Local “superlinearity” and “sublinearity” for the p-Laplacian

We study the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a family of problems −Δpu=fλ(x,u), , where Ω is a bounded domain in RN, N>p, and λ>0 is a parameter. The family we consider includes the well-known nonlinearities of Ambrosetti-Brezis-Cerami type in a more general form, namely λa(x)uq+b(x)ur, where 0?q<p−1<r?p^∗−1. Here the coefficient a(x) is assumed to be nonnegative but b(x) is allowed to change sign, even in the critical case. Preliminary results of independent interest include the extension to the p-Laplacian context of the Brezis-Nirenberg result on local minimization in and , a C1,α estimate for equations of the form −Δpu=h(x,u) with h of critical growth, a strong comparison result for the p-Laplacian, and a variational approach to the method of upper-lower solutions for the p-Laplacian.     

Hyperbolic conservation laws with nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear dispersion

We study scalar conservation laws with nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear dispersion terms (any ??1), the flux function f(u) being mth order growth at infinity. It is shown that if ε, δ=δ(ε) tend to 0, then the sequence {uε} of the smooth solutions converges to the unique entropy solution u∈L^∞(0,T_∗;Lq(R)) to the conservation law ut+fx(u)=0 in . The proof relies on the methods of compensated compactness, Young measures and entropy measure-valued solutions. Some new a priori estimates are carried out. In particular, our result includes the convergence result by Schonbek when b(λ)=λ, ?=1 and LeFloch and Natalini when ?=1.     

Stable transition layers in a semilinear diffusion equation with spatial inhomogeneities in N-dimensional domains

We prove existence and establish the asymptotic behavior, as ε→0, of stable stationary solutions to the equation u_t=ε∇·[d(x)∇u]+(1−u²)[u−a(x)], for , where , N?2, with Neumann boundary condition. The function a(x)∈C0,ν(Ω) satisfies −1<a(x)<1 and vanishes on some hypersurfaces. The results generalize to N-dimensional domains and to variable diffusivity earlier paper by Angenent et al. (J. Differential Equations 67 (1987) 212).     

Existence of solutions for some discrete boundary value problems with a parameter

In this paper, the existence and multiplicity results of solutions are obtained for the discrete nonlinear two point boundary value problem (BVP) ; u(0)=0=Δu(T), where T is a positive integer, Z(1,T)={1,2,…,T}, Δ is the forward difference operator defined by Δu(k)=u(k+1)-u(k) and f:Z(1,T)×R→R is continuous, λ∈R⁺ is a parameter. By using the critical point theory and Morse theory, we obtain that the above (BVP) has solutions for λ being in some different intervals.     

The spectral bounds of the discrete Schrödinger operator

Let H(λ)=−Δ+λb be a discrete Schrödinger operator on ?²(Zd) with a potential b and a non-negative coupling constant λ. When b≡0, it is well known that σ(−Δ)=[0,4d]. When b?0, let and be the bounds of the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator. One of the aims of this paper is to study the influence of the potential b on the bounds 0 and 4d of the spectrum of −Δ. More precisely, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the potential b such that s(−Δ+λb) is strictly positive for λ small enough. We obtain a similar necessary and sufficient condition on the potential b such that M(−Δ+λb) is lower than 4d for λ small enough. In dimensions d=1 and d=2, the situation is more precise. The following result was proved by Killip and Simon (2003) (for d=1) in [5], then by Damanik et al. (2003) (for d=1 and d=2) in [3]:

     

A priori bounds and complete blow-up of positive solutions of indefinite superlinear parabolic problems

We study a priori estimates of positive solutions of the equation t_∂u−Δu=λu+a(x)up, x∈Ω, t>0, satisfying the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Here Ω is a bounded domain in Rn, λ∈R, p>1 is subcritical, changes sign and a,p satisfy some additional technical hypotheses. Assume that the solution u blows up in a finite time T and the set is connected. Using our a priori bounds, we show that u blows up completely in Ω⁺ at t=T and the blow-up time T depends continuously on the initial data.     

Multiple positive and 2-nodal symmetric solutions of elliptic problems with critical nonlinearity

We consider the problem −Δu+a(x)u=f(x)|u|^2*−2u in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in RN, N?4, is the critical Sobolev exponent, and a,f are continuous functions. We assume that Ω, a and f are invariant under the action of a group of orthogonal transformations. We obtain multiplicity results which contain information about the symmetry and symmetry-breaking properties of the solutions, and about their nodal domains. Our results include new multiplicity results for the Brezis-Nirenberg problem −Δu+λu=|u|^2*−2u in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω.     

Blowing up solutions for an elliptic Neumann problem with sub- or supercritical nonlinearity Part I: N=3

We consider the sub- or supercritical Neumann elliptic problem −Δu+μu=u^5+ε, u>0 in Ω; on ∂Ω, Ω being a smooth bounded domain in , μ>0 and ε≠0 a small number. H_μ denoting the regular part of the Green's function of the operator −Δ+μ in Ω with Neumann boundary conditions, and , we show that a nontrivial relative homology between the level sets ?_μ^c and ?_μ^b, b<c<0, induces the existence, for ε>0 small enough, of a solution to the problem, which blows up as ε goes to zero at a point a∈Ω such that b??_μ(a)?c. The same result holds, for ε<0, assuming that 0<b<c. It is shown that, (resp. >0) for μ small (resp. large) enough, providing us with cases where the above assumptions are satisfied.     

A unique solution to a nonlinear elliptic equation

The purpose of this paper is to prove the existence of a unique, classical solution to the nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation −∇⋅(a(u(x))∇u(x))=f(x) under periodic boundary conditions, where u(x₀)=u₀ at x₀∈Ω, with Ω=TN, the N-dimensional torus, and N=2,3. The function a is assumed to be smooth, and a(u(x))>0 for , where G⊂R is a bounded interval. We prove that if the functions f and a satisfy certain conditions, then a unique classical solution u exists. The range of the solution u is a subset of a specified interval . Applications of this work include stationary heat/diffusion problems with a source/sink, where the value of the solution is known at a spatial location x₀.     

The exact asymptotic behaviour of the unique solution to a singular nonlinear Dirichlet problem

By Karamata regular varying theory, a perturbed argument and constructing comparison functions, we show the exact asymptotic behaviour of the unique solution near the boundary to a singular Dirichlet problem −Δu=b(x)g(u)+λf(u), u>0, x∈Ω, u_|∂Ω=0, which is independent on λf(u), and we also show the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem, where Ω is a bounded domain with smooth boundary in RN, λ>0, g∈C¹((0,∞),(0,∞)) and there exists γ>1 such that , ∀ξ>0, , the function is decreasing on (0,∞) for some s₀>0, and b is nonnegative nontrivial on Ω, which may be vanishing on the boundary.     

On an eigenvalue problem involving variable exponent growth conditions

We study the problem in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in R^N, is a continuous function and λ and ε are two positive constants. We prove that for any ε>0 each λ∈(0,λ₁) is an eigenvalue of the above problem, where λ₁ is the principal eigenvalue of the Laplace operator on Ω. Moreover, for each eigenvalue λ∈(0,λ₁) it corresponds a unique eigenfunction. The proofs will be based on the Banach fixed point theorem combined with adequate variational techniques.     

An elliptic system with bifurcation parameters on the boundary conditions

In this paper we consider the elliptic system Δu=a(x)upvq, Δv=b(x)urvs in Ω, a smooth bounded domain, with boundary conditions , on ∂Ω. Here λ and μ are regarded as parameters and p,s>1, q,r>0 verify (p−1)(s−1)>qr. We consider the case where a(x)?0 in Ω and a(x) is allowed to vanish in an interior subdomain Ω₀, while b(x)>0 in . Our main results include existence of nonnegative nontrivial solutions in the range 0<λ<λ₁?∞, μ>0, where λ₁ is characterized by means of an eigenvalue problem, and the uniqueness of such solutions. We also study their asymptotic behavior in all possible cases: as both λ,μ→0, as λ→λ₁<∞ for fixed μ (respectively μ→∞ for fixed λ) and when both λ,μ→∞ in case λ₁=∞.     

Pullback attractors for a class of non-autonomous nonclassical diffusion equations

We consider the first initial boundary value problem for the non-autonomous nonclassical diffusion equation u_t−εΔu_t−Δu+f(u)=g(t), ε∈[0,1], in a bounded domain in R^N. Under a Sobolev growth rate of the nonlinearity f and a suitable exponential growth of the external force g, using the asymptotic a priori estimate method, we prove the existence of pullback D-attractors in the space and the upper semicontinuity of at ε=0.     

Global and periodic solutions for nonlinear wave equations with some localized nonlinear dissipation

We discuss the existence of global or periodic solutions to the nonlinear wave equation with the boundary condition , where Ω is a bounded domain in R^N,ρ(x,v) is a function like ρ(x,v)=a(x)g(v) with g′(v)?0 and β(x,u) is a source term of power nonlinearity. a(x) is assumed to be positive only in a neighborhood of a part of the boundary ∂Ω and the stability property is very delicate, which makes the problem interesting.     

Realization of prescribed patterns in the competition model

We demonstrate that for any prescribed set of finitely many disjoint closed subdomains D₁,…,D_m of a given spatial domain Ω in R^N, if d₁,d₂,a₁,a₂,c,d,e are positive continuous functions on Ω and b(x) is identically zero on D?D₁∪?∪D_m and positive in the rest of Ω, then for suitable choices of the parameters λ, μ and all small ε>0, the competition model

     

The heat equation with singular nonlinearity and singular initial data

We study the existence, uniqueness and regularity of positive solutions of the parabolic equation ut−Δu=a(x)uq+b(x)up in a bounded domain and with Dirichlet's condition on the boundary. We consider here a∈Lα(Ω), b∈Lβ(Ω) and 0<q?1<p. The initial data u(0)=u₀ is considered in the space Lr(Ω), r?1. In the main result (0<q<1), we assume a,b?0 a.e. in Ω and we assume that u₀?γdΩ for some γ>0. We find a unique solution in the space .     

Positive solutions for some Schrödinger equations having partially periodic potentials

This paper is concerned with the problem of finding positive solutions of the equation −Δu+(a_∞+a(x))u=|u|^q−2u, where q is subcritical, Ω is either RN or an unbounded domain which is periodic in the first p coordinates and whose complement is contained in a cylinder , a_∞>0, a∈C(RN,R) is periodic in the first p coordinates, infx∈RN(a_∞+a(x))>0 and a(x^′,x^″)→0 as |x^″|→∞ uniformly in x^′. The cases a?0 and a?0 are considered and it is shown that, under appropriate assumptions on a, the problem has one solution in the first case and p+1 solutions in the second case when p?N−2.     

Totally hereditarily normaloid operators and Weyl's theorem for an elementary operator

A Hilbert space operator T∈B(H) is hereditarily normaloid (notation: T∈HN) if every part of T is normaloid. An operator T∈HN is totally hereditarily normaloid (notation: T∈THN) if every invertible part of T is normaloid. We prove that THN-operators with Bishop's property (β), also THN-contractions with a compact defect operator such that and non-zero isolated eigenvalues of T are normal, are not supercyclic. Take A and B in THN and let dAB denote either of the elementary operators in B(B(H)): ΔAB and δAB, where ΔAB(X)=AXB−X and δAB(X)=AX−XB. We prove that if non-zero isolated eigenvalues of A and B are normal and , then dAB is an isoloid operator such that the quasi-nilpotent part H₀(dAB−λ) of dAB−λ equals ⁻¹(dAB−λ)(0) for every complex number λ which is isolated in σ(dAB). If, additionally, dAB has the single-valued extension property at all points not in the Weyl spectrum of dAB, then dAB, and the conjugate operator , satisfy Weyl's theorem.     

An even-order three-point boundary value problem on time scales

We study the even-order dynamic equation (−1)ⁿx^(Δ∇)n(t)=λh(t)f(x(t)), t∈[a,c] satisfying the boundary conditions x^(Δ∇)i(a)=0 and x^(Δ∇)i(c)=βx^(Δ∇)i(b) for 0?i?n−1. The three points a,b,c are from a time scale , where 0<β(b−a)<c−a for b∈(a,c), β>0, f is a positive function, and h is a nonnegative function that is allowed to vanish on some subintervals of [a,c] of the time scale.