On the precipitation of delta phase in ALLVAC® 718Plus

ALLVAC 718Plus is a new commercial superalloy derived from Inconel 718, but possessing a higher temperature capability whilst employing the same philosophy regarding the microstructure. Many articles have been published describing various heat treatments exploiting the precipitation of intermetallic phases at grain boundaries to optimize the mechanical properties over a range of testing conditions. The requirement to further improve the mechanical properties of this alloy drives our interest in the precipitation mechanism of the delta and eta phases found in this alloy. We report the presence of finely layered structures composed of two phases, delta and eta, with distinct structures and chemistries. Possible pathways to explain this precipitation in 718Plus are considered as follows: (i) the sequential formation of the delta from eta phase and (ii) the simultaneous precipitation of both eta and delta facilitated via solute rejection. Both can result in the formation of those small delta layers observed in HRSTEM. We discuss which is most likely by comparing the relative alignment of the phases by image processing and the analysis of the HRSTEM images, and propose formation mechanisms consistent with the distinctive dislocation structures observed at the interface.     

On temporal evolution of precipitation probability of the Yangtze River delta in the last 50 years

The monthly precipitation observational data of the Yangtze River delta are transformed into the temporal evolution of precipitation probability (PP), and its hierarchically distributive characters have been revealed in this paper. Research results show that precipitation of the Yangtze River delta displays the interannual and interdecadal characters and the periods are all significant at a confidence level of more than 0.05. The interdecadal is an important time scale, because it is on the one hand a disturbance of long period changes, and on the other hand it is also the background for interannual change. The interdecadal and 3－7y oscillations have different motion laws in the data-based mechanism self-memory model (DAMSM). Meanwhile, this paper also provides a new train of thought for dynamic modelling. Because this method only involves a certain length of data series, it can be used in many fields, such as meteorology, hydrology, seismology, and economy etc, and thus has a bright perspective in practical applications.     

Solutions of the Schrödinger equation for Dirac delta decorated linear potential

We have studied bound states of the Schrödinger equation for a linear potential together with any finite number (P) of Dirac delta functions. Forx<-0, the potential is given as

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where 0<f; 0<x ₁<x ₂<...<x _P , theσ _i are arbitrary real numbers, and the potential is infinite forx<0.

     

Influence of delta〈Mn〉 doping parameters of the GaAs barrier on circularly polarized luminescence of GaAs/InGaAs heterostructures

The circular polarization of low-temperature electroluminescence of diodes based on heterostructures with an undoped quantum well InGaAs/GaAs and a delta〈Mn〉 layer in the GaAs barrier has been investigated. The possibility of changing the degree of circular polarization of the electroluminescence by varying the main structural parameters of diodes (spacer layer thickness, i.e., the distance between the delta〈Mn〉 layer and the quantum well, atomic concentration in the delta〈Mn〉 layer, and introduction of an additional acceptor delta layer) has been analyzed. It has been revealed that the variation in the spacer layer thickness is the most effective method for controlling the degree of circular polarization of the electroluminescence.     

Nonuniform sampling delta modulation for digital audio processing

I.lntroductionDigitalcodingofwavefOrrniswidelyusedinaudioengineeringbecauseoftheadvantageofdirectapproximatingthecodedsignaltotlleorigina1soundw...form[1'2].LinearDeltaModulation(LDM)isanimportantwaveformcodingtechniqueusingsing1ebitcodetorep-resentanalogsigna1swithwidespreadapplicationsinbothdigitalcommunicationsandsoundprocessing.However,inconventionalLDMsystems,thesamplingintervalisusuallyfixedwiththetransmissionrateeventhoughthesigna1characteristicsvaryl'].Thereforeifthestepsizeistoosm…     

Fission probabilities across the π-nucleon delta resonance

Cross-sections for the π⁺-induced fission of ²⁰⁹Bi and ²³⁵U have been measured in small steps across the 3-3 resonance to search for any mechanisms that might signal a change in the reaction mechanism across a region where strong coupling of available energy into nuclear excitation can be expected. The bismuth data are found to be in good agreement with a statistical calculation not including new mechanisms. Received: 15 August 2000 / Accepted: 23 January 2001     

Seasonal variations in fish delta13C and delta15N in two West African reservoirs, Sélingué and Manantali (Mali): modifications of trophic links in relation to water level

Most regions in the tropics undergo high seasonal precipitation that produces cyclic patterns of riverine discharge, resulting in periods characterized by low and high water levels. Many chemical and bio-logical factors are affected by this hydrologic seasonality, and it therefore appeared to be very likely that aquatic food webs would also differ during the low and high water periods. Available carbon sources for fish are thought to be less varied during low water periods, but flooding during high water periods could bring fish into contact with a greater abundance and diversity of food sources such as terrestrial plants or the biofilms that grow on submerged terrestrial plants. At low water levels, higher fish densities may lead to more piscivory and less omnivory when compared with the high water periods. Therefore, trophic links within the fish communities may then be modified by water level changes in tropical reservoirs. To address this prediction, we performed stable isotope analyses of the most common species in Sélingué and Manantali, two large reservoirs in Mali (West Africa). Allochthonous and littoral carbon sources were shown to support fish production to a significant extent, even during low water periods. However, the allochthonous or littoral carbon contributions that sustained the top-predators production were indeed greater during the high water periods as expected. The expected higher omnivory in the high water period might have shortened the food chain when compared with the low water period. Some carnivorous fish species were shown to feed at lower trophic levels during high water periods in both reservoirs, but this was not a general pattern. Flooding did not, therefore, necessarily result in a shorter food chain when water levels were high.     

Particle resonance in the Dirac equation in the presence of a delta interaction and a perturbative hyperbolic potential

We show that the energy spectrum of the one-dimensional Dirac equation, in the presence of an attractive vectorial delta potential, exhibits a resonant behavior when one includes an asymptotically spatially vanishing weak electric field associated with a hyperbolic tangent potential. We solve the Dirac equation in terms of Gauss hyper-geometric functions and show explicitly how the resonant behavior depends on the strength of the electric field evaluated at the support of the point interaction. We derive an approximate expression for the value of the resonances and compare the results calculated for the hyperbolic potential with those obtained for a linear perturbative potential. Finally, we characterize the resonances with the help of the phase shift and the Wigner delay time.     

Electron tunnelling phase time and dwell time through an associated delta potential barrier

The electron tunnelling phase time τP and dwell time τD through an associated delta potential barrier U(x) = ξδ(x) are calculated and both are in the order of 10^-17～10^-16s. The results show that the dependence of the phase time on the delta barrier parameter ξ can be described by the characteristic length lc = h^2/meξ and the characteristic energy Ec=meξ^2/h^2 of the delta barrier, where me is the electron mass, lc and Ec are assumed to be the effective width and height of the delta barrier with lcEc=ξ, respectively. It is found that TD reaches its maximum and τD = τp as the energy of the tunnelling electron is equal to Ec/2, i.e. as lc =λDB, λDB is de Broglie wave length of the electron.     

The effect of the Mn delta layer on the photosensitivity spectra of structures with InxGa1 ? xAs/GaAs quantum wells

The effect of embedding a Mn delta layer in heteronanostructures with an In _x Ga_{1 − x} As/GaAs single quantum well on the photosensitivity spectra of the quantum well in Schottky barrier diode structures has been investigated. It is shown that the embedding of a Mn delta layer results in the broadening of exciton peak and decrease in the photosensitivity of the quantum well until complete disappearance of photosensitivity at the spacer thickness of 1.5 nm. The suppression of the quantum well photosensitivity is mainly due to the increase in the concentration of defects such as recombination centers in the quantum well during embedding of a Mn delta layer.     

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a Dirac delta potential: finite difference method*

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a Dirac delta potential is considered in this paper. It is noted that the equation can be transformed into an equation with a drift-admitting jump. Then following the procedure proposed in Chen and Deng (2018 Phys. Rev. E 98 033302), a new second-order finite difference scheme is developed, which is justified by numerical examples.     

Influence of Self-Interaction ofσ Meson to the Equation of State of Nuclear Matter

In the relativistic σ-ωmodel, the influence of the parameters in self-interaction of a meson to the equation of state of normal nuclear matter, especially, to incompressibility, effective mass, and coupling constants, is studied in detail. We find that these parameters have an intense relationship to the property of nuclear matter. At the same time , we study the relation between the binding energy and pressure of relativestic △-resonance nuclear matter and temperature using using above results in the relativistic σ-ω-π model,and it is interesting to compare it to our prior work. In all these studies, the vacuum fluctuation on nucleon, △-isobar, and σmeson is considered.     

Analysis of the causes of formation of negative loss factors

I-IatroductionStatisticalEnergyAnalysis(SEA)isakindofeffective,simpleanddirectapproachforan-alyzingvibrationandsound,andithasbeenfoundwidelyapplicationsinanalysisofmechanicalnoiseandvibrationcolltrolsince198osl1-4].However,forgeneralindustrialmachineswhichalwayconsistofcomPlexandheaVystructures,thedeterminationmethodsofSEAparametersintheclassicalSEAtheoryareinapplicable[5]because:(1)SEAparametersofthesekindsofstructuresaredifficulttoobtainfromthetheory(2)theconditionofconservativeandweak…     

Teleportation of an arbitrary mixture of diagonal states of multiqudit

This paper proposes a scheme to teleport an arbitrary mixture of diagonal states of multiqutrit via classical correlation and classical communication. To teleport an arbitrary mixture of diagonal states of N qutrits, N classically correlated pairs of two qutrits are used as channel. The sender （Alice） makes Fourier transform and conditional gate （i.e., XOR（3） gate） on her qutrits and does measurement in appropriate computation bases. Then she sends N ctrits to the receiver （Bob）. Based on the received information, Bob performs the corresponding unitary transformation on his qutrits and obtains the teleported state. Teleportation of an arbitrary mixture of diagonal states of multiqudit is also discussed.     

Analysis of Frequency Spectrum of Laser-Induced Vibration of Microbeam Resonators

The vibration phenomenon during pulsed laser heating of micro-beams is investigated. The beam is made of silicon and is heated by a laser pulse with a non-Gaussian temporal profile and with an ultrashort pulse duration of 2ps, which incites vibration due to the thermoelastic damping effect. This coupled thermoelastic problem is solved using an analytical-numerical technique based on the Laplace transformation. The damping ratio and resonant frequency shift ratio of beams due to the air damping effect and the thermoelastic damping effect are also examined and discussed.     

Improvement of Synchronizability of Scale-Free Networks

We investigate the factors that affect synchronizability of coupled oscillators on scale-free networks. Using the memory Tabu search （MTS） algorithm, we improve the eigen-ratio Q of a coupling matrix by edge intercrossing. The numerical results show that the synchronizatlon-improved scale-free networks should have distinctive both small average distance and larger clustering coefficient, which are consistent with some real-world networks. Moreover, the synchronizability-improved networks demonstrate the disassortative coefficient.     

Measurement of Eccentricity of the Centre of Mass from the Geometric Centre of a Sphere

The eccentricity of the centre of mass from the geometric centre of a spherical attracting mass in determining the Newtonian gravitational constant G is tested by means of an electronic balance. The experimental result shows that the eccentricity of the sample is about 0.31 μm with uncertainty of 0.05μm. Two density distribution models are discussed to estimate the uncertainty to G by the eccentricities of the attracting masses.