密度泛函理论及光谱对CuCl2溶液中微团簇的研究

利用密度泛函理论和拉曼光谱对氯化铜溶液第一溶剂化层中的微团簇进行了研究。采用B3LYP方法对溶液中可能存在的团簇构型进行优化,从动力学和热力学方面分析得出溶液中团簇结构信息。理论拉曼光谱在100~500 cm~(-1)主要为Cu—O的伸缩振动峰,3400~4000 cm~(-1)范围内为O—H的对称和不对称伸缩振动。实验光谱在200~340 cm~(-1)出现明显新峰,位于2500~4000 cm-1的O—H伸缩振动峰随着溶液浓度的增加,峰的强度逐渐减小,峰形有明显变化。实验光谱和理论光谱验证和比对,表明溶液的实验光谱中产生的新峰为Cu—O振动,CuCl_2水溶液中产生短程离子相互作用及溶剂化现象,且随着溶液浓度的增加,溶剂化数目减小。     

钒硫团簇V2S2^＋,V3S4S^＋的结构和稳定性

用ａｂｉｎｉｔｉｏ分子轨道方法（ＲＨＦ,ＵＨＦ）和密度泛函（ＤＦＴ）方法研究了团簇Ｖ２Ｓ２＾＋、Ｖ３Ｓ４＾＋的各种可能的几何构型和电子结构,所得理论能较好地解释有关实验结果。     

钒硫团簇V2S2+、V3S4+的结构和稳定性

用ab initio分子轨道方法(RHF,UHF)和密度泛函(DFT)方法研究了团簇V2S2+、V3S4+的各种可能的几何构型和电子结构,所得理论计算能较好地解释有关实验结果.     

(SiO2)n团簇的基态能量和结构

应用遗传算法对二氧化硅团簇（SiO2）n（n≤20）的结构进行了优化计算。分析讨论了结构和结合能随团簇尺寸的变化规律,发现（SiO2）n团簇系列不存在明显的幻数,并在n≤20的范围内,不呈现出相应大块物质的结构特征,     

机器学习在团簇研究中的可能应用

团簇的结构-能量关系非常复杂,存在大量的局部能量极小点,寻找全局稳定结构是个很艰巨的任务。对于中大尺寸团簇的计算,采用纯量子力学计算方法将面临非常重的计算负担,而如果采用传统力场的方法则会面临精度不足的困难。近年来崛起的机器学习浪潮,开始渗透到包括化学在内的各个学科领域。基于机器学习的方法,有可能提供一条介乎量子力学与传统力场之间的中间新路线。发展基于机器学习的团簇势能模型,用于寻找中大尺寸团簇的稳定结构,有望为团簇的理论与计算研究提供新思路与新手段。     

第一性原理模拟氢气分子在氧化硅团簇上的吸附

基于密度泛函理论,采用广义梯度近似(GGA)分析了H2分子吸附在氧化硅团簇上的几何结构、电子性质以及吸附能.结果发现:H2分子与Si3O4团簇相互作用时,H2分子被分解,游离的H原子优先吸附在末端Si原子上,表明Si3O4团簇体系对氢气的存储主要依赖于末端存在悬挂键的Si原子,接着H2分子才以分子的形式以较小吸附能吸附在Si3O4H4团簇上.氢气分子主要引起与其邻近的原子电荷的重新分布.该团簇体系的红外、拉曼光谱图有效地鉴定了H2分子的吸附状态,为理论上确定团簇的稳定结构和实验上对观测结果的分析提供有力的途径.     

硅-硫二元团簇[(SiS2)nS]-(n=1～4)的结构和稳定性的量子化学研究

用密度泛函(DFT)方法(B3LYP/6-31+G*)研究了硅硫团簇[(SiS2)nS]-(n=1～4)的可能几何构型,得到各稳定构型的电子结构,并计算了相应的振动频率,预测了稳定构型的振动光谱.由其稳定构型的比较可在理论上预测团簇的生长规律,并可初步预测团簇的形成机理.     

银硫二元团簇[Ag.(Ag2S)n] +(n=1,2)的从头算研究

用ab initio分子轨道限制Hartree-Fock(RHF)和密度泛函(DFT)方法对团簇[Ag     

硅-硫团簇(SiS2)+n(n=1-3)的结构和振动光谱的量子化学研究

用密度泛函（ＤＦＴ）方法研究了硅硫团簇（ＳiＳ２）n＋（n＝１－３）的各种可能的几 何构型和电子结构,并计算了相应的振动光谱,得到（ＳiＳ２）n＋的生长规律,由此预测了（ＳiＳ２）n＋团簇的形成机理。     

钴硫团簇ConSn+-1(n=2,3)的结构和稳定性

用ab initio分子轨道方法(RHF,UHF)和密度泛函(DFT)方法研究了团簇Co2S+,Co3S2+的各种可能的几何构型和电子结构,并计算了相应的较稳定构型的振动光谱,发现Co2S+和Co3S2+团簇最稳定结构均具有C,对称性.对团簇的成键作用机理进行了理论分析.     

First principles calculation of the thermodynamic properties of silicon clusters

The thermodynamic properties of Si clusters are calculated using first principles quantum methods combined with molecular dynamics for simulating the trajectories of clusters. A plane wave basis is used with ab initio pseudo potentials and the local density approximation for determining the electronic energies and forces. Langevin molecular dynamics simulates thermal contact with a constant temperature reservoir. Vibrational spectra, moments of inertia, anharmonic corrections, and free energies are predicted for Si₂ through Si₅. The translational contribution is based on the ideal gas limit. The rotation contribution is approximated using a classical rigid rotator. Vibrational modes are determined from the dynamical matrix in the harmonic approximation. Corrections due to anharmonicity and coupling between rotational and vibrational modes are fit from the molecular dynamics simulations. Received: 17 September 1997 / Accepted: 14 October 1997     

Metabolic variations in seaweed,Sargassum polycystum samples subjected to different drying methods via 1H NMR-based metabolomics and their bioactivity in diverse solvent extracts

Seaweeds are known as excellent sources of unique bioactive metabolites. In the present study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the metabolic variations in Brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum treated under different drying processes. The study also evaluated the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of S. polycystum extracted in different solvents. Mutually under the different drying processes investigated, a total of 12 metabolites were identified from ¹H NMR analysis. Freeze drying emerged as the most efficient process that preserved most of the potentially beneficial metabolites in the samples. The results of the qualitative phytochemical screening of differentially dried S. polycystum extracts revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites. The 70% ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (627 ± 50.81 mg GAE/100 g dried samples) and also displayed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (61.4 ± 0.171%) at the highest concentration (3 mg ml⁻¹) tested. Methanol extract on the other hand contained the highest total antioxidant capacity (121.00 ± 0.003 mmol/g) followed by 70% ethanol extract (120.00 ± 0.001 mmol/g) at concentration of 1.25 mg/mL. The 70% ethanol extract also showed inhibition zone towards all bacteria samples tested compared to others solvent extracts. Based on these results, the identification of metabolites variations using PCA is considered as very useful procedure as a basis to recommend the most efficient processing (drying) method. The potential utilization of the tested Brown seaweed S. polycystum species as a source of antioxidants and antibacterial agents were also highlighted. The commercial cultivation of the species therefore, needs to be encouraged and promoted.     

Pharmacophore identification by molecular modeling and chemometrics: The case of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Summary A methodology based on molecular modeling and chemometrics is applied to identify the geometrical pharmacophore and the stereoelectronic requirements for the activity in a series of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. These inhibitors present two common structural features—a 3,5-dihydroxy heptanoic acid which mimics the active portion of the natural substrate HMG-CoA and a lipophilic region which carries both polar and bulky groups. A total of 432 minimum energy conformations of 11 homologous compounds showing different levels of biological activity are calculated by the molecular mechanics MM2 method. Five atoms are selected as representatives of the relevant fragments of these compounds and three interatomic distances, selected among 10 by means of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are used to describe the three-dimensional disposition of these atoms. A cluster analysis procedure, performed on the whole set of conformations described by these three distances, allows the selection of one cluster whose centroid represents a geometrical model for the HMG-CoA reductase pharmacophore and the conformations included are candidates as binding conformations. To obtain a refinement of the geometrical model and to have a better insight into the requirements for the activity of these inhibitors, the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) distributions are determined by the MNDO semiempirical method.     

Validation of the extended Tanaka column characterization protocol by multivariate analysis of chromatographic retention of low‐molecular‐weight analytes on reversed phase columns using methanol and acetonitrile as organic modifiers

The validity of the extended Tanaka column characterization procedure against the retention behavior of 101 analytes of widely differing properties chromatographed on five differing stationary phase chemistries has been established using a chemometric technique called principal component analysis (PCA). It was concluded that the simple and conveniently determined column characterization parameters covered the same space in the PCA loading plot as the retention times for the 101 differing analytes. This confirms that the ten column characterization parameters of the extended Tanaka protocol encode the same information as the retention times of the 101 analytes. Significant selectivity differences were observed between stationary phases and the mobile‐phase modifiers – MeOH and MeCN. PCA contribution plots served as a convenient way to highlight specific selectivity differences between stationary phases. logD values exhibited a poor correlation with retention indicating that retention in RP‐LC is not solely dictated by the analyte's hydrophobicity. The use of MeOH was found to generate greater selectivity differences with the five stationary phases than when MeCN is used.     

First principles calculations of oxygen reduction reaction at fuel cell cathodes

The efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) depends critically on materials, in particular for the cathode where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs. Typically, mixed conducting perovskite ABO₃-type materials are used for this purpose. The dominating surface terminations are (001) AO and BO₂, with the relative fractions depending on materials composition and ambient conditions.Here, results of recent large-scale first principles (ab initio) calculations for the two alternative polar (La,Sr)O and MnO₂ (001) terminations of (La,Sr)MnO₃ cathode materials are discussed. The surface oxygen vacancy concentration for the (La,Sr)O termination is more than 5 orders of magnitude smaller compared to MnO₂, which leads to drastically decreased estimated ORR rates. Thus, it is predicted for prototypical SOFC cathode materials that the BO₂ termination largely determines the ORR kinetics, although with Sr surface segregation (long-term degradation) its fraction of the total surface area decreases, which slows down cathode kinetics.     

Low-compressibility and hard material carbon nitride imide C2N2(NH): First principles calculations

First principles calculations are performed to investigate the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of C₂N₂(NH). Our calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data and previous theoretical values. Orthorhombic C₂N₂(NH) phase is found to be mechanically stable at an ambient pressure. Based on the calculated bulk modulus and shear modulus of polycrystalline aggregate, C₂N₂(NH) can be regarded as a potential candidate of ultra-incompressible and hard material. Furthermore, the elastic anisotropy and Debye temperatures are also discussed by investigating the elastic constants and moduli. Density of states and electronic localization function analysis show that the strong C-N covalent bond in CN₄ tetrahedron is the main driving force for the high bulk and shear moduli as well as small Poisson's ratio of C₂N₂(NH).     

大鼠肝脏纤维化病变的核磁共振研究

利用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振技术(HR-MAS NMR)以及主成分分析法(PCA)对大鼠肝脏组织纤维化病变前后以及不同程度病变的代谢产物变化进行了研究. 结果表明, 纤维化病变使得肝脏脂肪含量增加; 葡萄糖、糖原、牛磺酸以及肌醇的含量相对减小. 相对磷酸胆碱(PC)而言, 胆碱(Cho)及甘油磷酸胆碱(GPC)降低. 随着正常至纤维化病变程度的加深, 脂肪含量有一个先显著上升, 再缓慢下降的趋势; 而不同程度纤维化病变阶段之间其它代谢产物的变化不明显. 主成分分析证实了上述的结果, 正常与纤维化病变样本中代谢产物的组成存在较大的差异性, 可被明显分为两组; 而各纤维化病变阶段之间的差异不明显.     

顶空固相微萃取-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法分析闽南乌龙茶中的挥发性成分及其在分类中的应用

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析了闽南乌龙茶中的挥发性成分。从48份不同等级和产季的乌龙茶(铁观音、黄金桂、本山、毛蟹和梅占)中获得了2000余种挥发性化合物,经筛选得到51种共有组分,并结合质谱数据库、保留指数与结构谱图等进行了初步鉴定。在此基础上采用主成分分析法(PCA)获得得分投影图,直观给出了不同样品的分类趋势。通过逐步判别获得9种对分类结果有显著影响的组分,并以此为变量通过Fisher判别法(FDA)建立了4个判别函数,对样品的分类准确率达到97.9%。本试验证实了以挥发性成分识别闽南乌龙茶的可行性。     

Variable alignment of high resolution data by cluster analysis

High resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (HR TOF-SIMS) is a powerful surface analytical method. For complex samples, this technique may yield intricate spectra that are difficult to interpret visually. Chemometric methods are useful for data analysis. However, these methods require that spectra are represented in a matrix format. Variances in mass measurements caused by calibration or instrumental effects may present difficulties in properly aligning mass spectral peaks into the correct columns of the data matrix. Cluster analysis of resolution elements is proposed as an alternative approach to construct the data matrix. An automated method for optimizing the data alignment is presented and evaluated for standard steel samples.     

用PCA-LDA对多环芳烃的致癌性进行分类

本文利用主成分提取-线性判别分析(PCA-LDA)模型对多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)的致癌性进行分类,与致癌性有关的多环芳烃的表面积、代谢活性区域中心碳原子的离域能、亲电活性区域中心碳原子的离域能以及分子脱毒区的总数四个参数作为模型的输入,用已知致癌性的67个样本作为训练集建立PCA-LDA模型,对10个预测集样本的致癌性进行预测,结果表明:致癌性按高(h)、低(l)、非(n)分类时预测准确率达100%。