固相萃取高效液相色谱质谱法测定海水中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱分析海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法。海水样品经C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,以甲醇-水为流动相,在Hypersil GOLD色谱柱上分离,电喷雾质谱在选择离子监测模式下分析目标化合物,采用外标法定量。结果表明,4种化合物的平均加标回收率为59.6%～104.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=3)为1.0%～13.5%;仪器检出限为0.08～3 μg/L。将本方法用于大连海岸6个采样点海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测发现,样品中壬基酚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚均有检出,且油港和海港附近海水中的含量较高。     

皮革及纺织品中烷基酚与烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的液相色谱-质谱测定

建立了液相色谱-质谱法测定皮革及纺织品中辛基酚(OP)、壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OPEO)及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO)的分析方法。样品经超声波振荡萃取,C18反相色谱柱进行分离,甲醇-水为流动相,离子源为ESI。OP和NP采用负离子模式,定量离子分别为m/z205、219;OPEO和NPEO采用正离子模式,定量离子分别为m/z229+44nEO和m/z243+44nEO(nEO=3~16)。在优化实验条件下,方法的定量下限为0.25~2.5 mg/kg,样品加标回收率为92%~107%,相对标准偏差为5.3%~9.5%(50 mg/kg,n=6)。方法简单、快速、灵敏度高,可满足欧盟等地区对皮革及纺织品中OP、NP、OPEO、NPEO的测定要求。     

内墙涂料中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的高效液相色谱-质谱测定

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS)测定内墙涂料中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)含量的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm),以5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,柱温35℃,流速0.3 m L·min-1,进样量5μL。质谱采用选择离子(SIM)方式进行检测,电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式,基质匹配标准溶液定量,以A和B两种内墙涂料为代表进行加标回收实验。结果表明,辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OPEO)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO)在0.1~5.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r0.99),回收率为83.8%~114.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~9.8%,定量下限为4.0~5.5 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、耗时短、有机试剂用量少、灵敏度高、稳定性好,应用于日常检测可大大降低检测成本,缩短检测周期,具有实际应用价值。     

凝胶过滤色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了纺织品中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的凝胶过滤色谱-串联质谱(GFC-MS/MS)分析方法。纺织品样品采用加速溶剂萃取法,以无水乙醇为提取溶剂进行提取,提取液经Sep-Pak Carbon/NH2石墨化碳黑/氨基复合型固相萃取柱净化。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚经Shodex MSpak GF-310 2D色谱柱(150×2.0 mm)分离后,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行串联质谱定性及定量分析。方法对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OPnEO)的定量限均为0.2 mg/kg,在0.2～5 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内,NPnEO的平均回收率为84.2%～93.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%～7.5%;OPnEO的平均回收率为85.5%～96.1%,RSD为3.4%～8.1%。该方法能够满足纺织品中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测要求。     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-硅胶吸附色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定纺织品中的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了测定纺织品中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的硅胶吸附色谱-电喷雾质谱分析方法.不同类型的纺织品样品采用加速溶剂萃取法,以无水乙醇为提取溶剂,在10.3 MPa和100 ℃下静态循环提取2次,提取液经Sep-Pak Carbon/NH2石墨化碳黑/氨基复合型固相萃取柱净化,以Waters Spherisorb S3W(150 mm×2.0 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈-水体系为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾质谱正离子模式下进行定性及定量分析.壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法检出限为10～40 μg/kg,在1～20 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为81.4%～95.9%,相对标准偏差均小于12.5%.辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法检出限为10～30 μg/kg,在1～20 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为80.2%～96.8%, 相对标准偏差均小于13.0%.本方法准确、简便、快速,可用于纺织品的实际检验工作.     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中烷基酚物质迁移量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚迁移量的方法。样品经蒸馏水、3%乙酸溶液、10%乙醇溶液、20%乙醇溶液、50%乙醇溶液和异辛烷6种食品模拟物浸泡处理,浸泡液经C18色谱柱分离,以多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量。检测结果表明:在水基、酸性、酒精类食品模拟物中,双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的质量浓度均在0.001~0.50μg/mL范围内与其质谱响应值具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9995,方法检出限为0.01~0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.03~0.83μg/kg;在油基食品模拟物中,双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的线性范围均为0.01~0.50μg/mL,相关系数均不小于0.9989,方法检出限为0.10~2.50μg/kg,定量限为0.33~8.32μg/kg。双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的加标回收率为87.2%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.4%(n=6)。该法样品处理步骤简单,准确度高,灵敏度好,可用于食品接触材料中烷基酚类化合物的检测。     

固相萃取净化-正相高效液相色谱测定纺织品中残留的烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了测定纺织品中烷基酚(AP)和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APnEO)(n2～16)的正相高效液相色谱法。以甲醇为提取溶剂,用索氏抽提法提取纺织品中的AP和APnEO,用正相高效液相色谱法测定,并对提取溶剂、提取方式和净化条件等前处理条件进行优化。该方法的检出限为1.0 mg/kg,回收率为90.4%～104.1%,相对标准偏差为0.64%～4.21%。采用该方法对多种基质纺织品进行检测,可满足残留检测要求。     

柱前衍生-气相色谱/质谱-选择离子法测定纺织品中烷基酚的方法研究

建立了纺织品中壬基酚和辛基酚的提取与含量测定方法.纺织品样品经以CH2Cl2为萃取液的超声提取、衍生化后,采用气相色谱/质谱-选择离子定量分析方法,对4-壬基酚同分异构体总量和4-n-辛基酚进行了定量检测.通过实验对前处理条件、衍生化条件、色谱条件、选择离子等作了优化.该方法的加标回收率为80.73%～99.78%,相对标准偏差小于5%.方法适用于纺织品中烷基酚的含量分析.     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中3种烷基酚

应用搅拌棒吸附萃取富集及热解吸进样与气相色谱-质谱相结合测定了水样中3种烷基酚(即正辛基酚、叔辛基酚和正壬基酚)的含量。将水样预先用盐酸调节其酸度至pH 3,分取10.00mL置于顶空瓶中,放入搅拌棒进行吸附萃取。取出搅拌棒,置于热脱附管上解吸并通过程序升温进样系统进样,用DB-5MS柱进行色谱分离。质谱分析条件:电子轰击正离子源,全扫描模式(定性分析)和选择离子扫描模式(定量分析)。3种烷基酚的质量浓度均在5~200ng·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在1.2~2.5ng·L-1之间。以实际水样为基体进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在95.0%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.90%~10%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法分析动物组织中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A

建立了测定内分泌干扰物质烷基酚、双酚A的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(负离子模式)分析方法,优化了样品前处理方法。以二氯甲烷作提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取动物组织样品,萃取液用500 mg OASIS氨基固相萃取柱进行浓缩净化。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化效率进行了考察,测得3种化合物在高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为88%~101%,相对标准偏差小于15%;双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法检出限分别为0.3, 0.05和0.1 μg/kg。对从北京市场上采集的27份动物组织样品进行检测,结果表明壬基酚广泛存在于各种动物源性食品中,检出含量为0.49~55.98 μg/kg,其中鱼肉组织中都检出壬基酚,而且其含量也较高(9.13~55.98 μg/kg)。     

Determination of free and ethoxylated alkylphenols in leather with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An analytical approach was developed to determine nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO(n)) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO(n)) in leather samples involving the conversion of NPEO(n) and OPEO(n) into the corresponding NP and OP. The four targets were extracted from samples using ultrasonic-assisted acetonitrile extraction. NP and OP in the extracts were directly isolated with hexane and quantitatively determined with 4-n-nonylphenol as internal standard by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For NPEO(n) and OPEO(n) in the extracts, they were first converted into NP and OP with aluminum triiodide as cleavage agent, and the yielded NP and OP were determined by GC-MS. The contents of NPEO(n) and OPEO(n) were calculated by normalizing to NPEO(9) and OPEO(9), respectively. This method was properly validated and the real sample tests revealed the pollution significance of leather by NPEO(n) and OPEO(n).     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of endocrine disrupters nonylphenol and its ethoxylated derivates from environmental solids

Nonylphenol isomers (NP), linear nonylphenol (4-n-NP) and NP short chain ethoxylated derivates (NPEO1 and NPEO2) are degradation products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates, a worldwide used group of surfactants. All of them are considered endocrine disrupters due to their ability to mimic natural estrogens. In this paper, the preparation and evaluation of several 4-n-NP molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the selective extraction and clean-up of 4-n-NP, NP, NPEO1 and NPEO2 from complex environmental solid samples is described. Among the different combinations tested, a methacrylic acid-based imprinted polymer prepared in toluene provided the better performance for molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE). Under optimum MISPE conditions, the polymer was able to selectively retain not only linear NP but also the endocrine disruptors NPEO1, NPEO2 and NP with recoveries ranging from 60 to 100%, depending upon the analyte. The developed MISPE procedure was successfully used for the determination of 4-n-NP, NP, NPEO1 and NPEO2 in sediments and sludge samples at concentration levels according to data reported in the literature for incurred samples. Finally, various sludge samples collected at five different sewage treatment plants from Madrid and commercial sludge for agriculture purposes were analysed. The measured concentrations of the different compounds varied from 3.7 to 107.5 mg/kg depending upon the analyte and the sample.     

Determination of phenolic xenoestrogens in environmental samples by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

A method is proposed for the determination of several phenolic xenoestrogens in aqueous and solid environmental samples. The method uses solid-phase extraction (preceded by ultrasonic solvent extraction for solid samples), reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometric detection using both atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization. This method was developed to support several studies undertaken to obtain aquatic and sedimentary data for rivers and seashores in Spain that are likely to be contaminated by endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as a consequence of wastewater discharge. Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs), nonylphenoxy carboxylates (NPECs), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were determined in various samples of surface water and sediment, collected at different locations upstream and downstream from outfalls of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Seawater and marine sediments were collected in different harbor areas in Spain. Additionally, WWTP influent and effluents were analyzed to monitor the occurrence and transformation of phenolic EDCs during physicochemical and biological treatment. Rather high concentrations of the compounds investigated were found in some samples. Concentrations of NP were < or = 590 microg/kg in sediments and < or = 15 microg/L in water samples. NPEOs and NPECs were found in water samples in concentrations < or = 41 and < or = 35 microg/L, respectively. In solid samples (river sediment), concentrations of NPEO were < or = 818 microg/kg and those of NP1EC were 95 microg/kg.     

Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A novel and simple method for the determination of active endocrine disrupter compounds (octylphenol OP, and nonylphenol NP) in paper using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. Parameters affecting the efficiency in the MAE process such as exposure time and extraction solvent were studied in order to determine operating conditions. The optimised method was linear over the range studied (1.25-125 microg kg(-1) for OP and 9.50-950 microg kg(-1) for NP) and showed good level of precision, with a RSD lower than 10% and detection limits at 0.10 and 4.56 microg kg(-1) for OP and NP, respectively. The results obtained from six different types of paper revealed the presence of the target compounds in all samples analysed, at levels ranging between 3 and 211 microg kg(-1).     

基于氨基柱的反相/正相液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定纺织品中的二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵

建立了纺织品中二硬酯基二甲基氯化铵(DSDMAC)的反相(RP)/正相(NP)液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)的分析方法。选用甲醇为提取溶剂,确定了超声功率为420 W、提取温度为70 ℃的超声波辅助提取条件,实现了30 min快速提取样品中的DSDMAC。建立了基于氨基柱的反相和正相两套液相色谱分离系统,采用LC-MS/MS的选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测3个DSDMAC组分。结果显示: RPLC和NPLC对DSDMAC的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.1 mg/kg和0.01 mg/kg。采用RPLC-MS/MS为定量方法,对8种不同的空白纤维纺织品的添加回收率为85.5%～103%(n=5);平行测试的相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.18%～12.8%(n=5)。5家外部实验室分别采用上述方法对2种参考样品中的DSDMAC进行检测,实验室间测定的RSD分别为7.3%和9.4%。该方法快速、准确、稳定,适用于纺织品中DSDMAC的检测。     

Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4-octylphenol in human blood samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with multi-electrode electrochemical coulometric-array detection

Alkylphenols can affect human health because they disrupt the endocrine system. In this study, an analytical method for determining trace amounts of 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP) in human blood samples was developed. Reversed-phase HPLC with multi-electrode electrochemical coulometric-array detection was used for the determination of NP and OP in plasma and serum samples prepared with a solid-phase extraction method. The separation was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase of 0.7% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile with a C18 reversed phase column. The detection limits of NP and OP were 1.0 and 0.5 ng ml-1, respectively. The recoveries of NP and OP added to human plasma samples were above 70.0% with a relative standard deviation of less than 15.5%. The method was found to be applicable to the determination of NP and OP in various human blood samples such as serum and plasma.     

水果蔬菜中多种杀菌剂的基质固相分散液相色谱测定方法研究

采用基质固相分散(MSPD)代替液液分配和固相萃取,从蔬菜水果中提取、净化10种常用杀菌剂农药残留,用C18硅胶交联剂作为固相吸附剂,乙酸乙酯作为洗脱液,用HPLC/PDA和LC-MS进行分析检测。10种杀菌剂在0.5~5 mg/kg含量的添加回收率在65%~110%之间,相对标准偏差小于10%,使用HPLC、PDA和LC-MS的检出限分别在0.02~0.2 mg/kg和0.002~0.01 mg/kg之间。该方法节省溶剂,提取和净化一步完成,适用于新鲜水果和蔬菜中10种杀菌剂的残留分析。     

Determination of chlormequat and mepiquat in pear,tomato, and wheat flour using on-line solid-phase extraction (Prospekt) coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A new methodology based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by LC-MS is presented for the simultaneous and unequivocal determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and their degradation products, alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenoxy carboxylates (APECs), in sediment samples. The protocol, applicable to a full range of APEO oligomers and degradation products, permits the sensitive and selective determination of APEOs (nEO = 1-15), APECs (nEO = 0-1) and APs at low ppb levels (LODs = 1-5 microg/kg) in sediment samples. Optimization of the operational parameters of PLE clearly demonstrates that significant thermal losses of APs occur during extraction at elevated temperatures. The loss of octylphenol (OP) at 100 degrees C was 61.2% and of nonylphenol (NP) 40.0%, whereas other compounds were completely recovered. Thus, to avoid losses due to the volatility of alkylphenols, a low extraction temperature should be applied. The conditions that gave the best results for all target compounds were as follows: extraction solvent mixture, methanol-acetone (1:1, v/v); temperature, 50 degrees C; pressure, 1500 p.s.i.; two static cycles. Using PLE and a subsequent clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), the simultaneous extraction of APEOs, APs and APECs from sediment samples was achieved yielding recoveries >70% and producing low MS background noise. The developed methodology was applied on a routine basis to the analysis of alkylphenolic compounds in sediment samples. APEOs and their persistent degradation products were detected in significant concentrations in sediments from Portuguese rivers, especially at sites situated in the proximity of industrial plants (mainly the textile industry). The total concentration of alkylphenolic compounds (APEOs+APs+APECs) ranged from 155 to 2400 microg/kg. Of all the alkylphenolic compounds, NP comprised 40 to 50% with concentrations up to 1172 microg/kg.