用辐射交联方法估算聚合物的分子链内旋转位阻因子

作为一种结构参数,聚合物的分子链内旋转位阻因子可表征聚合物分子链的柔顺性,并与聚合物的许多物理性质相关联。过去实验事实表明,聚合物的辐射交联行为与其分子链柔顺性密切相关。本工作从这一结论出发,研究聚合物的分子链内旋转让阻因子(σ)与其交联参数β之间的关系,为估算聚合物σ值提供一种新方法。     

无定形1,2-聚丁二烯的分子链结构与分子链的相互作用

本工作用聚合物玻璃化转变温度,内聚能密度和分子链内旋转势垒及异构化能表征分子链的相互作用;提出了在混合溶剂中用特性粘数法测定内聚能密度,和从聚合物玻璃化转变时的自由体积及稀溶液性质计算分子链内旋转参数等方法。     

聚合物分子链的横截面积与分子链的运动

本文把单个分子链的横截面积与聚合物的玻璃化转变温度联系起来,发现对于所讨论的聚合物,考虑了分子链间的相互作用以后,上面二者之间有一一对应的关系。认为单个分子链的横截面积与聚合物分子链柔顺性有关。同时采用文献[17]的方法,得到了1,2-聚丁二烯的分子链的内旋转异构化能,比较所得结果,证实了上面的看法。     

一种新型间位聚芳醚酮的晶体结构

聚醚醚酮 (PEEK)自英国 ICI公司开发并工业化以来 ,由于其优异的性能已在机械、航天等领域得到广泛应用 .但 PEEK的 Tg 只有 41 6K,影响了使用范围 .因此其它聚芳醚酮类聚合物相继被开发出来 .但这些聚芳醚酮的主链结构大都为全对位连接 ,使其熔点较高以至加工难度增大 .如果在聚合物主链结构中引入间位结构 ,则可在对玻璃化转变温度影响较小的情况下降低熔点来改善加工条件[1,2 ] .新型间位聚醚酮醚酮酮 (PEKEKm K)是其中一种 ,其玻璃化转变温度 Tg 为 41 7K,Tm 为 5 82 K.无论熔体结晶、冷结晶和溶剂诱变结晶 ,PEKEKm K都只出…     

丁基橡胶阻尼材料相容性的DSC与DMA研究

高聚物力学阻尼材料是一种能消除振动和噪声以聚合物为基质的功能材料。当聚合物处于玻璃化转变温度(Tg)区域时,其链段运动不能完全跟上振动的速度而产生分子链内摩擦,吸收一部分振动能,再以“热”的形式而耗散,这样就起到减少振幅或降低振幅的作用。     

含氟聚甲基丙烯酸酯/聚异丁烯嵌段共聚物的成膜性质研究

利用氧负离子聚合方法制备含氟聚异丁烯三嵌段共聚物,聚异丁烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟)戊酯(PIB-b-PDMAEMA-b-POFPMA),对PIB60-bPDMAEMA63-b-POFPMA11的物理化学性质和成膜性能进行了研究.利用1H-NMR和GPC表征了聚合物的化学结构、分子量及分子量分布;通过TGA和DSC测试了聚合物的热分解温度与玻璃化转变温度(Tg).实验结果表明,PIB60以及PDMAEMA63的Tg分别为-61℃和5℃,PIB60-b-PDMAEMA63在-4℃左右存在一个Tg,而PIB60-b-PDMAEMA63-b-POFPMA11不仅在-4℃存在玻璃化转变,而且在26℃存在另一个玻璃化转变,对应于POFPMA嵌段的Tg.将聚合物制成薄膜,通过接触角测试发现聚合物薄膜具有一定的疏水疏油性质.根据Owens-Wendt公式计算了聚合物薄膜的自由能、分散能和极性能.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了聚合物中含氟嵌段向薄膜表面迁移富集和堆积结构,结果显示,在退火之后,含氟嵌段向薄膜的表面迁移、富集,并在表面排列形成双层堆积结构.     

关于影响高分子材料玻璃化转变温度因素的教学分析

从《高分子物理》考试试题实例出发,抓住聚合物材料的"结构决定性能,并最终决定用途"这条主线,详述了链结构因素(主链和取代基)和分子间作用力对聚合物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的影响,并结合不同高分子材料的用途进行分析,使学生真切了解到材料结构与性能及用途之间的关系。这种理论联系实际的案例教学法有利于加深学生对高分子材料的感性认识,引发学生学习的广泛兴趣,促使教师进行自我教育和提高业务水平,从而取得良好的教学效果。     

新型含环氧端基聚芳醚酮的合成及表征

以 4,4′ 二氟二苯酮和 4 (4 羟基苯基 ) 2 ,3 二氮杂萘 1 酮经亲核取代逐步聚合制得含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚酮低聚物 ,再与环氧氯丙烷反应制得了所需分子量的含环氧端基的聚芳醚酮 (E PPEK) .用FT IR和1H NMR表征了分子链结构 ,并测定了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg 和溶解性 .     

1,2-聚丁二烯分子链的结构和内旋转运动

实验订定了1,2-链节含量分别为8％,30％和90％的1,2-聚丁二烯在30℃甲苯溶液中的Mark-Houwink方程[η]=KM~(?)。发现不同样品的α值基本相同,而K值确实随1,2-链节含量的增加而减小,说明溶液中分子链线团变得紧密了。用线膨胀法和Stockmayer-Fixman方程及分子链的统计力学方法,分别得到了样品的玻璃化温度T_g,和它们的分子链内旋转空间位阻因子σ。它们二者符合T_g=A(σ—b),其中A=174(K),b=0.68。反映了1,2-链节对分子链内旋转的阻碍作用。进一步的研究表明,低1,2-链节含量对应着较低的分子链内旋转势垒和内旋转异构化能。     

聚醚砜醚酮的合成与性能

以4,4′-二羟基二苯砜和4,4′-二氟二苯酮为单体, 通过溶液缩聚合成了聚醚砜醚酮(PESEK), 其分子结构相当于聚醚砜(PES)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的交替共聚物. 在共聚物分子中, 存在砜基、醚基和酮基, 整个结构单元形成了大共轭体系, 聚合物属无定形聚合物, 玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为198 ℃, 介于PEEK和PES的Tg之间, 其热稳定性和加工性能优于PES, 而力学性能与PES接近.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the glass transition temperature of fullerene filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene nanocomposites

t In this work,the effect of the fullerene (C60) weight fraction and PB-C60 interaction on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer chains has been systemically investigated by adopting the united atom model of cis-1,4-poly(butadiene) (cis-PB).Various chain dynamics properties,such as atom translational mobility,bond/segment reorientation dynamics,torsional dynamics,conformational transition rate and dynamic heterogeneity of the cis-PB chains,are analyzed in detail.It is found that Tg could be affected by the C60 weight fraction due to its inhibition effect on the mobility of the cis-PB chains.However,Tg is different,which depends on different dynamics scales.Among the chain dynamics properties,Tg is the lowest from atom translational mobility,while it is the highest from the dynamic heterogeneity.In addition,Tg can be more clearly distinguished from the dynamic heterogeneity;however,the conformational transition rate seems to be not very sensitive to the C60 weight fraction compared with others.For pure cis-PB chains,Tg and the activation energy in this work can be compared with those of other polymers.In addition,the temperature dependence of the dynamic properties has different Arrhenius behaviors above and below Tg.The activation energy below Tg is lower than that above Tg.This work can help to understand the effect of the C60 on the dynamic properties and glass transition temperature of the cis-PB chains from different scales.     

聚丙烯酸酯类Tg的量子化学-神经网络研究

用密度泛函方法在6-31G(d)基组上优化了38种聚丙烯酸酯类的结构单元, 得到了其单元的量子化学参数, 探讨了这些参数与聚丙烯酸酯类玻璃化温度(Tg)的关系. 计算表明, 影响聚丙烯酸酯类Tg的主要因素有结构单元的侧链长度、侧链的分支数、最高占据轨道能级、极化率、偶极矩、等体积热容和热力学能等参数. 用模式识别方法(偏最小二乘法)讨论了这些参数与Tg的定性关系, 两类Tg大小不同的聚合物基本分布在不同区域, 用逐步回归和人工神经网络方法建立了这些参数与Tg的定量关系, 2种方法的预测结果与实验值的相关系数分别为0.9753、0.9985, 标准偏差分别为18.42、4.25, 预报结果与实验值基本一致.     

磺化丁基橡胶离聚体及其共混物的动态力学性质

<正> 含10％摩尔以下的离子且主链为柔性的离聚体是一种热塑性弹性体。在动态力学性质方面呈现特殊的行为,表现在贮能模量(1gE′)与温度的关系中有橡胶态平台出现。最早Otocka等指出,(丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸)共聚物无橡胶态平台,经金属离子中和后产生橡胶态平台,且E′增加。Agarwal,Makowski等则报道磺化乙丙胶离聚体的橡胶态平台随离子含量提高而加宽,随硬脂酸锌的加入而缩短。Fitzgerald及Weisst结合X-射线小角散射研究了甘油及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯对磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体的动态力学性质的影响。     

线性脂环族聚酰胺化学结构对其力学和光学性能的影响

以重复单元结构不同的3种线性脂环族聚酰胺(LATPA)材料为研究对象,通过核磁共振谱、红外光谱、热分析、X射线衍射等技术,研究了链结构单元的侧基、端基对材料聚集态结构的影响,并对比研究了不同聚集态结构材料的宏观力学性能和光学透明性差异,建立了链结构、聚集态结构与力学性能、光学性能的关系.研究发现,侧基带来的大空间位阻降...     

Nanoparticle Dispersion and Glass Transition Behavior of Polyimide-grafted Silica Nanocomposites

How to control the spatial distribution of nanoparticles to meet different performance requirements is a constant challenge in the field of polymer nanocomposites.Current studies have been focused on the flexible polymer chain systems.In this study,the rigid polyimide(PI) chain grafted silica particles with different grafting chain lengths and grafting densities were prepared by "grafting to" method,and the influence of polymerization degree of grafted chains(N),matrix chains(P),and grafting density(a) on the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in the PI matrix was explored.The glass transition temperature(Tg) of PI composites was systematically investigated as well.The results show that silica particles are well dispersed in polyamic acid composite systems,while aggregation and small clusters appear in PI nanocomposites after thermal imidization.Besides,the particle size has no impact on the spatial distribution of nanoparticles.When σ·N0.5<<(N/P)2,the grafted and matrix chains interpenetrate,and the frictional resistance of the segment increases,resulting in restricted relaxation kinetics and Tg increase of the PI composite system.In addition,smaller particle size and longer grafted chains are beneficial to improving Tg of composites These results are all propitious to complete the microstructure control theory of nanocomposites and make a theoretical foundation for the high performance and multi-function of PI nanocomposites.     

N-烷基壳聚糖玻璃化转变温度的研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热释电流(TSC)法研究了N-烷基壳聚糖的玻璃化转变行为. DSC法中采用二次扫描以消除溶剂和热历史的影响, 并利用物理老化方法来增强N-烷基壳聚糖在DSC曲线上的玻璃化转变区域的热焓吸热峰, 以克服DSC法的不灵敏性. 两种研究方法的结果一致表明, 三种N-烷基壳聚糖的玻璃化转变均发生在110～150 ℃温区内；取代的柔性烷基越大, 玻璃化转变温度(Tg)越低；但N-甲基壳聚糖例外, 其Tg略高于壳聚糖, 空间阻碍在这里起决定的作用.     

Heterocycles. XXV Sodium borohydride reduction of flavanonols

Solvent effects on the stereochemistry in the sodium borohydride reduction of (±)-flavanonols have been examined. The effects observed for the (±)-flavanonols with 5-OMe in 2-propanol, dioxane and methanol are explainable by the differences between the steric interactions inherent in the product-like transition states A and B. It has been also found that 5-OAc peculiarly affects the stereochemistry in the reduction to produce the (±)-catechin-type compounds in a one-pot process. The solvent and temperature effects are examined using a model analogous to the above.     

Mechanical loss processes in polysaccharides

Dynamic mechanical properties of cellophane, amylose, and dextran have been obtained over the temperature range 100–520°K and frequency range 10^?2 to 10⁺² Hz on specimens containing various amounts of water. Four mechanical transitions have been characterized. At about 180°K, there is a γ transition that has been assigned to rotation of methylol groups; no comparable transition was found to exist in dextran. At about 240°K, there is a β transition that has been assigned to rotation of methylol–water complexes, but the β transition in dextran appears to be due to some other kind of motion. In cellophane at about 450°K there is an α₂ transition which appears to have contributions from motion of chain segments in disordered regions. The α₁ transition for cellophane occurs at temperatures too high to measure and may be due to segmental motions in chains within crystalline regions. Dextran and amylose were found to have at these same temperatures α loss processes that probably correspond to glass–rubber transitions in amorphous material. The changes in these mechanical loss mechanisms due to moisture uptake suggest that sorbed water associates with glucose repeat units in ways ranging from those which stiffen molecular structure to those which allow greater freedom for other types of motion to occur.     

Thermal stability of organic electroluminescent devices fabricated using novel charge transporting materials

Novel hole and electron transporting materials have been synthesized to improve the thermal stability of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. Molecular structures of such hole and electron transporting materials were designed based on triphenylamine (TPA) and oxadiazole (OXD) moieties, respectively. It has been found that the resulting materials have high glass transition temperatures (Tg) over 100°C and the vacuum-deposited thin films are significantly thermally stable. For the two-layer EL devices using the novel hole transporting materials and the typical emitting material, tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum, the thermal stability has been clearly seen to depend on the Tg of the hole transporting material; excellent thermal stability was achieved. For the three-layer EL device using the novel electron transporting material, good emission efficiency and good stability were achieved. The electron transporting materials have been also applied to the polymeric system with polyvinylcarbazole matrix.     

辛基膦酸单丁酯萃取钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的结构-性能关系

在钴、镍的湿法冶炼工艺中,溶剂萃取技术己获得了广泛的应用.自1968年Ritcey等首次提出采用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(DEHPA)作为硫酸盐介质中分离钻、镍的萃取剂以来,又先后出现了2-乙基己基麟酸单2-乙基己基醋(EHEHPA)和二（2,4,4-三甲基戊基）磷酸(Cyanex 272、二(1-甲基庚基)磷酸等高效钻一镍分离萃取剂.