工作点测量系统在合肥光源的应用研究

 介绍了利用合肥光源(HLS)的工作点测量系统进行一些束流参数的测量及其应用研究，这些参数包括工作点、β函数；自然色品以及中心频率。同时还进行了清洗电极对工作点的影响的测量。给出了一些测量结果，测量结果与理论计算值相当吻合。     

工作点测量系统在合肥光源的应用研究

介绍了利用合肥光源(HLS)的工作点测量系统进行一些束流参数的测量及其应用研究,这些参数包括工作点、β函数;自然色品以及中心频率。同时还进行了清洗电极对工作点的影响的测量。给出了一些测量结果,测量结果与理论计算值相当吻合。     

Static and time dependent fields at nonmagnetic impurities in ferromagnetic samples

Several techniques are used for the measurement of hf-interactions. One of them, the PAC-method, gives the value of the effective field acting on a decaying nucleus, assuming a static force. Using the Master Equation, this paper shows if that there exists in addition a strong fluctuating field, the angular correlation is wiped out.     

Antimatter gravity studies with interferometry

There has never been a direct measurement of the gravitational force on antimatter. This paper describes a possible measurement of this force by measuring the phase shift of neutral antimatter in a transmission-grating interferometer caused by the Earth’s gravitational field. This experiment avoids the severe problem of shielding stray electromagnetic fields necessary for making a gravity measurement with charged particles, and also avoids the need to trap neutral particles. The neutral antimatter for this experiment could be either antihydrogen, positronium, or antineutrons. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A proposed method for generating and receiving narrow beams of ultrasound in the Fast Reactor liquid sodium environment

In the liquid sodium coolant of the Fast Reactor there are several measurements which may be performed using ultrasonic techniques. This paper gives a brief outline of one such measurement and then describes the design of an ultrasonic waveguide for the generation and detection of ultrasound in this hostile situation. The successful laboratory tests of the device are also reported.     

Stationary test method for noise from a single road vehicle

Legislation in several countries restricting noise emitted by individual road vehicles recommends the use of international standard ISO R362, or something very similar, as a standard. This is a pass-by test with strict conditions laid down regarding the test site, weather conditions, and so on. As such it is not well suited for simple routine and quick roadside enforcement of vehicle noise. This paper describes some initial work aimed at clarifying and resolving a number of the difficulties commonly encountered with stationary tests and describes a procedure which gives good correlation with the ISO pass-by test and may lead to a test which could be used for routine service check and roadside enforcement.     

A corona-type point source for model studies in acoustics

This paper describes a corona-type point source suitable for acoustic measurement purposes, especially model studies in acoustics. This source operates within a wide frequency range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz. The characteristics of this sound source were investigated and were found to be very close to those of a theoretical point source. It also gives a satisfactory sound power level.     

真空紫外双等离子体光源的研究

本文描述我们研制的真空紫外双等离子体光源的设计、结构及工作原理,讨论真空紫外性能测试,给出光源的真空紫外辐射特性测试结果。     

A novel technique of laser measurement for the surface roughness

This paper describes a non-contact system for the surface roughness measurement without damage. It is suitable for various materials.     

A convolution approximation for Van Hove correlation function in liquids

The relative motions of particles in a simple liquid may be described as one-dimensional radial diffusion in an effective potential of the mean force. This effective potential may be obtained by an iteration procedure with the Vineyard approximation as the initial step. Using a harmonic approximation for the potential, the “distinct” part of the Van Hove time-dependent correlation function is then the convolution of a modified radial distribution function with a modified self-correlation function. The former describes the average positions of particles whereas the latter describes the density profile around the average position. For liquid argon, this modified convolution procedure appears to give results in satisfactory agreement with molecular dynamics.     

On weak and strong convergence to equilibrium for solutions to the linear Boltzmann equation

This paper considers the linear space-inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation for a distribution function in a bounded domain with general boundary conditions together with an external potential force. The paper gives results on strong convergence to equilibrium, whent, for general initial data; first in the cutoff case, and then for infinite-range collision forces. The proofs are based on the properties of translation continuity and weak convergence to equilibrium. To handle these problems generalH-theorems (concerning monotonicity in time of convex entropy functionals) are presented. Furthermore, the paper gives general results on collision invariants, i.e., on functions satisfying detailed balance relations in a binary collision.     

多光谱真温快速反演方法

材料的未知发射率是辐射测温的一大障碍,它导致了无法依靠单组测量数据获得材料的真实温度,人们只能通过假定材料发射率模型来计算出材料的亮度温度等非真实温度.基于这样的背景,Gardner J等科学家们提出了多光谱测温法并不断完善其理论,如今多光谱测温广泛应用于高温和超高温测量、高温目标的热性能测量、真实温度动态测量等.20...     

A model for quantum jumps in magnetic resonance force microscopy

We propose a simple model which describes the statistical properties of quantum jumps in a single-spin measurement using the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals technique in magnetic resonance force microscopy. Our computer simulations based on this model predict the average time interval between two consecutive quantum jumps and the correlation time to be proportional to the characteristic time of the magnetic noise and inversely proportional to the square of the magnetic noise amplitude.     

Statistical approach to the measurement of velocity field

Present paper describes the principle and applications of a velocity measurement using statistical analysis of visualized flow images. The authors have developed a new algorithm for the measurement using the passing probability of a particle. It is known that this kind methods gives the total flow speed at each pixel unit. In this study, the method is extended by forming the governing equation using the Lagrange’s differentiation. The process is similar to the so-called spatio-temporal derivative method. The extension of the equation enables to measure the velocity components with the help of the statistical technique. The idea is based on the fact that the temporal derivative of luminance function is proportional to the vector product of the flow velocity and the gradient of luminance function in space which gives the velocity component normal to the edge of particle image. This is easy to apply on the three-dimensional flow field.     

Frequency average loss factors of plates and shells

This paper describes a thorough investigation of the measurement of frequency band average loss factors of structural components for use in the statistical energy analysis (SEA) method of computation of vibration levels. The “traditional” method of measurement is to excite the structure by a random force having a flat spectral density in the frequency band of interest. The force is then cut off and the decay of the modes excited in the band is noted. The average loss factor is deduced from the decay curve. The alternative energy method is the subject of this study. In this test the power input from the band limited random force is measured and the spatial average vibration level of the structure is estimated from several surface accelerometers. It is shown that when the modes in the band have similar loss factors (as is usually the case) the energy method gives a result which is very close to that obtained from the decay method. These in turn are close to the arithmetic average of the loss factors of the individual modes in the band. It is shown that only when the band contains one or two very lightly damped modes amongst several more heavily damped modes is there a difference between the two methods. In this case it is better to use the energy result in the SEA calculations.     

Measurement of mechanical input power with an application to wall structures

This paper describes a simple method for measuring mechanical input power to a structure by direct analogue multiplication and integration of force and velocity signals. The influence of phase errors is controlled through measurement of both the real and the imaginary power components. The method is applied to some measurements on partition walls and agreement is obtained between input power and dissipated power computed from velocity and loss factor measurement on the wall surfaces.It is argued that the method is also applicable for a steady state measurement of the loss factor and, furthermore, that the power conversion efficiency, ζ, the ratio between the radiated sound power and input power, is a most relevant factor for characterising the radiation properties of mechanically excited partition walls.     

超冷中性等离子体的研究进展

超冷中性等离子体的产生对传统等离子体物理研究具有重要意义.文章介绍了超冷中性等离子体的研究进展,主要包括：超冷中性等离子体产生的物理机制和测量方法,超冷中性等离子体的扩散以及在扩散过程中里德伯原子的形成、电子温度的演化和各种加热冷却机制对扩散过程的影响,并对相关的理论模型作了概述.     

Energy spectra of electrons reflected from layered targets

Here we consider backscattering of electrons with an initial energy from 10 keV to several MeV by plane-parallel sandwich targets. Using invariance principles, we obtain a formula describing the changes in the energy spectra of electrons reflected into a given solid angle. These changes occur with increasing thickness of films of different materials on substrates of finite and infinite thickness. We present methods for calculating the reflection and transmission function used in the above calculation. Repeating this method for each layer gives the spectra of electrons backscattered by multilayer targets. Comparison with experimental data shows that the theory developed adequately describes the process of electron backscattering. Our results indicate that the spectroscopy of nonelastically reflected electrons could be very useful forin situ nondestructive express analysis of depth profiles of multicomponent materials.     

The physics of magnetoelectric composites

This paper gives an overview about the basic ideas of magnetoelectric materials. Up to now single-phase materials show the magnetoelectric effect only below room temperature. Mixing a magnetostrictive with a piezoelectric component is a way to overcome this limitation. This delivers a composite which can exhibit a magnetoelectric effect even at room temperature and higher. Possible candidates for these composites (piezoelectric as well as magnetostrictive) are shown, examples from literature and own results are given. The most important coupling mechanism (magnetization, magnetostriction, local stress, charge) between the magnetostrictive and the piezoelectric phase are discussed. Hints for a direct coupling between the electric polarization and the magnetization are also presented. Different measurement methods for determining the magnetoelectric coefficient are discussed. Representative results as obtained on a technical useful composite between 50% Co-Ferrite+50% BaTiO₃ are given. The behavior of a simple “mixed” structure with that of a “core-shell” structure is compared. The later gives a 20-times larger magnetoelectric coefficient.     

利用Rayleigh表面波无损检测热套圆盘的平面残余应力的研究

介绍一种利用Rayleigh表面波无损检测平面残余应力的方法,和为了实现这个方法而研制的Rayleigh表面波残余应力测量装置。同时,还介绍了采用这种方法对热套圆盘预制的平面残余应力场所进行的Rayleigh表面波实验残余应力分析。实验表明,测量结果与理论计算十分吻合。