基于串联反应的吡虫啉新合成工艺研究

以2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶(CCMP)、无水乙二胺和硝基胍为原料,运用串联反应方法合成了吡虫啉[化学名:1-(6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)-N-硝基-2-咪唑啉亚胺]。该方法反应中间体无需纯化处理,操作简单,同时解决了活性中间体进一步进行副反应的难题。通过单因素实验,探讨了pH、反应溶剂、温度以及时间等因素对产物收率的影响,得到的优化工艺条件为:以乙腈为溶剂,nCCMP∶n无水乙二胺∶n硝基胍=1∶5∶1,于30℃反应120min,产率可达96.35%。其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR表征。     

2-氨基-4-甲氧基氯代苯甲酸的合成研究

以2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过氯代反应,再分别通过酯水解反应得到化合物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸。其中间体及产物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和ESI-MS确证,并考察了最佳氯代反应条件。结果表明:物料配比为n(2-氨基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯)∶n(NCS)=1∶1. 2,反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,反应时间为16 h,两种氯代产物2-氨基-5-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和2-氨基-3-氯-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯收率分别为47%和39%。     

4-氯-2-甲基吡啶并[3,2-d]嘧啶的合成

吡啶并嘧啶类衍生物具有较好的生物活性,4-氯-2-甲基吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶是一种重要的医药中间体,已报道的合成方法成本较高且操作繁琐,不适合工业化生产.本文以2-氯-3-硝基吡啶为起始原料,经取代、还原、环合等5步反应得到目标化合物,产物结构经1 H NMR,13C NMR和MS确证,总收率为33％.该路线具有成本...     

新型2-吡啶苄基胺类罗丹明基活性小分子探针的合成

以罗丹明B和乙二胺为原料,通过缩合反应制得罗丹明酰乙二胺(1, Rhb);然后以无水THF作溶剂,化合物1与三聚氯嗪发生亲核取代反应,得到罗丹明酰乙二胺-三聚氯嗪化合物(2, Rhbc);最后在氮气氛围下,化合物2与N,N-二甲基吡啶胺反应合成了目标产物双(2 吡啶苄基) 胺罗丹明基小分子探针(3, Rhbd),其结构经¹H NMR、 IR、 HR-MS和元素分析表征。该探针可以识别Fe³⁺,检出限为30 nM。     

6-甲基-5-硝基-3-吡啶硼酸频哪酯合成工艺的改进

以2-氯-3-硝基-5-溴吡啶为起始原料,经取代反应、水解反应、Suzuki偶联反应得到6-甲基-5-硝基-3-吡啶硼酸频哪酯。反应总收率为51%,中间体及目标产物结构由IR和1H-NMR表征。     

一种有效制备2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶及其衍生物的方法

研究了2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶(4)及其衍生物的制备新方法.以廉价易得的2,6-二氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,通过硝化、氨化、硝化反应步骤得到中间体2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶(4),再与氨、叠氮化钠等亲核试剂反应分别得到2-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-6-取代衍生物5~7.研究表明该方法具有原料便宜易得、后处理操作简单和产品纯度高等优点.     

药物中间体4-苄氧基-3-氯苯胺的合成

选用无水碳酸钾做缚酸剂,DMF做溶剂,由4-硝基-2-氯苯酚和氯苄制备4-苄氧基-3-氯硝基苯,进而,4-苄氧基-3-氯硝基苯在催化剂六水合三氯化铁/活性炭,还原剂80%水合肼,溶剂乙醇的作用下得到目标产物,着重考察了反应时间,反应温度,物料物质的量配比对目标产物收率的影响,确定了合成最佳条件为反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,n(4-苄氧基-2-氯硝基苯)∶n(水合肼)=8∶1,在此条件下,目标化合物收率83.6%,两步总收率收率77.8%,产物经过1HNMR和MS确认.     

1-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)哌啶-2-酮的合成及表征

本文报道1-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)哌啶-2-酮(1)的合成。首先,在乙酸催化下,二茂铁甲醛(2)和氨基硫脲(3)反应得到二茂铁亚胺基硫脲衍生物(4)。然后,在三氯化铁作用下,中间体4发生关环反应得到5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-胺(5)。中间体5再与5-溴戊酰氯(6)发生N-酰基化反应得到5-溴-N-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)戊酰胺(7)。最后,在碱性条件下,中间体7发生分子内关环反应得到目标化合物(1)。中间体及产物结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和ESI-MS表征,产物1结构进一步通过X-单晶衍射确证。然后分别考察了中间体5及产物1收率的主要影响因素,确定中间体5合成的适宜条件为：三氯化铁的用量为n(三氯化铁)∶n(中间体4)=4∶1,反应温度80℃,反应时间为15 h,在该条件下,中间体5的收率达到61.9%;确定产物1合成的适宜条件为：反应溶剂为二氧六环,物料比为n(DIEA)∶n(6)∶(5)=3.0∶1.2∶1.0、反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,在该条件下,产物1收率达到68...     

合成3-(2-吡啶氨基)丙酸乙酯的工艺改进

以2-氨基吡啶(2)和丙烯酸乙酯(3)为起始原料,经一步反应合成了凝血酶因子抑制剂达比加群酯的关键中间体3-(2-吡啶氨基)丙酸乙酯,其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS确证.最佳反应条件为:2 120 mmol,n(2)∶n(3) =1.00∶1.08,于100℃回流反应24h,收率79.6％.     

尼达尼布的合成新方法

以N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺作为起始原料,依次经氯乙酰化、取代及氢化还原反应制得关键中间体N-(4-氨基苯基)-甲基-2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)乙酰胺（4）;以4-氯-3-硝基苯甲酸为原料,依次经酯化、取代、氢化还原及环合反应制得6-甲氧羰基-2-吲哚酮（8）; 8与原苯甲酸三乙酯和乙酸酐经“一锅煮”反应制得中间体1-乙酰基-3-甲氧基(苯基)亚甲烯基-2-氧代吲哚环-6-羧酸甲酯（9）; 4和9进行取代反应的同时脱除保护,经“一锅煮”反应合成尼达尼布,总收率57.2%,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)确证。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.