3β,17-二羟基-16-氨基-5α-雄甾烷四个立体异构体的合成

以表雄酮(1)为原料,由中间体3β-羟基-5α-雄甾-16-烯(3)合成3β,17α-二羟基-16α-氨基-5α-雄甾烷(7)和它的16β-氨基异构体(10a);由中间体3β-羟基-16α-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮(12)合成3β,17β-二羟基-16α-氨基-5α-雄甾烷(21)和它的16β-氨基异构体(15)。上述四个立体异构体均通过化学转化以及波测试谱确证了其构型。     

新颖双核铜配合物[Cu2（C7H（19）N3O）2（C（10）H8N2）]（ClO4）4·H2O的合成、晶体结构及表征

生物体内由金属离子构成的水解酶的活性中心结构和催化机理是生物无机化学领域研究的热点问题。在天然水解酶中,锌离子被认为是结合底物和亲核基的催化活性中心,它可以活化底物的羰基或水分子。而在模拟酶研究中发现,含其它金属离子活性中心的某些有机配合物具有相似于水解酶的催化活性。解永树等研究了含醇羟基和酚羟基链型氮氧杂配体与Cu（Ⅱ）的配合物催化NA酯的水解动力学。1．[二（2-氨基乙基）氨基1．2-丙醇是带羟基臂的重要的有机多胺配体,     

含氨基,羟基吸附剂对胆红素的吸附

本文分别合成了含氨基和羟基的高分子吸附剂，并对它们对胆红素的吸附性能进行了研究。实验表明，经3小时的吸附后，含氨基和含羟基的吸附剂对胆红素的吸附率可达80％以上，对其吸附胆红素的性能和机理进行了探讨。     

亚油酸酰化胰岛素的制备及飞行质谱分析

胰岛素侧链氨基的酰化是胰岛素化学修饰较常用的方法。天然胰岛素分子中有三个裸露的氨基,即G lyA1、PheB1的α-氨基和LysB29的ε-氨基,都可作为胰岛素化学修饰的位点。酰化试剂通常经由N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯对胰岛素进行修饰。N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯可由羧酸与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOS     

交联壳聚糖膜的制备及其性能的研究

用环氧氯丙烷成功地制备出交联壳聚糖膜。用FTIR,XRD和SEM方法表征其结构,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,壳聚糖在低温下只有氨基参与交联反应,反应温度高于40℃时,羟基才发生反应;环氧氯丙烷的交联作用显着提高了壳聚糖膜的抗张强度,并有效地降低了溶菌酶对其降解速率;该交联膜有望用作可控降解的生物医用材料。     

新型2-甲基-5-羟基-7-氨基-吡唑[1,5-a]并嘧啶衍生物的合成

以3-甲基-5-氨基-吡唑和氰乙酸乙酯为原料,合成了2-甲基-5-羟基-7-氨基-吡唑[1,5-a]并嘧啶(2);2与芳胺的重氮盐溶液反应,合成了7个新型的2-甲基-5-羟基-6-芳基偶氮-7-亚氨基-吡唑[1,5-a]并嘧啶衍生物,收率87%~93%,其结构经~1H NMR,IR和ESI-MS表征。     

邻苯二酚双苯醚的合成与抑菌活性研究

以硝基氯苯和羟基二苯醚为底物合成了6个硝基邻苯二酚双苯醚类化合物、6个氨基邻苯二酚双苯醚类化合物和6个羟基邻苯二酚双苯醚类化合物,所有这些新化合物的结构经元素分析、红外光谱、质谱及1H NMR确证.并研究了它们的抑菌活性,初步生物活性测试表明硝基、氨基芳醚类化合物的抑菌或杀菌活性较差,而羟基芳醚类化合物却有强的抑菌能力.     

壳聚糖接枝共聚改性最新研究进展

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子,也是迄今为止唯一发现的阳离子碱性多糖。壳聚糖分子链中富含羟基和氨基等反应性官能团,具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、抗菌性、无细胞毒性等优良性能,在生化、医药、环保、农业等领域有广泛的应用前景。然而,由于其大分子具有较好的立构规整性和较强的氢键作用,除稀盐酸、稀醋酸外,壳聚糖不溶于水和其它有机溶剂,因而限制了它的应用范围。为了扩大其应用领域,常通过接枝共聚反应来改善壳聚糖的性能。本文介绍了壳聚糖接枝共聚改性的最新研究进展,包括自由基引发接枝法、偶联接枝法以及催化接枝法。     

对羟基五蝶烯重氮盐及其置换反应研究

五蝶烯醌经肟化和氢化得到对氨基五蝶烯酚, 对氨基五蝶烯酚在酸性条件下被硝基叔丁烷重氮化, 生成非常稳定的对羟基五蝶烯重氮盐. 对羟基五蝶烯重氮盐经亚铜盐催化的Sandmeyer 反应生成氯代和溴代对羟基五蝶烯, 与碘化钾发生置换反应得到碘代对羟基五蝶烯. 所合成的新化合物均经红外光谱、核磁共振谱以及质谱证明其结构.     

侧链含炔丙基的PLGA-PEG-PLGA三嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

通过简单易行的技术路线合成了炔丙基化乙交酯单体,以1,4-二甲氨基吡啶为催化剂,亲水性和生物相容性良好的聚乙二醇为大分子引发剂,在较滥条件下引发炔丙基化乙交酯和丙交酯的开环共聚,制备了侧链含炔丙基的聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)-聚乙二醇-聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)(PLGA-PEG-PLGA)三嵌段共聚物,并对产物的组成与结构进行了表征.为生物孤犊触乳聚酯的分子修饰、生物相容性的提高探索一条简单而有效的途径     

Losartan Interactions with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-CD

Losartan potassium salt (LSR) is a well-known antihypertensive drug with proven beneficial effects on human health. Its formulation with the non-toxic 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) could improve its pharmacological profile. Thus, its molecular interactions are studied using a combination of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Molecular Dynamics (MD). First, its complexation is shown through Differential Scanning Calorimetry as lyophilization provided distinct thermal properties in comparison to the mixture. The complexation is further proved by utilizing the chemical shift changes in the complexation and T1 values. Furthermore, the reversible favorable complexation was shown by MD calculations. Such physical chemical properties provide evidence that this formulation must be further explored through biological experiments.     

TiN12团簇的合成研究

以高纯氮气为载气,通过532nm的激光轰击由Ti、BN粉末混合压制成的样品,生成了钛氮团簇,确定了最稳定钛氮团簇的组成为TiN12。以四氟化钛和三甲基叠氮硅烷为原料,在液氮冷却下开展了钛氮团簇的化学法合成,对所得产物进行了IR、NMR表征,确定其结构为Ti(N3)4。用密度泛函理论(DFT)对TiN12的结构进行了优化,发现存在一种Ti(N3)4形式的具有对称的正四面体结构的稳定构型,这与化学法合成的TiN12的IR和NMR谱相符。不过,仍需进一步确定激光轰击法和化学合成法产生的TiN12是否具有相似的结构。     

Picking Out Logic Operations in a Naphthalene β-Diketone Derivative by Using Molecular Encapsulation,Controlled Protonation,and DNA Binding

On–off switching and molecular logic in fluorescent molecules are associated with what chemical inputs can do to the structure and dynamics of these molecules. Herein, we report the structure of a naphthalene derivative, the fashion of its binding to β-cyclodextrin and DNA, and the operation of logic possible using protons, cyclodextrin, and DNA as chemical inputs. The compound crystallizes out in a keto-amine form, with intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O bonding. It shows stepwise formation of 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. The aminopentenone substituents are encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, leaving out the naphthalene rings free. The binding constant of the β-cyclodextrin complex is 512 m⁻¹. The pK_a value of the guest molecule is not greatly affected by the complexation. Dual input logic operations, based on various chemical inputs, lead to the possibility of several molecular logic gates, namely NOR, XOR, NAND, and Buffer. Such chemical inputs on the naphthalene derivative are examples of how variable signal outputs based on binding can be derived, which, in turn, are dependent on the size and shape of the molecule.     

人工智能化学：变革研究范式,加速物质发现

化学科学领域的复杂性和海量数据为人工智能应用提供了契机。人工智能、机器学习、深度学习从海量数据中识别新的化合物,建立新的模型,提出新的理论,正在改变化学物质的发现、转化和功能研究范式,促进重大问题的解决。本文综述了近年来国际上人工智能在化学研究中的重要进展,分析了人工智能化学的主要发展态势。人工智能通过助力化学海量数据挖掘、实现化学实验室智能化和自动化、增强计算化学解决实际问题的能力,推动化学跨越式发展。     

Rapid analysis of amino sugars by microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

Microchip electrophoresis for the short-time analysis of amino sugars is described. D-Glucosamine, D-galactosamine and their reduced forms were labeled with 4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 7-fluoride (NBD-F) at pH 6.0 and the fluorescent derivatives were purified on an octadecyl silica (ODS) gel plate. The derivatives were analyzed by electrophoresis on a microfabricated chip with a 33 mm long separation channel with argon laser-induced fluorescence detection. Under the established conditions, these amino sugarderivatives were well separated from each other within 60 s. Amino sugars of as small an amount as 0.5 fmol could be detected with a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3, and peak response showed good linearity between at least 0.8 and 8 fmol of samples with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ca. 4%. This method was also applied to the analysis of amino sugar composition of O-linked glycans released from bovine submaxillary mucin with alkali in the presence of borohydride. The result of amino sugar composition analysis for individual O-glycans fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography was quite useful for their identification.     

Chemical Diversity of Essential Oil of Valeriana jatamansi from Different Altitudes of Himalaya and Distillation Methods

Valeriana jatamansi is an important temperate herb that is used in the pharmaceutical and essential oil industries. In India, this species is now on the verge of extinction due to the over-exploitation of its rhizomes from its natural habitat. It is hypothesized that the variations in bioactive compounds in its essential oil are very high among the wild populations as well as cultivated sources. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the chemical profiling of essential oil of four wild populations (Rupena, Kugti, Garola, and Khani) and two cultivated sources (CSIR-IHBT, Salooni), which were distilled at three consecutive days. The variation in oil concentration in roots/rhizomes was found significant (p ≤ 0.05), and the maximum value (0.35%) was registered with the population collected from Kugti and Khani. In essential oil, irrespective of population and distillation day, patchouli alcohol was the major compound, which ranged from 19 to 63.1%. The maximum value (63.1%) was recorded with the essential oil obtained from Garola’s population and distilled on the first day. The percentage of seychellene was abruptly increased with subsequent days of extraction in all the populations. The multivariate analysis revealed that the essential oil profiles of Rupena, Kugti, Garola, and CSIR-IHBT populations were found to be similar during the first day of distillation. However, during the second day, Rupena, Kugti, Khani, and CSIR-IHBT came under the same ellipse of 0.95% coefficient. The results suggest that the population of Kugti is superior in terms of oil concentration (0.35%), with a higher proportion of patchouli alcohol (63% on the first day). Thus, repeated distillation is recommended for higher recovery of essential oil. Moreover, repeated distillation can be used to attain V. jatamansi essential oil with differential and perhaps targeted definite chemical profile.     

纳米金刚石的表面修饰及应用

纳米金刚石是一种新型的碳纳米粒子,具有硬度高、化学稳定、良好的生物相容性和热传导性等优点,有广阔的应用前景。对于纳米金刚石的应用,大多需要对其进行表面修饰。本文主要结合近年来国内外研究成果,阐述了氢化、羧酸化、羟基化及其他表面修饰等纳米金刚石的表面修饰方法,总结了纳米金刚石在润滑、抛光、生物医学、复合材料等领域的应用。     

Novel approaches for selenium speciation in foodstuffs and biological specimens: A review

Selenium is an essential element for human health. It has been recognized as an antioxidant and chemopreventive agent in cancer. Selenium is known to develop its biological activity via selenocysteine residue in the catalytically active centre of selenoproteins. The main source of selenium in human beings is the diet. However, in several regions of the world the content of selenium in diet has been estimated insufficient for a correct expression of the proteins. The beneficial effects of selenium on human health are strongly dependent on its chemical form and concentration. This review critically evaluated the state-of-the art of selenium speciation in biological matrices mainly focused in nutritional and food products. Besides the number of publications related to selenium speciation, isolation and accurate characterization and quantification of selenium species is still a challenge. Hyphenated techniques based on coupling chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) and its combination with molecular mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, ESI-MS-MS and MALDI-TOF) and isotopic dilution allow identification, quantification and structural characterization of selenium species. Particular attention is paid in the development of Se-enriched food and nutritional products and how the application of the techniques mentioned above is mandatory to get reliable results on selenium metabolisms in these particular matrices.     

Phytochemical Composition,Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Quinoa Extract and Its Fractions

This study is aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions and biological activities of quinoa, a novel and excellent food crop. Quinoa extract and its fractions were prepared by ethanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, including ethanol crude extract, and petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EAF), and n-butanol and water fractions. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities of the extract and fractions were further determined. Based on these foundations, the chemical composition of the EAF fraction exhibiting the strongest functional activity was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed the EAF fraction had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the highest antioxidant activities, as well as the strongest α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, which is even better than the positive control. The phytochemical composition of the EAF fraction indicated that 661 and 243 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, which were classified into superclass, class and subclass levels, respectively. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the major bioactive compounds in the EAF fraction. This study found that quinoa, especially its ethyl acetate fraction, had the potential for the development of natural antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and hypoglycemic agents.