带状电子注的聚焦和传输

采用单粒子模型,对有限宽矩形带状电子注在周期会切磁场(PCM)、带偏移磁极的周期会切磁场(offset-pole PCM)和周期会切周期四极磁铁混合磁场(PCM-PQM)聚焦结构中传输的双平面聚焦,进行了详细的理论和数值分析研究。结果表明:PCM和offset-pole PCM聚焦结构对于实现带状电子注的双平面边缘聚焦比较困难,原因在于它们无法独立控制电子注水平和垂直两个方向的聚焦。PCM-PQM聚焦结构则非常有效地改善了聚焦,可以很好地实现带状电子注边缘的聚焦和均匀稳定的传输。     

关于闭合及偏置PCM结构约束带状电子注可行性的研究

通过理论分析和数值计算证明了闭合PCM结构可以在窄边和宽边两个横方向上对接近真实情形的带状注束流进行有效约束,实现电子注的长距离稳定传输.提出了匹配电子注宽边方向横向磁聚焦力与带状注内空间电荷力的方法,这可用于确定闭合PCM聚焦结构的纵向周期长度以及截面尺寸.所做计算还显示出闭合PCM结构横截面的宽边方向尺度可以独立调节以达到最优的匹配.此外,进一步证明了偏置PCM结构不能有效约束带状电子注.本工作表明闭合PCM结构用于限制带状注束流具有很大潜力并且有助于指导实际的工程实践.     

Laser-wakefield acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams in the first plasma-wave period

Beam profile measurements of laser-wakefield accelerated electron bunches reveal that in the monoenergetic regime the electrons are injected and accelerated at the back of the first period of the plasma wave. With pulse durations ctau >or= lambda(p), we observe an elliptical beam profile with the axis of the ellipse parallel to the axis of the laser polarization. This increase in divergence in the laser polarization direction indicates that the electrons are accelerated within the laser pulse. Reducing the plasma density (decreasing ctau/lambda(p)) leads to a beam profile with less ellipticity, implying that the self-injection occurs at the rear of the first period of the plasma wave. This also demonstrates that the electron bunches are less than a plasma wavelength long, i.e., have a duration <25 fs. This interpretation is supported by 3D particle-in-cell simulations.     

SASE free electron lasers as short wavelength coherent sources

During the last few years free electron lasers (FELs) based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) have been demonstrated at wavelengths of 12 m [1], 830 nm [2], 530 nm [3] and 385 nm [3], and around 100 nm [4]. Recently, saturation has been observed in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral region between 82 nm and 125 nm at the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) at DESY. The radiation pulses have been characterized with respect to pulse energy, statistical fluctuations, angular divergence and spectral distribution, both in the linear gain and in the saturation regime of the FEL [5-6]. The results are in good agreement with theoretical simulations, providing a solid basis for other projects aiming at still shorter wavelengths down to the 0.1 nm range [7-8].Received: 8 January 2003, Published online: 24 April 2003PACS: 41.60.Cr Free-electron lasers - 42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering - 42.25.Kb Coherence - 29.17.+w Electrostatic, collective, and linear accelerators - 41.75.Lx Other advanced accelerator concepts - 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters     

Characterisation of InAs/GaAs short period superlattices using column ratio mapping in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy

The image processing technique of column ratio mapping was applied to aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field (HAADF) images of short period MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) grown InAs/GaAs superlattices. This method allowed the Indium distribution to be mapped and a more detailed assessment of interfacial quality to be made. Frozen-phonon multislice simulations were also employed to provide a better understanding of the experimental column ratio values. It was established that ultra-thin InAs/GaAs layers can be grown sufficiently well by MBE. This is despite the fact that the Indium segregated over 3-4 monolayers. Furthermore, the effect of the growth temperature on the quality of the layers was also investigated. It was demonstrated that the higher growth temperature resulted in a better quality superlattice structure.     

The prototype of new variable period undulator for Novosibirsk free electron laser

To improve the parameters of the second stage Novosibirsk free electron laser we plan to replace the existing electromagnetic undulator by permanent-magnet variable-period undulator (VPU). The VPUs have several advantages compared to conventional undulators, which include wider radiation wavelength tuning range and an option to increase the number of poles. Both these advantages will be realized in the new undulator under development in Budker INP. There are some technical problems, which have to be solved before this idea can be implemented in practice. To check the solution of these problems we designed and manufactured a small undulator prototype, which has just several periods. In this paper, the results of mechanical and magnetic measurements of this undulator prototype are presented and compared with simulations.     

Design criteria of the near-millimeter wave quasi-optical monolithic diode-grid frequency multiplier array

The high-frequency performance along with the optimum designs and operating conditions of near-millimeter wave quasi-optical monolithic diode-grid frequency multiplier arrays have been studied and will be presented in this paper. The limitations of the development of nearmillimeter wave quasi-optical monolithic diode-grid frequency multiplier arrays will be discussed in detail. The optimum operating conditions and performance of different device structures are presented along with the associated device physics. The optimum designs, operating conditions and performance of the monolithic diode-grid frequency multiplier array will also be discussed based upon the temperature distribution study on the diode-grid.     

强流电子束轫致辐射复合薄靶设计

针对目前脉冲硬X射线源能谱硬、辐照面积小、辐射场电子份额高无法开展系统电磁脉冲效应实验研究的技术难题,提出了采用复合薄靶软化脉冲硬X射线能谱、降低电子份额的方法。采用MCNP程序数值模拟了电子和光子在不同材料中的输运规律,分析了复合靶结构和材料厚度对X射线能谱、电子份额的影响。以闪光二号加速器为电子束源,设计了复合薄靶、X射线窗。实验得到的X射线参数：平均能量121 keV;均匀性2∶1情况下,700 cm2平均剂量40 rad（Si）,500 cm2平均剂量170 rad（Si）;光子数与电子数的比值大于103,可以开展系统电磁脉冲效应初步实验研究。     

强流电子束轫致辐射复合薄靶设计

针对目前脉冲硬X射线源能谱硬、辐照面积小、辐射场电子份额高无法开展系统电磁脉冲效应实验研究的技术难题,提出了采用复合薄靶软化脉冲硬X射线能谱、降低电子份额的方法。采用MCNP程序数值模拟了电子和光子在不同材料中的输运规律,分析了复合靶结构和材料厚度对X射线能谱、电子份额的影响。以闪光二号加速器为电子束源,设计了复合薄靶、X射线窗。实验得到的X射线参数:平均能量121 keV;均匀性2∶1情况下,700 cm2平均剂量40 rad（Si）,500 cm2平均剂量170 rad（Si）;光子数与电子数的比值大于103,可以开展系统电磁脉冲效应初步实验研究。     

High-power pulse generators for bremsstrahllung and electron beams using inductive energy accumulators

In this paper we present historical information on development, by the RFYaTs-VNIITF, of IGUR devices — pulse electron-accelerators using inductive energy accumulators. We describe the first IGUR's (IGUR-1, IGUR-2, and RAPID), which used air insulation in the high-voltage components. We present the designs, basic parameters, and the special features of the IGUR-3, éMIR-M, and SIGNAL accelerators. RFYaTs-VNIITF. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 84–92, December, 1995.     

Theory of single-component electron beams

V. I. Lenin All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 733–740, June, 1990.     

Concentration and refractive index sensor for methanol using short period grating fiber

This paper reports on the spectral (response) characteristics of fiber Bragg grating sensor to various methanol concentrations. A complete experimental analysis on the use of Ge-B co-doped fiber Bragg grating sensor for a concentration and refractive index measurement is presented. The spectral changes in the grating response due to variation of concentration have been investigated in relation to new sensing configurations. The results also highlight the possibilities of using the sensor for medical and biological applications.     

Wiggler聚焦带状注速调管电子光学系统的设计

 带状注速调管可以在高频段实现高功率微波输出,电子光学系统是带状注速调管的关键部件。阐述了Wiggler双平面聚焦理论,设计了新型椭圆形柱面阴极和椭圆形聚焦极结构,阴极曲率半径为17 mm,长轴10 mm,短轴4 mm;聚焦极长轴28.8 mm,短轴10.4 mm。采用这种结构可以直接产生椭圆形带状电子注,且阴极发射电流密度较为均匀。设计了周期长度为8 mm,总长度为108 mm,中间带有凹槽并可以实现双平面聚焦的Wiggler结构,模拟显示电子注填充因子在75%左右,通过率达到100%。设计了新型的菱形收集极结构,电子轨迹在收集极内发散均匀。     

Wiggler聚焦带状注速调管电子光学系统的设计

带状注速调管可以在高频段实现高功率微波输出,电子光学系统是带状注速调管的关键部件。阐述了Wiggler双平面聚焦理论,设计了新型椭圆形柱面阴极和椭圆形聚焦极结构,阴极曲率半径为17 mm,长轴10 mm,短轴4 mm;聚焦极长轴28.8 mm,短轴10.4 mm。采用这种结构可以直接产生椭圆形带状电子注,且阴极发射电流密度较为均匀。设计了周期长度为8 mm,总长度为108 mm,中间带有凹槽并可以实现双平面聚焦的Wiggler结构,模拟显示电子注填充因子在75%左右,通过率达到100%。设计了新型的菱形收集极结构,电子轨迹在收集极内发散均匀。     

Relativistic electron beams and beam-plasma interaction

The interaction of a (relativistic) electron beam with a plasma is discussed. In the introduction the history of the field and related topics are reviewed. Next the momentum space distribution of a relativistic electron beam (REB) is treated. Then, taking into account the kinetic properties of a REB, linear wave dispersion in a REB-plasma system is surveyed. Dispersion diagrams are calculated and presented for a number of representative sets of parameters. Finally a discussion is given of the dispersive properties of unstable waves. Criteria are developed to discriminate between the various types of possible non-linear behaviour of the waves as they grow to their saturation level.     

Transverse cooling of electron beams

The possibility of cyclotron maser cooling of the transverse motion of electrons in a beam with the oblate velocity distribution characteristic of the setups with electron cooling has been analyzed.