共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 85 毫秒
1.
用密度泛函方法BHandHIYP以6-311 G(d)和6-311 G(2df)为基组对草酰溴的一价正离子(BrCO)2^ 和中性分子(BrCO)2做了构象分析,结果表明,(BrCO)^ 2和(BrCO)2都具有平面反式和交叉式两种构象。交叉式构象存在超共轭现象。此外,对草酰溴离子、中性分子各解离通道初级反应的Gibbs自由能的计算,发现草酰溴离子C-C键解离通道的反应活性总体上大于中性分子,对该反应通道进一步做了反应机理研究,证实了热力学结论。 相似文献
2.
用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法和6-311+G(3df)基组,计算了气态下硝酰氯和顺/反应硝酸氯的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱以及热力学性质,并讨论了它们的互变异构反应,分析了过渡态的结构。结果表明,B3LYP/6-311+G(3df)计算得到的结果与实验值及CCSD(T)方法计算结果吻合,且更适应于研究反应机理,ClNO2转变为cis-ClONO的过渡态(TS1)偏离平面构型;cis-ClONO和trans-ClONO互变反应的过渡态(TS2)属于内旋转位垒;高水平计算表明不存在由ClNO2直接转变为trans-ClONO的过渡态,而是得到了一个十分接近异裂产物的二级马鞍点(2SP)。根据得到的热力学函数计算了气态时各温度下互变异构反应的平衡常数。 相似文献
3.
设计了一个面向高年级本科生或低年级研究生的计算化学探索实验,即利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算烯丙基正离子的旋转异构反应。该实验设计了反应物结构优化、过渡态寻找、内禀反应坐标建立等过程,可以较为全面地帮助学生了解计算化学的基本概念与操作,加深对分子微观结构的感知以及对过渡态理论中“旧键即将断裂,新键即将形成”概念的理解。本实验通过旋转异构反应的势能面的构建,也可以帮助学生认识反应热力学和动力学的差别。通过进一步的电荷布居分析以及前线轨道分析,可以帮助学生直观地学习并理解分子的电子结构以及反应活性位点概念。 相似文献
4.
5.
采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法研究了气相中过渡金属La在二、四重态势能面上催化C2H4的反应机理。全参数优化了二、四重态势能面上各个驻点的几何构型,同时对过渡态进行了频率分析,使用内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法验证了过渡态的准确性,通过AIM理论和NBO分析方法对主要的驻点进行了键分析,并对2IM1、2IM3进行了态密度分析。结果表明:La与C2H4的反应存在两种可能的路径,反应在二重态势能面上进行且均为放热反应。键分析表明初始复合物中La与C2H4分子之间为共价作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
双二茂铁甲醇与BF3•OEt2 在CH2Cl2中作用形成稳定的双二茂铁甲基碳正离子, 无需从溶液中分离, 可直接与乙酰乙酸乙酯反应得到了较高产率的双二茂铁甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯. 由苯重结晶得到的单晶经过X射线衍射测试发现, 该化合物属于三斜晶系, 空间群P , a=0.82554(8) nm, b=0.96962(10) nm, c=1.46662(14) nm, α=105.562(2)°, β=90.771(2)°, γ=96.727(2)°, V=1.2191(19) nm3, Dc=1.516 g•cm-3, μ=1.320 mm-1, F(000)=532, Z=2. 相似文献
8.
采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) 方法和自洽反应场极化连续模型(PCM)研究四唑负离子与脒类(乙脒或苄脒)正离子形成的两种形式的复合物(末端和侧端)及甲酸根负离子与脒类(乙脒或苄脒)正离子形成的复合物在气相和二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶剂中的稳定性。在气相中,四唑-乙脒和四唑-苄脒复合物的相互作用能(∆E)末端分别比侧端的大3.56和3.72 kJ/mol,表明末端复合物稍占优势。甲酸与乙脒和苄脒的复合物的相互作用能(∆E)分别比四唑与乙脒和苄脒的复合物的大59.35和58.99 kJ/mol,表明脒与甲酸形成复合物时相互作用更强。溶剂DMSO的作用使得所有复合物的相互作用能变小,但脒与四唑的相互作用仍比脒与甲酸的弱。前者的结合常数与后者的相比只有1/315(乙脒)和1/218(苄脒),这与实验结果相一致。 相似文献
9.
钯催化下有机锡化合物的偶联反应在碳-碳键形成过程中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文述评了最近几年来钯催化的有机锡化合物与有机亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应在有机合成中用于碳-碳键形成的主要研究成果。主要讨论了直接交叉偶联反应,CO或烯键插入的交叉偶联反应和机理。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
The synthesis and structure elucidation of three new estrone derivatives chloro-oxo-acetic acid (estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-on-3-yl methyl) ester (2), oxalic acid mono (estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-on-3-yl methyl) ester (3), and ethyl (3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien)-17-yl oxalate (5) have been described. 相似文献
13.
Various aromatic and heterocyclic nitriles were prepared in good to high yields in a direct one‐pot process by heating the corresponding aldehydes with hydroxylamine and oxalyl chloride as reagents. 相似文献
14.
GENG Zhi-Yuana② WANG Dong-Meia c WANG Yong-Chenga DAI Guo-Lianga LU Ling-Linga WANG Han-Qingb a 《结构化学》2005,24(11):1334-1339
1 INTRODUCTION In experiment, it is difficult to reveal the pheno- menon that molecules decompose into several frag- ments by UV light mainly due to the insufficient en- ergy of illuminating source. But in oxalyl halides, their bond energies are relatively lower. As a typical system for the study of multi-channel dissociation, oxalyl chloride can be dissociated into four frag- ments: Cl˙, Cl˙, CO and CO, under proper UV light[1, 2], which is the chief way to obtain free radi- cals. … 相似文献
15.
Dustin Bornemann Fabian Brüning Niccolò Bartalucci Lionel Wettstein Cody Ross Pitts 《Helvetica chimica acta》2021,104(2):e2000218
A mild, oxidative fluorination approach to a variety of fluorinated phosphorus compounds using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) and KF was developed as a complement to a recent study on deoxygenative fluorination using oxalyl chloride. Herein, the syntheses of several fluorinated organophosphorus compounds are reported, and both TCICA/KF and oxalyl chloride/KF conditions are compared and contrasted throughout. Initial investigations of the method on other group 15 heteroatoms (i. e., As, Sb, and Bi) are also reported, with varied success. This work notably extends the known TCICA/KF reactivity series to another group of elements beyond previously studied chalcogens (S, Se, and Te) and halogens (iodine) and expands the utility of the previously reported oxalyl chloride/KF method. 相似文献
16.
17.
The mechanism of palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction has been studied theoretically by DFT (density functional theory) calculations. The model system studied consists of Pd(PH3)2 as the starting catalyst complex, phenyl bromide as the substrate and acetylene as the terminal alkyne, without regarding to the co-catalyst and base. Mechanistically and energetically plausible catalytic cycles for the cross-coupling have been identified. The DFT analysis shows that the catalytic cycle occurs in three stages: oxidative addition of phenyl bromide to the palladium center, alkynylation of palladium(Ⅱ) intermediate, and reductive elimination to phenylacetylene. In the oxidative addition, the neutral and anionic pathways have been investigated, which could both give rise to cis-configured palladium(Ⅱ) diphosphine intermediate. Starting from the palladium(Ⅱ) diphosphine intermediate, the only identifiable pathway in alkynylation involves the dissociation of Br group and the formation of square-planar palladium(Ⅱ) intermediate, in which the phenyl and alkynyl groups are oriented cis to each other. Due to the close proximity of phenyl and alkynyl groups, the reductive elimination of phenylacetylene proceeds smoothly. 相似文献
18.
由于 Jahn-Teller效应 [1]具有简并的最高占据分子轨道 ( HOMO)的分子失去一个电子生成阳离子后 ,构型将发生重大变化 .苯分子的构型为 D6 h点群 ,其简并的 HOMO用 e1g表示 ,从简并的 HOMO上失去一个电子后的苯分子离子将具有简并的电子态 2 E1g.根据 Jahn-Teller理论 ,苯分子离子将由 D6 h构型畸变为D2 h构型 ,同时简并的电子态将分裂为 2 B2 g和 2 B1g两个电子态 ,对应于 2个不同的 D2 h结构 .然而 Jahn-Teller理论既未说明 2 B2 g和 2 B1g态中哪个能量更低 ,也未说明 D2 h构型的细节 ,故需用量子化学计算来确定 .苯分子离子… 相似文献
19.
Kinetic Study of the Catalyzed Substitution Reaction of Benzal Chloride and Sodium Iodide in Acetone
The substitution reaction of benzal chloride (PhCHCl2) and sodium iodide in acetone needs a metal-ion catalyst. Without considering the effects of solubility and the dissociation of salt, salts of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II, III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)m Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(I, II), and Sb(III) ions are used to study their catalytic reactivities. It is found that the Fe(II) ion exhibits acceptable catalytic effect. The overall Fe(II)-catalyzed PhCHCl2-NaI reaction can be described by the following competitive consecutive scheme: PhCHCl2 → PhCHCII → PhCHI2. Under suitable conditions, coupling products such as PhCH=CHPh and PhCHClCHClPh are also found. The rate of the first-stage substitution of the PhCHCl2-NaI reaction increases linearly with the PhCHCl2 concentration. It increases asymptotically with the FeCl2 concentration. However, there is an optimum concentration for Nal. The apparent activation energies are 104 ± 4 kJ/mol and 133 ± 4 kJ/mol for the Fe(II)-catalyzed PhCHCl2-NaI and PhCHCH-NaI reactions, respectively. 相似文献