反应型化学传感器的研究进展

反应型化学传感对目标分子的检测具有高度选择性和灵敏度,在环境监测和生命科学领域有着广泛的应用前景.综述了近几年来国内外检测阴、阳离子和中性分子的反应型传感器最新研究进展,并介绍了各种传感器的设计机理及其检测结果.     

多金属氧酸盐材料在电化学检测方面的研究进展

多金属氧酸盐因其可调控的化学组成、丰富的电子结构和优异的物理化学性能而成为非常有应用前景的一类材料.近年来,多金属氧酸盐被用于设计多种多样的功能材料,在电学、催化、生物学等多个领域都有广泛的应用.电化学检测由于其响应时间快、成本低、灵敏度高等诸多优点而成为环境科学、生命科学等领域的研究热点之一,在检测环境污染物和生物分...     

荧光共振能量转移测定牛血清白蛋白的研究

随着生物分析技术进入了后基因组时代,生命科学领域里的研究课题不断深入,DNA、RNA、蛋白质和其他生物大分子的检测技术发展十分迅速,生命科学中单分子分析技术不断揭示出生命活动的客观规律.相关的新的分析方法和仪器不断取得进展,成为生命科学的前沿领域.     

荧光共振能量转移测定牛血清白蛋白的研究

随着生物分析技术进入了后基因组时代,生命科学领域里的研究课题不断深入,DNA、RNA、蛋白质和其他生物大分子的检测技术发展十分迅速,生命科学中单分子分析技术不断揭示出生命活动的客观规律.相关的新的分析方法和仪器不断取得进展,成为生命科学的前沿领域.     

荧光相关光谱及其在单分子检测中的应用进展

单分子检测在生命科学、化学、物理学等领域具有重要的意义。荧光相关光谱是单分子检测的新技术,在生命科学领域有巨大的应用潜力。综述了荧光相关光谱单分子检测的原理、实验技术以及在生物分子相互作用、活细胞、核酸、疾病诊断、高通量筛选以及与毛细管电泳联用等领域的研究,并展望了其发展前景。     

苯并噻唑基荧光探针的设计、合成与应用研究进展

苯并噻唑基团具有特征荧光,且结构中含有N和S杂原子,因而在荧光探针结构中常被视为荧光基团与识别基团,承担荧光信号输出与提供结合位点的重要作用.利用苯并噻唑基团的特点来设计合成性能更佳的荧光探针已逐渐成为荧光探针研究领域中瞩目的焦点.对近几年来报道的苯并噻唑基荧光探针按不同的检测对象分为金属阳离子、阴离子、含硫化合物及其它物种等四大类,综述了其设计、合成、作用机理及其相关检测应用,并展望了其未来的发展趋势.     

全内反射荧光成像技术及其在单分子检测中的研究进展

全内反射荧光显微镜技术是当今最灵敏的生物成像和检测方法之一,可以直接探测单个荧光分子。这种方法已成功地用于生命科学、化学、物理学等研究领域,获得了常规方法无法得到的重要信息。本文介绍了全内反射荧光显微镜的工作原理和实验技术,总结了近年来这种单分子检测方法在生命科学、化学等领域的重要应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

微全分析系统在环境污染物检测中的研究与应用

环境污染物的高效检测是分析领域关注的焦点,微全分析系统(μTAS)为现代环境监测提供了良好的技术平台和新的技术途径.本文综述了近年来μTAS在小分子环境样品检测和分析方面的研究进展,重点针对有机磷类、含硝基化合物、酚类、氨基甲酸酯类、芳香胺等有机污染物,各类阴离子和金属阳离子等无机污染物,氮氧化物、二氧化硫、硫化氢、甲...     

弱酸型阳离子色谱柱的制备与应用

采用马来酸酐接枝硅胶的方法制备弱酸性阳离子色谱柱填料.实验证明,该填料制备的色谱柱具有良好的色谱分离性能,可同时分离一、二价金属阳离子,对于常规7种阳离子有很好的分离能力,可应用于离子色谱阳离子分析.用于检测自来水、透析液等实际样品取得了良好的效果.     

新型氰基桥联配位聚合物[Ni(en)2]2[Ni(CN)4]2·5H2O的合成、晶体结构和磁性质

分子组装在材料科学、催化和生物化学中具有潜在的应用前景,所以分子组装引起了化学、固体物理学和生物学等领域科学家们的普遍关注.分子组装常用的方法是使用具有配位能力的金属配合物作为建筑块与过渡金属阳离子反应.     

Benchmarking approximate density functional theory for s/d excitation energies in 3d transition metal cations

Holthausen has recently provided a comprehensive study of density functional theory for calculating the s/d excitation energies of the 3d transition metal cations. This study did not include the effects of scalar relativistic effects, and we show here that the inclusion of scalar relativistic effects significantly alters the conclusions of the study. We find, contrary to the previous study, that local functionals are more accurate for the excitation energies of 3d transition method cations than hybrid functionals. The most accurate functionals, of the 38 tested, are SLYP, PBE, BP86, PBELYP, and PW91.     

Solution Chemistry of Arsenic Anions in the Presence of Metal Cations

The interaction of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) oxyanions with metal cations was investigated by potentiometry under temperature and ionic strength conditions approaching those prevailing in natural waters. The selection includes the major metal cations and some other ions of high environmental relevance. Ionic pairs [M(As^VO₄)]^?, [M(HAs^VO₄)] and [M(H₂As^IIIO₃)]⁺ formation is suggested for all +2 metal cations, based on the potentiometric results. These ion-pairs between arsenic anions and other metal cations are hardly ever mentioned or taken into account when arsenic speciation in natural waters is considered. These results provide the basis for studying arsenic speciation in natural aquatic systems, on which environmental fate, bioavailability and toxicity of the element depend. Some extrapolations to the conditions of the natural waters are presented as well as some insights into the adsorption process onto hydrous oxides.     

Sensor activity, photodegradation and photostabilisation of a PAMAM dendrimer comprising 1,8-naphthalimide functional groups in its periphery

The colouristic and fluorescent characteristics of a new composite material based on a PAMAM dendrimer of second generation whose periphery is modified with 4-N,N-dimethylaminoethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide and polyamide-6 have been investigated. This dendrimer has been investigated with regard to its application as a heterogenic sensor capable of detecting metal cations and protons in aqueous solutions. In the presence of metal cations (Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Co²⁺) and protons the fluorescence intensity of the composite increases due to their coordination with dendrimer molecule. The results obtained reveal the capacity of this system to act as a sensitive sensor of environmental pollution by metal cations and protons. It has been shown that in N,N-dimethylformamide solution the metal cations inhibit the processes of photodegradation of the dendrimer.     

蒙脱石-有机化合物的相互作用

综述了蒙脱石与有机物的相互作用，包括蒙脱石对有机化合物的分配吸附现象及原理；蒙脱石与有机阳离子的离子交换反应；蒙脱石与芳香性化合物的三种吸附的相互作用形式以及这种反应在环境保护方面的应用。     

Fluorescence quenching of water-soluble conjugated polymer by metal cations and its application in sensor

The effects of different metal cations on the fluorescence of water-soluble conjugated polymer (CP) and their quenching mechanism have been explored. Most transition metal cations, especially noble metal cations, such as Pd2+, Ru3+, and Pt2+ possessed higher quenching efficiency to CP fluorescence than that of the main group metal cations and other transition metal cations, which have filled or half-full outmost electron layer configurations. Base on this, rapid, sensitive detection of noble metal cations can be realized and a novel quencher-tether-ligand (QTL) probe was developed to detect avidin and streptavidin.     

Analysis of inorganic species in environmental samples by capillary electrophoresis

The use of capillary electrophoresis for the determination of inorganic species in environmental samples is reviewed. Topics covered include the separation of inorganic anions, inorganic cations, transition metal cations and organometals in different environmental matrices, such as atmospheric deposition, atmospheric aerosols, gases, natural waters, waste waters, soil, sediment and marine biological samples. Cited literature is gathered according to the type of matrix, so that the focus is on the discussion of matrix effects rather than on the method development for a single class of compounds. For each matrix, surveyed methods are tabulated in order to assist the method selection. Innovative applications of capillary electrophoresis to advanced environmental research are also emphasised.     

Influence of ion size on the stability of chloroplumbates containing PbCl<Stack><Subscript>5</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> or PbCl<Stack><Subscript>6</Subscript><Superscript>2−</Superscript></Stack>

The enthalpies of formation of PbCl₄, PbCl₅⁻ and PbCl₆²⁻, originating from quantum mechanics, have enabled the thermodynamic behaviour of these ions with respect to Cl-detachment to be assessed. The stability of salts containing PbCl₅⁻ and PbCl₆²⁻ as a function of the dimensions of these anions and complementary cations was studied using an approach combining the Kapustinskii-Yatsimirskii equation with basic thermochemical relationships. It was found that hexachloroplumbates of monovalent metal cations will not dissociate into metal chlorides and PbCl₄, provided the complementary cations are suitably large in size. Hexachloroplumbates of divalent metal cations have not yet been synthesised since no known metal cations attain the requisite large size. Such salts will not dissociate if the divalent metal cations are able to complex suitably large electron-donating ligands. The pentachloroplumbates of both monovalent and divalent metal cations are unstable, since no known metal cations have appropriately large ionic radii. The approach adopted appears to be useful for the examination of the thermal behaviour, stability and reactivity of chloroplumbates.     

Treatment of heavy metal ions in wastewater using layered double hydroxides: A review

Heavy metal ions are toxic, and their toxicities change with different valence states, charges, and radii. Among the methods used for heavy metal ion removal, adsorption is widely employed due to its low cost and simple operation. As natural anionic clays, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have drawn considerable attention for their use in the removal of anionic pollutants (such as heavy metal anions) due to their high removal efficiency and environmental friendliness. This article reviews the effects of the charge, type, and radius of the cations in the laminates of LDHs and the anions in the LDH interlayers, as well as the charge and radius of the heavy metals and the conditions (such as pH, coexisting ions, and temperature) on removing heavy metal ions with LDHs. The removal mechanisms have also been discussed. LDHs are hugely promising as an application for removing heavy metal ions that exist in different ionic forms by controlling the type and condition of LDHs.     

Periodicity in collision-induced and remote-bond activation of alkali metal ions attached to polyether ionophores

The collision-induced dissociation of lasalocid and monensin A bound to alkali metal cations has been investigated using electrospray MS/MS. The binding affinity for the metal cations, as measured with collision-induced dissociation, was found to depend on their ionic radius, decreasing with increasing radius. Monensin A was observed to have a greater binding affinity for alkali metal cations than lasalocid acid.     

聚马来酸包夹硅胶基质单柱弱阳离子色谱柱填料

用马来酸包夹硅胶基质制备出一种新型弱阳离子色谱柱填料，该填料具有良好的色谱性能，可以较好地分离碱金属离子、碱土金属离子及一价胺离子。另外该填料可同时分离一价、二价金属阳离子。本文还考察了流动相的ｐＨ值和浓度对溶质保留的影响。