一种可自动改变力矩方向的课堂角动量定理演示实验

给出了高速自转陀螺在连续周期性外力矩作用及力矩突变下的运动规律演示,实现了力矩可自动改变方向的角动量运动规律演示实验,还给出了在理论上角动量n次变化率不为零的一种实例演示．     

光纤陀螺—一种新型的全固态惯性仪表

光纤陀螺（FOG）是一种以Sagnac效应为基础的新型惯性器件。自1976年美国犹他州立大学Vali和Shorthill教授在实验室里演示了第一台光纤陀螺样机以来,光纤陀螺以其诸多优势和广阔的应用前景受到世界各国尤其是军方的关注,并获得了迅速发展。本文内容主要分为两部分,第一概述了光纤陀螺的技术优势,以及国内外的研制现状和发展趋势;第二部分报道了我们研制的FOG－M01型中等精度的全数字闭环光纤陀螺仪,详细介绍了其系统组成、工作原理和设计特点,并给出了相应的测试数据。     

大型组合式演示回转仪

常州奔牛实验仪器厂生产的大型组合式演示回转仪,是由衡体回转仪,轴式回转仪,茹可夫斯基凳组合而成,如实验照(二)所示,它的特点是大型、直观,能见度好,演示效果明显,根据实验内容的不同要求,可以简便拆换.由于三角支架上装有滚轮,因而运行方便.是中等专业学校,大专院校物理教学演示回转体(陀螺)运动规律的教具.它能有效地演示陀螺的定向,进动,章动,以及动量矩守恒实验.也能半定量地演示理论力学中陀螺的细致运动规律.一、回转仪的结构 仪器利用26英寸自行车轮作为回转仪的惯性轮(7)与球轴(8),平衡杆(10),平衡陀(1),细调平衡陀(4),轴承(9),三…     

对陀螺进动中一个奇异现象的分析

 陀螺进动是验证角动量定理的典型演示实验.在大学物理课的教学中,结合教学内容,让学生观察和分析陀螺进动现象,就会使物理教学生动、直观、有趣,收到良好的教学效果.     

用CCD成像方法辅助课堂演示实验

介绍了一种CCD成像方法,该方法可以实时地对较小的演示现象成像,并在大屏幕上即时展示出来.该方法可以把较大的演示教具做得较小,更便于制作、携带和存放,同时可以将原来不适合做课堂演示的实验内容扩展到课堂演示内容中,可以增加演示内容.本文以陀螺演示实验、激光光源测量普朗克常量实验及放大演示结构性演示教具实验为例,详细介绍了CCD成像法的应用.     

陀螺三色板小实验的改进

初中物理第二册第31页有一个用陀螺三色板演示白光的合成的小实验。学生自制陀螺三色板做实验后,我们发现如下问题:1.学生旋转陀螺的技术不易掌握,若制得不合要求陀螺就旋转不起来;2.陀螺底部若制成尖头,那么陀螺着地点总固定在一点,当陀螺轴有点倾斜时,就会产生进动,随着进动的加剧而越来越倾斜,不一会儿就触地停止;3.陀螺底部若制成圆头时,着地点在不断地移动,若着地表面不平滑,陀螺就会触地停止。学生针对上述问题,对这个小实验进行了改进,现介绍如下。     

激光陀螺噪音特性试验研究

给出了激光陀螺噪音分析方法及噪音模型,据此模型比较研究了四种激光陀螺在不同解调方案下噪音组成分量之间的关系;理论分析了激光陀螺噪音分量的特性和引起该噪音分量的因素,给出了典型的试验数据和曲线.研究结果表明,该模型不但可以用于对激光陀螺的随机游走系数的估计.而且,该模型的其他系数可以用于研究陀螺的量化和解调误差,也能用于评估陀螺输出的速率噪音.     

Lagrange系统在施加陀螺力后的对称性

研究Lagrange系统在施加陀螺力后的Noether对称性与Lie对称性.给出系统在施加陀螺力后 ，可保持其Noether对称性与Noether守恒量的条件.给出系统在施加陀螺力后，可保持其Lie 对称性与Hojman守恒量的条件.最后，举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： Lagrange系统 陀螺力 对称性 守恒量     

基于解析结果的拉格朗日陀螺运动特性分析

本文建立拉格朗日陀螺运动方程的解析方法.导出拉格朗日陀螺做规则进动的条件,用级数展开技术得到规则进动附近的小角度章动和进动的解析解.给出陀螺自转轴运动的简明图像,即重力引起绕竖直轴的规则进动和无重力的自由进动的叠加.利用解析结果对陀螺不倒之谜给出解释.     

电磁感应摆与电磁感应陀螺

根据电磁感应定律和简单的电子线路设计的电磁感应摆与电磁感应陀螺,是一个有趣的演示实验。本文介绍了这两种装置的结构和工作原理。     

Measuring transport current loss of BSCCO/Ag tapes exposed to external AC magnetic field

BSCCO/Ag tape superconductors are developed for electrical power applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures. In these applications, e.g., superconducting transformers and power cables, an AC transport current and an AC magnetic field are present at the same time. A set-up to measure the influence of external AC magnetic field on the transport current loss, i.e., the voltage drop across a sample supplied with an AC transport current, has been developed. The magnetic field can be applied both parallel and perpendicular to the broad side of the tape conductor. An increase of the transport current loss due to the external AC magnetic field is observed. When a DC external magnetic field is applied the increase of the self-field loss can be described well by the decrease of the critical current due to the magnetic field. In the case of an AC external magnetic field this is only a minor effect. For magnetic field amplitudes higher than a certain threshold value the transport current loss is described reasonably well by the self-field loss and a dynamic resistance contribution calculated from the DC voltage–current relation in AC magnetic field.     

Calculation of critical states of superconducting multilayers based on numerical solution of the Ginzburg-Landau equations for superconducting plates

Numerical methods are used to analyze the Ginzburg-Landau equations for a superconducting plate carrying transport current in a magnetic field. Critical current is calculated as a function of the applied magnetic field strength for superconducting plates with different thicknesses. The relations between the field dependence of critical current and the distributions of order parameter, magnetic field, and supercurrent in a plate are analyzed. The field-dependent critical currents computed for plates are used to determine the critical current as a function of the applied magnetic field strength and local magnetic field and current distributions for multilayers in parallel magnetic fields. The constituent superconducting layers are assumed to interact only via magnetic field. A simple method is proposed for analyzing the critical states of multilayers in magnetic fields of arbitrary strength, based on elementary transformations of the critical current-density distribution over individual layers in zero applied magnetic field. The method can be used to analyze experimental results.     

磁场对球头阴极二极管特性的影响

 采用全电磁PIC粒子模拟方法研究了磁场对球头阴极二极管物理特性的影响。结果表明外加磁场主要是通过对二极管束流轨迹的改变来影响二极管的物理特性。由于外加磁场将约束其产生电子束的发散，结果使其空间电荷限制电流减小，其值在无外加磁场并且自磁场可以忽略时的空间电荷限制电流值的0.5~1倍范围内。当外加磁场足够强时，束流轨迹主要受外加磁场控制，二极管产生的电子束既不箍缩也不发散。强外加磁场条件下的空间电荷限制电流近似为无外加磁场时的一半；在无外加磁场条件下，在阳极处的束流半径随二极管电压电流的增大而减小，空间电荷限制电流增强因子随束流半径的减小而减小，随二极管电压电流增大而减小。这一系列结果是在二极管电流小于其自箍缩临界电流条件下得到的。     

线电流与无限长磁介质圆柱系统的磁矢势的计算及讨论

用镜象电流法和分离变量法计算了线电流与无限长磁介质圆柱系统的磁矢势,指出线电流与无限大磁介质分界平面、线电流与超导体圆柱、均匀外磁场中有磁介质圆柱系统时的磁矢势都可以由线电流与磁介质圆柱系统的磁矢势的极限情形给出.     

MFCG 2维磁流体力学程序中磁场计算的改进

 定子线圈中的电流在空间中产生的磁场是金属导体（套筒）膨胀压缩的主要对象，该磁场直接影响爆磁压缩发生器输出电流脉冲的大小。给出了面电流分布下2维磁场的计算公式，较点电流分布下的磁场公式更能细致准确地反映出磁场的变化。数值结果表明:面电流分布下的磁场公式不仅能准确地描述磁场的变化，而且计算效率大大提高，节约了计算时间。     

磁过滤器电流对非晶碳薄膜摩擦学特性影响的研究

研究了过滤阴极真空电弧技术中,不同的磁过滤器电流下(5—13 A),制备的四面体非晶碳(ta-C)薄膜对摩擦学特性的影响.通过对薄膜厚度,薄膜结构以及薄膜表面粗糙度随磁过滤电流的变化结果进行了测试,结果表明,随着磁过滤器电流的增大,薄膜的sp³键含量逐渐减少,表面粗糙度从0.13增大到0.38.磁过滤器电流在5 A时,薄膜的摩擦系数最小约为0.08,当电流增大到7 A时,摩擦系数显著增大,磁过滤器电流从7 A增大到13 A时,薄膜的摩擦系数再次减小约为0.1. 关键词： 四面体非晶碳 过滤阴极真空电弧 磁过滤器电流 摩擦系数     

On the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on oscillatory characteristics of a subnormal region in discharge in argon

Oscillating nature of current pulses under d.c. excitation in subnormal region with longitudinal magnetic field at pressure range 0.20 torr to 0.85 torr have been studied. The frequency, bandwidth, peak-peak voltage, cut-off current and rise time of the current pulses have been observed with pressure, average tube current and magnetic field. A study of these oscillograms in magnetic field, average tube current and pressure are presented. The probable mechanism for the generation of oscillation based on space-charge field modification with magnetic field is discussed     

Effect of longitudinal applied magnetic field on the self-pinched critical current in intense electron beam diode

The effect of applied longitudinal magnetic field on the self-pinched critical current in the intense electron beam diode is discussed. The self-pinched critical current is derived and its validity is tested by numerical simulations. The results shows that an applied longitudinal magnetic field tends to increase the self-pinched critical current. Without the effect of anode plasma, the maximal diode current approximately equals the self-pinched critical current with the longitudinal magnetic field applied; when self-pinched occurs, the diode current approaches the self-pinched critical current.     

Pattern of the induced magnetic field in high-temperature superconducting ceramics

Our experiments performed earlier have shown that, when an external magnetic field is absent, the transport critical current in 3-d superconducting ceramics is a homogeneous function of the sample transverse sizes. The transport critical current density and magnetic field induced by the current are homogeneous functions of a point on the sample cross-section. Using these experimental results equations describing the induced magnetic field pattern in ceramic sample have been derived. The distributions of the transport critical current density and induced magnetic field in the samples having polygonal, diamond-shaped cross-sections illustrate the results.     

用毕－萨定律计算圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场

用毕－萨定律计算了分布在圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场,从而证实了：１）在似稳条件下磁场完全是由传导电流产生的,“位移电流”的磁场为零;２）极板电流在电路容器内部产生的磁场很大,它极大地的削弱了馈线电流的磁场,使得电容器内部的磁场很小．