硝基苯和乙醇一锅法合成N-乙基苯胺

以硝基苯和乙醇一锅法合成N-乙基苯胺为例,报道了芳香硝基物和醇类化合物在一个反应器内,在相同催化剂作用下和在相同反应条件下一锅法合成N-烷基芳胺的新方法.在该方法中,醇类化合物水相重整过程中产生的氢原位地将芳香硝基物加氢还原生成芳胺,紧接着在较低的H2分压条件下,芳胺与醇发生N-烷基化反应生成相应的N-烷基芳胺.在硝基苯：无水乙醇：水的体积比为10：60：0时,在T=413K和P=1MPa条件下反应8h,硝基苯和苯胺被完全转化,N-乙基苯胺的选择性为85.9％,N,N-二乙基苯胺选择性在0-4％之间,明显优于传统的合成方法。实验结果表明,这种方法可及时地将反应过程产生的氢和芳胺从催化剂表面移走,为提高目标产物N-烷基芳胺的选择性提供了可能。     

酸性离子液体催化合成N-氰乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺

N-氰乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺是一种具有广泛用途的染料中间体,针对传统合成方法中的缺陷,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([BMIM]HSO 4)为催化剂,丙烯腈和N-羟乙基苯胺为原料,建立了N-氰乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺的绿色合成新工艺。系统考察了离子液体种类、离子液体用量、底物比例等因素的影响规律,结果表明,[BMIM]HSO 4用量为0.8 mmol,n(N-羟乙基苯胺)∶[KG-*3/5]n(丙烯腈)=1∶[KG-*3/5]1.2,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为12 h时,N-氰乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺产率最高(89%),离子液体循环使用5次后,催化活性基本保持不变。     

利用乙醇重整制氢进行硝基苯原位液相加氢合成苯胺

 利用乙醇液相催化重整制得的氢直接进行硝基苯原位液相加氢合成苯胺. 考察了不同催化剂、反应温度及反应时间等因素的影响. 在以Pt/Al2O3为催化剂,反应温度220 ℃和反应时间3 h的条件下,硝基苯的转化率可达99.3%, 苯胺的选择性为99.8%, 催化剂表现出较高的加氢活性和选择性.     

AlCl3催化对位取代苯胺与丙烯腈加成反应的研究

报道了无水AlCl3催化5种对位取代苯胺与丙烯腈发生Michael加成反应生成相应的N-氰乙基对位取代苯胺、N,N-二氰乙基对位取代苯胺, 结果表明, AlCl3对该类反应具有很高的催化活性. 在丙烯腈稍过量、较低温度、少量AlCl3催化剂的催化下, 主要生成N-氰乙基对位取代苯胺, 收率达88%～90%; 在丙烯腈过量较多、75～85 ℃及较多AlCl3催化剂的催化下, 主要生成 N,N-二氰乙基对位取代苯胺, 收率达88%～91%. 当加入Lewis碱NaOAc作助催化剂时有利于提高N-氰乙基对位取代苯胺的选择性和收率; 当加入Lewis 酸ZnCl2作助催化剂时则有利于提高N,N-二氰乙基对位取代苯胺的选择性和收率. 并对合成的5种N,N-二氰乙基对位取代苯胺用TG-DTA, UV, IR, NMR和元素分析进行了物性和结构表征.     

组合型Pt3Sn/Al2O3催化剂用于芳香硝基化合物一锅法合成N-烷基芳胺

采用吸附法制备了组合型Pt₃Sn/Al₂O₃双金属催化剂, 将该催化剂用于芳香硝基化合物原位液相加氢一锅法合成N-烷基芳胺. 研究表明, 在503 K, 空速为7.5 h^-1, 水体积分数为5%时, 1%(质量分数)Pt₃Sn/Al₂O₃催化剂具有较高的催化性能, 硝基苯的转化率为100%, N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺的总选择性为98.2%. 同时,该催化剂对原位液相加氢烷基化反应具有一定普适性, 本文研究的14 种芳香硝基化合物与低级脂肪醇反应,均具有较高的N-烷基化产率.     

无水AlCl3催化合成N-乙基-N-氰乙基苯胺的研究

本文报道了用无水A lC l3作催化剂,催化N-乙基苯胺与丙烯腈反应合成N-乙基-N-氰乙基苯胺的新工艺,优化得到其合适的反应条件是:加入N-乙基苯胺重量的10%的无水A lC l3,在80℃左右反应6-8小时,可使反应的转化率达98.5%,收率达97%以上。     

离子液体作相转移剂催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用离子液体作相转移催化剂,在常压下以苯胺和溴乙烷为原料合成N,N-二乙基苯胺,考察了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件是:苯胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比为1∶2.5(苯胺,11mL,溴乙烷,22.5mL),催化剂用量1.20g(0.004mol),在50mL50%(质量分数)的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度60℃,常压反应6h,产品收率高于97%.     

液相色谱/质谱联机研究还原烷基化合成3-(β-羟乙基砜基)N-乙基苯胺的反应历程

3 (β 羟乙基砜基 )苯胺在催化剂镍的存在下与醛发生加氢反应 ,可直接制得 3 (β 羟乙基砜基 )N 乙基苯胺。运用高效液相色谱 /质谱联机系统对反应生成的中间产物进行分析 ,研究了加氢还原烷基化反应的历程     

常压催化合成N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺

以间氨苯酚为原料,用溴乙烷做烷基化试剂,硫酸二甲酯作甲基化试剂,通过改变溶剂及加入合适的相转移催化剂等方法优化工艺,经两步反应合成N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺,产率达到48.8%。该反应步骤少,原料廉价易得,反应条件极其温和,方法简单,为实际生产提供了依据。     

液相色谱/质谱联机研究还原烷基化合成3-(β-羟乙基砜基)N-乙基苯胺的反应历程

 3 (β 羟乙基砜基 )苯胺在催化剂镍的存在下与醛发生加氢反应 ,可直接制得 3 (β 羟乙基砜基 )N 乙基苯胺。运用高效液相色谱 /质谱联机系统对反应生成的中间产物进行分析 ,研究了加氢还原烷基化反应的历程。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.