超支化聚合物吸附金、铂和钯及化学光谱行为的研究

超支化聚合物在盐酸介质中分离富集金、铂和钯,具有吸附速度快、吸附容量大的特点。将吸附后的树脂灰化,用碳粉、硫酸锶和氧化锆作缓冲剂, 采用发射光谱法同时测定金、铂和钯,选择锆作内标线,直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中,测定简便、快速和准确。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究,以此建立测定金、铂和钯的新方法。金、铂和钯的分析线分别为312.3, 306.5和311.4 nm,内标线选择为310.7 nm的锆,金、铂和钯的线性范围分别为0～0.20%,0～0.40%和0～0.20%。金、铂和钯的检测限分别为0.010%,0.003%和0.003%。用于样品的测定获得了满意结果。     

Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses

The passive and hybrid Q-switching and mode-locking of solid-state lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and gas lasers is reviewed. The dynamics of saturable absorbers and reverse saturable absorbers is illustrated. The nanosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid Q-switching of low-gain active media is described. The picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid mode-locking in low-gain and high-gain active media is analysed. The performance data of passively and hybridly mode-locked cw femtosecond dye lasers are collected. The pulse shortening of ultra-fast pulses with saturable absorbers in intra-cavity and extra-cavity configurations is discussed.     

Yb~(3 )掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃光谱研究

制备了Yb3 掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃 ,以实测的吸收光谱及荧光光谱计算了Yb3 在四磷酸盐玻璃中各光谱性能参数和激光性能参数 ,以荧光捕获效应讨论了倒易法和Fuchtbaucr Ladenbury公式之间的计算差异 .此外 ,还进一步讨论了Yb3 在四磷酸盐玻璃中各性能参数的浓度效应以及OH基对Yb3 发光的影响 .研究表明Yb3 掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃具有相当优良的光谱和激光性能参数 .     

旋涡的场特征与物质性──离散涡方法基础

旋涡的场特征与物质性──离散涡方法基础吴文权（华东工业大学，上海，２０００９３）关键词旋涡动力学，旋涡场性，旋涡物质性众人关注的不稳定、非定常、分离流动无不与旋涡有关。因而对旋涡的研究吸引了人们的注意。尤其是近来非线性科学的发展，提供了新的思想、方法...     

CCD摄像系统镜头的畸变测量

从畸变定义出发,讨论了畸变数学模型,介绍了精密测角法与比长法综合测量畸变的原理。通过放大率法标定出CCD探测器的像素距离当量,通过质心法求出点目标的质心,质心与原点的像素距离乘以像素距离当量得到精确长度。利用正切函数求出绝对畸变值,用最小二乘法解多组数据超定方程,求出拟和公式的系数。实际计算和数据处理结果表明：畸变数学模型在中视场范围内拟合效果很好。     

实时数字图像无损压缩的研究

针对实时数字图像的无损压缩方法进行了分析,采用三级5-3整数提升小波变换,小波变换的高频和低频系数分别采用不同的编码方法。进行了基于DSP和FPGA的压缩系统结构设计,提出了软、硬件并行的方法。进行三级小波变换时,硬件结构能够实现在对当前级小波变换的同时进行前一级小波变换的高频系数编码,提高了压缩系统的实时性。并对压缩系统的关键技术进行了研究。可以对80MB/s的数字图像进行无损压缩,压缩比可以达到1.68~1.8左右。     

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提出了一种用于高功率微波武器的等离子体通道天线(PCA),计算了该天线的辐射方向图。推导出了一般性天线的辐射方向函数;建立了PCA的近似电磁模型;给出了圆坐标系下PCA和周围空气中的电磁场,利用边界条件得出了PCA的色散方程,求出PCA的表面波波矢。重点讨论了PCA的辐射场随等离子体密度、天线长度、半径的变化,证实了PCA方向图的可控性。     

不同季节的虎杖根茎中8种矿质元素的光谱测定

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法,测定虎杖根茎的K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,zn,Mn,Cu等8种矿质元素的含量。对测定条件进行了实验,选择了最佳电离抑制剂和酸性介质。实验以氯化铯为电离抑制剂,盐酸浓度控制在2％以内,用氯化锶消除磷对Ca的干扰,使吸光值稳定,用标准曲线法进行测定,获得了满意效果。该方法简单、快速、准确,加标回收率为90．5％～108．2％,相对偏差为0．3％～0．7％,适合于植物矿质元素的分析。实验结果表明：虎杖根茎中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中以K,Ca元素含量最高。这与虎杖的药用效果相符。同时,每种元素含量随季节变化而变化,与其生长发育密切相关。     

丁二酮肟光度法直接测定镍铬烤瓷合金中镍的研究

探讨了丁二酮肟光度法直接测定镍铬烤瓷合金中镍的可行性。样品经酸完全溶解,镍在氨性介质且有氧化剂（碘）存在时与丁二酮肟显色,测定吸光度结合标准加入法绘制校准曲线,从而直接测定镍含量。样品镍含量的平均值为63.3%,相对标准差为3.6%,加标回收率为91.97%—109.5%。丁二酮肟光度法可直接测定镍铬烤瓷合金中的镍,该方法简便、快速、结果可靠。     

4 MV静电加速器调试中出现的问题及解决方案

 4 MV静电加速器由高压系统、离子源及束流系统、控制系统和气体系统四部分组成。调试中出现了离子源不起弧、加速管破裂、控制系统失灵和输电带输电能力降低等技术问题,分析了出现这些问题的原因,然后分别采取了相应的措施加以解决：变换工作流程,在每次关机前先把引出电压降为零,开机时等离子源起弧后再把引出电压升到预定值;对过渡法兰进行车加工,重新封装;对高压端的控制设备采取屏蔽措施,在输入、输出端使用TVS二极管,对控制软件进行抗干扰设计;对绝缘气体进行循环干燥等。调试出了流强为100 μA、能量在3 MeV以上的稳定质子流。     

Weyl Spinor and Solution of Massless Free Field Equations

The massless field equations for arbitrary spin in curved space-time arereconsidered. The general solution of the field equation in Robertson-Walkerspace-time that was previously determined is briefly discussed after explicitlyshowing that the Weyl spinor vanishes. The case of the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondispace-time is studied in detail. The general expression of the corresponding Weylspinor is obtained and some particular situations exploited. The spin-3/2 andspin-2 massless field equations are solved explicitly. The solutions are simplifiedby the existence of nontrivial algebraic constraints. The angular part of theequations is separated by the usual separation method and integrated directly.The other equations that are not separated in the radial and time dependence arereduced to a simple form. The results obtained are extended, as a consequenceof previous results, to the case of arbitrary spin. The solution of the general caseessentially reduces to the treatment of spin 3/2 and spin 2.     

Effect of couple stresses on transient MHD poiseuille flow

The unsteady laminar flow of an electrically conducting viscous fluid between parallel insulating plates subject to a transverse magnetic field is considered. The plates are fixed and flow is due to a constant pressure gradient. The induced field is taken into account. The fluid is incompressible and of couple stress type. The defining equations are coupled and numerical solutions for different values of couple stress parameter are obtained. The velocity and induced magnetic field profiles are sketched as functions of time, Hartmann number, and magnetic Prandtl number. The velocity decreases with increase in couple stress parameter.     

极坐标激光直写法制作圆对称连续衍射元件掩模的能量表征方法研究

采用激光直写法制作连续衍射光学元件,具有过程简单、周期短、成本低等优点。介绍了极坐标激光直写法制作圆对称连续衍射元件的原理。通过实验,研究了衍射微结构深度与激光功率、曝光位置半径与激光功率的关系。实验结果显示,在相同曝光位置半径条件下,微结构深度与激光功率呈正比;在相同微结构深度条件下,曝光位置半径与激光功率呈正比。分析总结出了极坐标激光直写法制作圆对称连续衍射元件的能量表征方法,并采用该方法成功制作了圆对称连续衍射聚光透镜掩模。     

Nuclear reactions with core excitation

The transition amplitudes for nucleon scattering, stripping, pick-up, and break-up reactions are derived in the framework of a three-body model. The model consists of two nucleons and a core. The core is assumed to have a discret excitation spectrum. The nucleon-core interactions give rise to the excitation and subsequent deexcitation of the core. The energy averaged transition amplitudes are obtained by iteration from Faddeevtype integral equations. The lowest order terms correspond to the DWBA and the higher order terms describe the multistep processes.     

硅衬底上锗硅合金光波导设计及工艺的优化考虑

报道用射频加热化学气相沉积法制备Ｓｉ／ＧｅＳｉ／Ｓｉ大断面单模脊形光波导中设计和工艺的进一步完善，ＧｅＳｉ合金层中Ｇｅ的含量Ｘ要满足脊形光波导是单模，光波导的数值，孔径接近单模光纤值，脊高小于临界厚度值等，计算表明兼顾上述三项要求应取ｘ＝１～３％，脊的高与宽受大断面及单模的制约。Ｓｉ的晶体结构使脊的二个腐蚀侧壁是斜坡，为此起始脊宽取５～６μｍ为宜；腐蚀液，抛光液的选取人保证脊则壁及波导面端的优良镜     

高功率宽谱开关振荡器

采用1/4波长开关同轴谐振器技术路线,开展了高功率宽谱微波产生及耦合输出技术研究。设计振荡器工作在200 MHz,低阻抗1/4波长同轴传输线与传输线一端的环形多通道气体火花开关构成谐振器,耦合器由集中电容和分布电感构成,实现宽谱微波的能量提取。通过数值模拟研究了振荡器的振荡及耦合输出过程,分析了高压脉冲馈入方式、谐振器阻抗特性及开关齿槽结构对环形开关导通特性的影响。数值模拟和实验结果证明,采用直馈方式、高阻结构和齿槽结构有利于形成开关多通道导通,并提高开关导通的稳定性。在输出电压为500 kV的Marx脉冲功率源平台上构建了高功率宽谱微波产生实验装置,实验得到的宽谱微波振荡频率为195 MHz,辐射因子约150 kV,频谱带宽约30%。     

小尾寒羊胴体不同部位矿物元素的比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收法对小尾寒羊胴体不同部位的Ca,Fe,K,Cu,Zn和Mg等矿物元素的含量进行了分析测定。该法的加标回收率为96.9%—104.2%,RSD值小于2.0%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。研究结果表明：小尾寒羊肉中Ca,Fe,K,Zn和Mg含量丰富,颈肉中Ca的含量最高,肋肉和腰肉中Mg的含量较高,心和肝中Fe的含量较高,心和颈肉中Zn的含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨羊肉中矿物元素的含量与其代谢调节功效的相关性提供科学依据。     

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) and its bearing on the phylogeny of Auchenorrhyncha

The ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of the leafhopper Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoon is composed of a head containing an acrosome and an elongated nucleus, and a long tail, which consists of a flagellum. The acrosome is conical and invaginated to form a subacrosomal space, and the acrosomal contents are filled with electron-dense tubular substructures. The nucleus is linear and filled with homogeneously condensed chromatin. The centriolar adjunct is parallel to the nucleus and connects the nucleus with the mid-piece/flagellum. The flagellum is formed by a 9+9+2 axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies. The mitochondrial derivatives with an orderly array of peripheral cristae are symmetrical. The accessory bodies are small and slightly elliptical. The end of the axoneme shows progressive loss of microtubules. Comparison of sperm ultrastructure of C. viridis with those of other Auchenorrhyncha families supports the major relationships within Cicadomorpha as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea)).     

静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统

针对传统光谱偏振成像系统普遍存在的系统结构复杂、需要动态调制、光通量低等问题,提出一种基于静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统,将静态调制偏振探测方法与Savart偏光镜干涉成像原理相结合,可在成像过程中实时获取目标的光谱信息和全部四个Stokes偏振信息。与传统系统相比较,该系统具有无运动部件、无需动态电控调制、没狭缝限制、光通量大等优点。介绍了系统组成和基本原理,搭建了实验装置,实验装置包括二次成像光学系统、偏振调制模块、干涉成像模块、CCD图像采集及数据处理模块等,成像谱段范围为可见光近红外(480~950 nm)。利用实验装置对白板、飞机玩具模型进行了成像实验,验证了该系统的光谱偏振成像数据获取能力。对静态调制的偏振测量精度进行了验证,偏振测量统计误差小于5%。实验结果验证了系统原理的正确性和可行性,获取的光谱偏振成像数据在目标识别、目标分类、遥感探测等方面具有较高的应用价值。     

三维Laplace方程及Poisson方程的有限分析解表达式和它的应用

本文给出三维Laplace方程及Poisson方程有限分析解的正确系数值,并与陈景仁^[1]给出的系数值进行了比较。给出了三维Laplace方程的有限分解表达式。利用本文的系数值求解热传导问題的算例,与用边界单元法^[6]结果相比,基本一致,但程序编制和花费机时却节省很多。