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮的对比研究

本文对贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮进行了三维数值模拟和实验研究。结果表明贯流风机内部偏心涡的位置沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特征,两者偏心涡的圆周位置沿轴向不断变化,而直叶轮偏心涡的径向位置沿轴向的分布几乎没有变化。变斜式叶轮中偏心涡的位置更加靠近叶轮内圆周和风机的蜗舌。采用变斜式叶轮可以降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善音质。为验证本计算方法的可靠性,计算的流量和压力特性曲线和实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好。     

通道涡稳定性及对损失的影响

采用具有TVD性质的三队精度Godunov格式,对均匀加载叶型及后部加载叶型所构成的叶栅在不同弯角下的流场进行了数值模拟。详细研究了叶片弯曲后对通道涡截面拓扑结构的影响。发现叶片正弯后有利于使通道涡在结构上变得稳定;同时也指出;与常规叶片相比,二次流损失较小的后部加载叮型所构成的叶栅内的通道涡在结构上较为稳定。本文进一步分析了通道涡结构的改变对损失的影响;并指出使通道涡在结构上变得稳定的边界条件可能有助于减少二次流损失。     

Horseshoe vortices in inhomogeneous flows

The formation of a horseshoe-shaped vortex from an initial straight cylindrical vortex occurring in the viscous layer of a retarding fluid flow in a channel with a nonuniform cross section is studied experimentally. The spatial bends of the vortex filament and the effect of the ambient fluid pressure first form an arch with supports at the bottom of the channel, then a horseshoe-shaped vortex, and finally a circular vortex with the destruction of the supports.