用于X波段模块化相对论速调管放大器在线测量的紧凑型定向耦合器设计

为实现模块化相对论速调管放大器功率、频率和相位的在线测量,对紧凑型高定向性高带宽的定向耦合器进行了仿真和实验研究。利用小孔耦合理论和相位叠加原理进行理论分析,设计了一种双孔紧凑型定向耦合器,在此基础上采用主、副波导正交连接,耦合孔沿轴向和角向二维分布的方法,进一步缩短了耦合器的长度。通过电磁仿真对耦合器各参数进行优化,模拟结果表明：当中心频率为10 GHz时,普通双孔定向耦合器对TM01模式的耦合度为-60.68 dB,在250 MHz的带宽内定向性大于20 dB,此时耦合区长度为3.49 cm。改进型定向耦合器对TM01模式的耦合度为-58.1 dB,在300 MHz的带宽内定向性大于20 dB,此时耦合区长度仅为1.8 cm（约0.6λ）。耦合器的冷腔实验测量结果与仿真结果符合较好。     

Mode-selective coupler for wavelength multiplexing using LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>:Ti optical waveguides

A mode-selective directional coupler based on titanium in-diffused channel waveguides in lithium niobate is investigated. This coupler may be utilized as a key part of an add-drop multiplexer for dense wavelength division multiplexing in optical network nodes. The proposed coupler is based on evanescent coupling of the fundamental mode of a single-mode channel to the first higher mode of a parallel bi-modal waveguide. Our experimental results show that a compact directional coupler with coupling efficiencies larger than 90%, large bandwidth around 1550 nm, and with negligible polarization dependence can be realized using electro-optic lithium niobate substrates. Presented at 9-th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics Applications, NOA 2007, May 17–20, 2007, Świnoujście, Poland     

多波导定向耦合器耦合特性

利用拉普拉斯变换,将多波导定向耦合器的耦合模方程组变换为三对角线性方程组,并采用追赶法求出了该方程组的通解;进一步,给定初始条件,进行拉普拉斯变换反演,即可严格地求出该耦合模方程组的解。采用该方法研究了5波导定向耦合器光从一个波导入射和等光强从5个波导入射时的耦合特性,求出了耦合模方程组解的解析表达式,给出了每个波导中光功率变化规律曲线。利用该方法,可很方便地求出任意有限数目波导组成的定向耦合器在任意入射条件下耦合模方程组的解,因此对于多波导定向耦合器结构的合理设计,具有非常重要的意义。     

双枝节加载的L波段宽带高隔离度定向耦合器

提出了一种小型化双枝节加载的L波段微带线定向耦合器。使用功率相消技术提高定向耦合器的隔离度,并且采用两根长度不同的加载枝节分别在两个相近的频点上反射信号,从而实现耦合器的带宽扩展;同时采用缺陷地结构的慢波特性减小该定向耦合器的物理尺寸,并利用缺陷地结构产生的陷波,合并上述两根枝节反射抵消产生的的两个陷波,进一步提高定向耦合器的带宽和隔离度。该耦合器工作在L波段,耦合度约为10 dB,在整个L波段内的隔离度均优于?20 dB,最大约为?52.81 dB,相对带宽为60%。最后对设计的定向耦合器进行加工和测试,测试与仿真结果一致性较好,证明了该电路的可行性。     

圆波导定向耦合器在高功率微波测量中的应用

介绍了大功率容量定向耦合器的设计、标定、测试与应用情况。以X波段圆波导定向耦合器为例,在9.2~10.2 GHz的频带范围内,基于小孔耦合理论优化设计的结构,其耦合度可以稳定在(55±2)dB以内,隔离度大于80 dB。在此基础上,设计加工了X波段圆波导定向耦合器并进行了标定测试,测试与仿真结果吻合较好,高功率微波实验证实了其具有较高功率容量,能够满足实验需求。该类圆波导定向耦合器已广泛应用于实验室高功率微波源的在线测量装置中。     

太赫兹双空芯光纤定向耦合器

设计了一种低损耗太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器.采用全矢量有限元法对光纤的耦合特性、损耗和色散进行了理论分析.结果表明,这种光纤定向耦合器在1.55-1.80 THz范围内耦合长度小于1.8 cm,能够实现0.07THz范围内窄带耦合,且其损耗系数低于0.02 cm-1.这种耦合器将在太赫兹窄带滤波、波分复用、开关和偏振分离等技术中有潜在应用价值.     

L波段小型化同轴-共面波导定向耦合器

设计了一种适用于L波段高功率微波辐射场测量的同轴型定向耦合器。分别选择同轴线和金属底板共面波导（CBCPW）作为主副传输线,减小定向耦合器横截面积;利用小孔耦合理论和微元法对耦合结构进行理论分析,选择连续渐变的菱形耦合缝隙,缩短定向耦合器长度;采用数值模拟的方法对耦合器结构进行优化,并对其性能参数进行实验测试,结果表明, 在1~2 GHz频带范围内耦合度约为47 dB,方向性大于17 dB。     

Analysis of Coupling and Radiation Properties for an Improved Dielectric Waveguide Directional Coupler Utilizing a Tapering Left-Handed Slab Core

The coupling and radiation characteristics of an improved dielectric waveguide directional coupler with a tapering left-handed slab core located in the coupling region are analyzed by the staircase approximation method, which combines the building block approach and multi-mode network theory with a rigorous mode-matching procedure. Particular attentions are directed toward the radiation characteristics under different structural parameters of the coupler. Numerical results indicate that the proposed coupler is very promising by shortening the coupling length significantly while keeping the radiation loss at a low level.     

BPM Simulation and Comparison of 1 × 2 Directional Waveguide Coupling and Y-Junction Coupling Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Couplers

For developing large area opto-electronic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, the optical coupler is a basic key device. In this article, the authors design and simulate 1 2 2 directional waveguide coupling and Y-branch coupling optical couplers based on Unibond SOI rib waveguides. The beam propagation method (BPM) is used for light propagation analysis. The simulation results and comparisons of the two kinds of optical couplers are reported. The S-bend waveguide for attaching to the two kinds of SOI optical coupler is also analyzed by BPM. We find that the directional coupler has lower power loss, but the Y-junction coupler is more wavelength insensitive with the same device size and splitting angle. The fabrication tolerance analysis shows Y-junction coupler has better fabrication characteristics.     

太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器

提出了一种低损耗、宽频段太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器,光纤的包层由亚波长尺度呈三角晶格排列的空气孔组成, 两个纤芯分别由去掉7个空气孔构成.利用全矢量有限元法对光纤的色散、耦合特性以及损耗特性进行了理论分析. 研究表明,这种耦合器的损耗系数小于0.021 cm^-1,更重要的是可以实现0.14 THz范围内的宽频定向耦合. 这种定向耦合器在太赫兹通信系统中滤波、波分复用、偏振分离和开关等技术中有潜在的应用价值.     

基于混合左右手和人工传输线的平面双定向耦合器

利用人工传输线作为右手传输线,与混合左右手传输线(CRLH-TL)进行耦合,实现左手传输线和右手传输线的混合耦合,构造了一种新型的定向耦合器。该耦合器具有后向耦合、小型化、结构紧凑的特点。实验测试结果表明:耦合器的工作频率在1.3~1.8 GHz,相对百分比带宽达到32%,实现了10 dB的耦合度,比常规微带线定向耦合器具有更大的耦合度调节范围,隔离度大于25 dB。实验测试结果与电磁仿真结果相吻合。     

All-optical Steerable Directional Coupler Using Kerr Dark Spatial Soliton Waveguides

1.IntroductionOpticalspatialsolitoninduced-waveguidesareofgreatresearchinterestrecently[1-8]becauseoftheirPOtentialapplicationinopticalcommunicationsandopticalcompution.Asoliton--inducedwaveguidecanguidelightinself--focusingorself--defocusingKerr-typemediabecausethesolitonbeaminducesarefractive-indexprofileequivalenttoanordinarydielectricwaveguide.Soliton-inducedwaveguidecansupPOrtmanymodesofaprobebeampropagatingcoaxiallyalongthesolitonwaveguideSoliton-inducedwaveguideshaveadvantageovertheir…     

Nanoplasmonic directional couplers and Mach–Zehnder interferometers

We present a novel design and analysis of two nano-scale plasmonic devices: a directional coupler and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The designs of the two devices are based on our recent work on the air-gap coupler that resulted in high coupling efficiency between a dielectric waveguide and a plasmonic waveguide. The two devices are embedded between two dielectric waveguides and operate at optical telecom wavelengths. The overall efficiency was 37% for a 2×2 directional coupler switch and above 50% for the proposed designs for a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. The efficiency in the proposed devices can be increased using broader plasmonic waveguides.     

On the radiation mode effects in integrated optical directional couplers

In this work we study the effect of radiation modes generated at the input of a directional coupler on its performance. We focus on the splitting ratio and the coupling length of the coupler. The Beam Propagation Method (BPM) is used for numerical simulation. Numerical results are compared to analytical expectations of the coupled mode theory (CMT). We show that, when the coupler is excited by a single mode fibre, ideal 3 dB couplers could be obtained by a simple adjustment of the exciting fibre. On the other hand, when the coupler has input and output bend structures, its coupling length as well as its splitting ratio are affected by the geometry of this bend.     

跑道型结构光子晶体波导定向耦合器

鉴于波导定向耦合器在集成光路以及光电集成方面的广泛应用,提出了一种基于光子晶体波导间高效耦合的光子晶体定向耦合器。通过主波导和耦合波导间的耦合,可以实现对波长为1 490 nm和1 550 nm电磁波的高效分光。在将器件长度控制在30 μm左右的同时,其总效率高达93.05%。另外,发现主波导和耦合波导间介质柱结构参数对电磁波的耦合周期有着极大的影响。并通过将介质柱沿z方向拉伸0.1a(a为晶格周期),设计了工作波长为1 530 nm和1 540 nm的光子晶体定向耦合器,器件长度仅为60 μm。通过拉伸介质柱的纵向长度,可以大幅减小耦合周期,这对缩小器件体积以及实现更为密集的波分复用有着重要的意义。     

Polariton propagation in coupled quantum wire waveguides

The propagation of the excitonic polariton along the directional coupler consisting of adjacent parallel GaAs quantum-wire waveguides is simulated by using a finite element method. It is found that the coupling length is as short as 2.5-4 μm, which is three orders of magnitude shorter than the conventional optical directional coupler made of bulk GaAs. Such short coupling length will make it possible to fabricate extremely small optoelectronic devices such as directional-coupler-type switches.     

Design and analysis of a vertical directional coupler between a three-dimensional plasmonic slot waveguide and a silicon waveguide

The design of a vertical directional coupler between a three-dimensional plasmonic slot waveguide and a silicon waveguide is theoretically investigated in detail. It consists of two steps: the design of isolated plasmonic slot waveguide and silicon waveguide and the determination of the gap between the two waveguides and the length of a coupling region. The designed structure transfers 70.8% of the power carried by the silicon waveguide mode to the plasmonic slot waveguide mode when the gap is 150 nm and the coupling length is 2.14 μm. The wavelength dependence of our vertical directional coupler is also studied. The analysis shows that the amount of the transferred power changes slightly over a very wide wavelength range between 1.40 μm and 1.61 μm. Moreover, if we employ the fabrication technology for silicon photonics, it is quite tolerant to the variation of the length of its coupling section. Finally, the vertical directional coupler is considered for a polarizer.     

A very short vertical directional coupler with polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios

We propose a very short vertical directional coupler with polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios. The structure of the coupler has two deep-ridge waveguide structures in the upper and lower parts which can be implemented using a double-sided wafer process. The coupling length and extinction ratios of the vertical directional coupler with symmetric structures decrease as the thicknesses of the inner cladding layer and core layer decrease. The extinction ratio is improved using a slight asymmetry in the refractive indices of two core layers. As the thicknesses of the inner cladding layer and core layer decrease, the length of the vertical directional coupler for extinction ratios greater than 30 dB of both TE and TM modes decreases. A vertical directional coupler with a very short length less than 100 μm and polarization-insensitive high extinction ratios greater than 30 dB can be implemented using the structure proposed in this paper.     

InGaAs/InAlAs多量子阱脊形波导及定向耦合器光波特性准矢量分析

提出了一种基于级数展开的三维准矢量束传播法(SE-QV-BPM)用以分析由InGaAs/InAlAs多量子阱构成的脊形光波导及定向耦合器.结果表明，刻蚀深度相同时，TM模比TE模在水平方向限制强，且TM模的模场在波导角上出现畸变；波导间距相同时，定向耦合器TM波的耦合长度大于TE波的耦合长度，对偏振态敏感.分析获得了浅/深刻脊形光波导承载的准矢量TE/TM基模、定向耦合器承载的TE/TM偶/奇模的模场分布及其有效折射率，模拟了光场在定向耦合器中的传输演变情况.另外，SE-QV-BPM导出矩阵小，计算效率高 关键词： 级数展开 准矢量束传播法 多量子阱 InGaAs/InAlAs     

Resonant directional coupling of hollow Bragg fibers

Coupling between the lowest-loss TE01 modes of two touching hollow-core Bragg fibers is considered with a view to designing a directional coupler. We have found that for fibers with core radii larger than 10 microm one can identify broad frequency ranges in which intermodal coupling strength exceeds supermode radiation losses by an order of magnitude, thus opening the possibility of building a directional coupler. We attribute such unusually strong intermode coupling both to the resonant effects in the intermirror cavity and a proximity interaction between the leaky modes localized in the mirror.