两亲嵌段共聚物溶液内胶束形成的温度效应

合成了一系列具有两亲嵌段结构的聚（乙二醇）（PEO）一聚（丙二醇）（PPO）共聚物．利用荧光探针及示差量热法测定了共聚物水溶液的临界胶束形成温度（CMT）值．发现二嵌段共聚物（PEO－PPO）和三嵌段共聚物（PEO－PPO－PEO）有着类似的变化规律，即随共聚物分子中疏水链（PPO）长度的增大，其CMT值降低．但三嵌段共聚（PPO－PEO－PPO）则因疏水链段处于共聚物分子的两端，因而在溶液中有可能形成立体网状交联结构．此外，利用探针分子在不同极性溶剂中荧光峰值波长发生位移的现象可以对形成胶束内核的组织程度、极性大小进行估测．     

经两亲嵌段共聚物自组装制备纳米胶束

本文介绍两亲嵌段共聚物的合成,综述了经两亲嵌段共聚物自组装制备纳米胶束的研究进展,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

两亲嵌段共聚物溶液自组装新进展

综述了两亲嵌段共聚物在溶液中自组装的新进展，重点介绍了两亲嵌段共聚物自组装聚集体中棒状、蠕虫状、囊泡、洋葱和实心洋葱等几种新形态的特点和形成机理；另外对两亲嵌段共聚物溶液自组装在光电、药物释放、靶向以及作为基因工程载体方面的应用前景及两亲嵌段共聚物聚集体的制备方法作了详细的评述。     

嵌段结构对两亲嵌段共聚物水溶液行为的影响

在合成了二种具有相同组成不同嵌段结构排布的共聚物基础上对它们溶液的物理化学行为用荧光探针的方法进行了研究，结果表明：由于结构排布的不同其物理化学行为有着较大的差异，三嵌段结构的共聚物较二嵌段者更易于形成胶束体系，而二嵌段共聚物则易于发生凝胶化，对上述结果进行讨论和解释．     

嵌段聚合物胶束的研究进展

综述了近十年来嵌段聚合物在选择性溶剂中形成胶束方面的研究进展。探讨了胶束形成的热力学、动力学、胶束结构的表征方法和流体力学性质。     

嵌段共聚物结晶性胶束

近年来嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中由结晶驱动形成胶束的自组装过程因其较好的可控性逐渐受到人们的关注.本文首先综述了嵌段共聚物结晶性胶束形貌和尺寸的影响因素,包括溶剂环境、共聚物结构、结晶温度等.然后介绍了结晶性胶束的活性生长以及"嵌段共胶束";最后提出了该研究领域目前存在的问题和今后可能的发展方向.     

基于温敏性双亲嵌段共聚物的纳米胶束作为药物载体的研究

温度敏感性双亲嵌段共聚物由于其潜在的应用价值而引起广泛的关注。在药物控制释放领域,基于温敏性嵌段共聚物的纳米胶束作为药物载体显示了诸多特异的性能。在嵌段共聚物中引入具有温度敏感性的链段,使聚合物胶束具备天然被动靶向功能的同时,赋予了其主动靶向给药功能。本文从温度敏感性双亲嵌段共聚物的分子设计、合成、自组装性质和胶束的载药释药行为等方面进行了相关总结。重点介绍了含聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺链段双亲嵌段共聚物的相关研究进展。     

SEP嵌段共聚物胶束化过程的热力学

本文对苯乙烯/氢化异戊二烯(简称SEP)二嵌段共聚物在混合溶剂正辛烷-苯中的胶束化过程作了深入研究, 建立了用小角激光光散射法测定共聚物在有机溶剂中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的方法.研究结果表明, 嵌段共聚物在有机溶剂中的胶束化过程与小分子的表面活性剂在水中的胶束化过程有着明显的不同, 前者是熵减和放热过程。     

ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以α ,α′ 二溴代二甲苯为引发剂 ,CuBr/2 ,2′ 联吡啶为催化体系 ,制备了双溴端基的分子量分布窄的聚苯乙烯 (MWD =1 18) .再以此作为大分子引发剂 ,实现了甲基丙烯酸对硝基苯酯的原子转移自由基聚合 ,制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的ABA型嵌段共聚物 ,再经水解、酸化 ,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸 b 聚苯乙烯 b 聚甲基丙烯酸ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物     

两亲两嵌段共聚物PS-b-PAA合成及其在溶液中的形态和纳米聚集结构形成

采用了ATRP方法合成了由苯乙烯及丙烯酸组成的两亲两嵌段共聚物PS b PAA ,对它们的结构组成进行了详细表征 .用荧光探针方法以二甲基氨基黄酮类化合物为探针测定了这类两亲高分子化合物的类胶束形成时的临界浓度 .并对它们所形成的特殊胶束形态通过电镜观察 ,清楚的看到在纳米线条形成过程中由纳米小球向纳米线的转变     

“双亲性”嵌段共聚物胶束形貌调控的研究*

本文综述了“双亲性”嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中胶束行为和胶束形貌的主要影响因素,包括溶液温度、选择性溶剂种类、嵌段长度、链段结晶、链段与溶剂间氢键作用以及共聚物浓度对胶束最终形貌产生影响的因素;系统介绍了对嵌段共聚物胶束形貌进行调控的实验方法;在此同时介绍了对环境刺激如温度和pH变化等具有响应性能的“双亲性”嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中胶束行为研究的最新进展;最后提出了该研究领域目前存在的问题和今后的可能发展方向。     

Diblock Copolymer Micelles with Ionic Amphiphilic Corona

Summary: Aqueous dispersions of diblock copolymer micelles with homogeneous hydrophobic core (polystyrene) and heterogeneous amphiphilic corona from ionic N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide (EVP) and hydrophobic 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) units have been prepared at pH 9. The structure and dispersion stability of micelles as function of the ratio and distribution pattern of ionic and hydrophobic units in corona have been systematically studied by means of transmission electron microscopy, static and dynamic light scattering, UV-spectrophotometry techniques. It was shown that gradual decrease of the quantity of EVP-units in corona had no impact on micelle structure until its fraction was above 0.7. When EVP-fraction dropped below this point noticeable changes in micelle mass and dimensions were observed. In the case of random distribution of 4VP and EVP units these changes were moderate in value and jump-like in character. In the case of mictoarm (starlike) distribution of 4VP and EVP blocks changes were large in value and monotonous in character. The presented results may be of certain use for design of polymer micelles with nanosegregated corona.     

K+‐Responsive Block Copolymer Micelles for Targeted Intracellular Drug Delivery

In this work, a novel type of block copolymer micelles with K⁺‐responsive characteristics for targeted intracellular drug delivery is developed. The proposed smart micelles are prepared by self‐assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacry‐lamide‐co‐benzo‐18‐crown‐6‐acrylamide) (PEG‐b‐P(NIPAM‐co‐B18C6Am)) block copolymers. Prednisolone acetate (PA) is successfully loaded into the micelles as the model drug, with loading content of 4.7 wt%. The PA‐loaded micelles display a significantly boosted drug release in simulated intracellular fluid with a high K⁺ concentration of 150 × 10⁻³m , as compared with that in simulated extracellular fluid. Moreover, the in vitro cell experiments indicate that the fluorescent molecules encapsulated in the micelles can be delivered and specifically released inside the HSC‐T6 and HepG2 cells responding to the increase of K⁺ concentration in intracellular compartments, which confirms the successful endocytosis and efficient K⁺‐induced intracellular release. Such K⁺‐responsive block copolymer micelles are highly potential as new‐generation of smart nanocarriers for targeted intracellular delivery of drugs.     

Hybrid Compound Block Copolymer Micelles Encapsulating Gold Nanoparticles

We report here on the formation of hybrid compound block copolymer micelles encapsulating gold nanoparticles, utilizing a direct and general preparation method. The giant hybrid compound micelles are structured with micelles of PS‐b‐P2VP with gold nanoparticles in their P2VP core and PI‐b‐PS chains as the outer part of the compound micelles. The gold nanoparticles were produced using gold ion‐loaded PS‐b‐P2VP micelles as a nanoreactor, in a PS selective solvent (toluene), by the subsequent reduction of gold ions. The synthesis of the gold nanoparticles was monitored by UV‐vis spectroscopy. The gold containing micelles were then encapsulated in larger micelles of PI‐b‐PS copolymer, by successive utilization of toluene and heptane with the intermediate evaporation of toluene. The nanoassembly of the compound materials comprised a PI corona and a PS compound core, with P2VP/Au⁰ domains, and was characterized using UV‐vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.

     

Minocycline Block Copolymer Micelles and their Anti‐Inflammatory Effects on Microglia

MH, a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic with promising neuroprotective properties, was encapsulated into PIC micelles of CMD‐PEG as a potential new formulation of MH for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. PIC micelles were prepared by mixing solutions of a Ca²⁺/MH chelate and CMD‐PEG copolymer in a Tris‐HCl buffer. Light scattering and ¹H NMR studies confirmed that Ca²⁺/MH/CMD‐PEG core‐corona micelles form at charge neutrality having a hydrodynamic radius ≈100 nm and incorporating ≈ 50 wt.‐% MH. MH entrapment in the micelles core sustained its release for up to 24 h under physiological conditions. The micelles protected the drug against degradation in aqueous solutions at room temperature and at 37 °C in the presence of FBS. The micelles were stable in aqueous solution for up to one month, after freeze drying and in the presence of FBS and BSA. CMD‐PEG copolymers did not induce cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes and murine microglia (N9) in concentrations as high as 15 mg·mL^?1 after incubation for 24 h. MH micelles were able to reduce the inflammation in murine microglia (N9) activated by LPS. These results strongly suggest that MH PIC micelles can be useful in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.

     

Micelles from amphiphilic block copolyphosphates for drug delivery

Amphiphilic block copolyphosphates (PEP-b-PIPPs) are synthesized by two-step ROP of cyclic phosphate monomers with different pedant groups. They can spontaneously self-assemble into approximately spherical micelles ranging in size between 89 and 198 nm in water. A typical hydrophobic anti-cancer drug DOX is encapsulated into the micelles. The release rate of DOX slows down with increasing hydrophobic block length of PIPP. DOX-loaded micelles are investigated for the proliferation inhibition of Hela cells and the DOX dose required for 50% cellular growth inhibition is found to be 0.8 μg mL(-1). It is demonstrated that PEP-b-PIPP micelles can be used as a safe and promising drug delivery system.     

Hairy Nanospheres by Gelation of Reactive Block Copolymer Micelles

Summary: A novel way to prepare polymer hair/polysilsesquioxane core hybrid nanospheres is presented based on a self‐assembly and gelation process of a reactive block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] (PEO₁₁₃‐b‐PTMSPMA₂₀₆). Nanospheres of uniform size were obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and static light scattering (SLS) were employed to characterize the products.

Schematic of the PEO‐b‐PTMSPMA nanospheres formed here, the light gray part represents the PEO hairs, the dark parts are the polysilsesquioxane from the gelation of the PTMSPMA blocks of the self‐assembled sphere.