气体扩散层中聚四氟乙烯的分布对质子交换膜燃料电池水淹的影响

通过在不同真空度下进行碳纸的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）浸渍处理,考察了PTFE在碳纸中的分布对燃料电池水淹情况的影响. 碳纸PTFE浸渍过程中,抽真空作用可以将碳纸微孔中存留的空气移除,使PTFE更均匀地扩散到内部微孔中. 碳纸的断面电镜照片显示真空浸渍可以改善PTFE的分布. 在总浸渍量相同时,由于真空浸渍使更多的PTFE进入到碳纸内部微孔,故其表面的PTFE比例减少. 实验进一步考察了碳纸中亲水孔和憎水孔的分布,结果表明真空浸渍处理的碳纸具有更高比例的憎水孔. 将不同处理方法的碳纸制备成膜电极,通过全尺寸电池考察其性能,结果表明PTFE的均匀分布可以改善电池性能,并且电化学阻抗分析表明其有利于改善水淹问题.     

氨基功能化SBA-16对CO_2的动态吸附特性

采用浸渍法将四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载到介孔分子筛SBA-16的孔道内,形成功能化的介孔材料用于CO2的吸附.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气物理吸附-脱附和热重分析(TGA)等方法对样品进行了表征.通过动态吸附对不同TEPA浸渍量的SBA-16的CO2吸附性能和再生性能进行研究.结果表明:修饰后的SBA-16仍然保持有序的孔道结构,但样品的孔道有序度降低,比表面积、孔容、平均孔径都减小.样品对CO2的饱和吸附容量和穿透吸附容量随着TEPA浸渍量的增加而增加.60℃时,30%TEPA浸渍量的样品的穿透吸附容量和饱和吸附容量达到最大,分别为0.625和0.973mmol·g-1.在60-80℃,样品的动态吸附性能稳定.经过20次吸附-脱附循环后,样品的饱和吸附容量仅降低了6.45%.采用失活模型对CO2的吸附穿透曲线进行模拟,该模型能够很好地模拟样品对CO2的吸附过程.     

硫酸体系中P507浸渍树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

选用2-乙基已基膦酸单(2-乙基已基)酯(P507)为萃取剂,HZ818大孔树脂为载体,以干法浸渍技术制备了P507浸渍树脂.研究了吸附平衡时间、溶液pH和树脂用量对硫酸体系中该浸渍树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的影响.静态吸附实验表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.采用0.5mol/L的盐酸溶液可将吸附在树脂上的Cd(Ⅱ)洗脱下来.     

N263浸渍树脂吸附分离In(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)的初步研究

以HZ-818大孔吸附树脂为载体,甲基三辛基氯化铵(N263)为萃取剂,利用干浸渍方法制备了N263浸渍树脂。采用静态吸附法考察了在盐酸体系中盐酸浓度、金属离子浓度、温度以及时间等因素对制备的浸渍树脂吸附分离In3+、Fe3+性能的影响。结果表明,浸渍树脂吸附In3+、Fe3+的最佳盐酸浓度均为4mol/L;其吸附In3+、Fe3+的等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;298K下对Fe3+、In3+的饱和吸附容量分别为43.42mg/g、14.53mg/g。动力学研究表明,298K下浸渍树脂吸附Fe3+、In3+的平衡时间分别为6h、10h。准二级动力学方程可较好地描述浸渍树脂对In3+、Fe3+的吸附行为。混合体系中,浸渍树脂对Fe3+表现出较好的吸附性能,而对In3+基本上不吸附,从而达到了初步分离In3+、Fe3+的目的。     

分子筛型PAN-ACF制备及表面结构的XPS研究

以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维（PAN ACF）为原料,首次采用液相浸渍结合空气氧化的方 法,在较为温和的条件下改变原料的表面结构和孔隙结构,制备出具有分离N2/O2性能的分子 筛型PAN ACF.采用TGA DTA、电子天平及XPS技术分析表征了分子筛型PAN ACF的吸附性能 和表面结构.结果表明:浸渍煤焦油后的PAN ACF在100～400 ℃之间失重缓慢,是煤焦油中苯 环及杂环类化合物与纤维表面氧化接枝的过程;经350 ℃浸渍空气氧化ACF对N2/O2吸附量及 选择性均得到了显著提高,选择系数达到5.6;浸渍煤焦油的PAN ACF表面具有一定量的羟基 、醚基、羰基和羧基等含氧官能团,氧化过程中各类官能团含量发生改变,类石墨碳含量随浸 渍浓度增加而增大;浸渍氧化再炭化的结果使PAN ACF对N2/O2吸附选择性得到明显提高.     

微波辐射紫茎泽兰制备优质活性炭的研究

以紫茎泽兰为原料,碳酸钾为活化剂,采用超声波浸渍,微波辐射法制备活性炭.研究了浸渍方式与时间、微波功率、微波辐射时间、剂料比对活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响.得到了本实验条件下的优化工艺条件:超声波浸渍20min、120℃脱水2h,微波功率700W、微波辐射时间12min、剂料比1.25∶1.优化工艺条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值为1470.27mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为300mL/g,得率为16.35%.浸渍时间极大的缩短,微波辐射时间只有传统法活化时间的1/15左右,活性炭的吸附指标超过了国标GB/T 13803.1-1999和GB/T 13803.2-1999一级品的标准,其中碘吸附值是国家一级标准的1.47倍,亚甲基蓝吸附值是国家一级标准的2.73倍.同时,测定了该活性炭氮吸附,其BET比表面积为1540.97m2/g,总孔容为0.7393mL/g,并通过DFT表征了活性炭的孔径分布,结果表明该活性炭为微孔型活性炭.     

单层分散型Pd/Ni双金属催化剂的制备及其催化加氢性能

通过置换反应制备了Pd/Ni双金属催化剂,利用X射线衍射、CO化学吸附和吸附H2的程序升温脱附对其进行了表征,并测定了该催化剂对环己烯、苯乙烯和丙酮气相加氢反应的催化性能.结果发现,在这种催化剂中Pd原子单层分散在金属Ni的表面,因而该催化剂表现出比浸渍法制备的相同Pd含量的Pd/Ni-im和Pd/-γAl2O3催化剂更高的催化加氢活性.     

表面活性剂改性P507浸渍树脂吸附In（Ⅲ）的性能研究

首先以阳离子表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)对AB-8大孔树脂进行表面改性,然后浸渍到含萃取剂P507[2-乙基己基磷酸单(2-乙基己基)酯]的石油醚溶液中,制备了P507浸渍树脂,研究了该改性树脂吸附In(Ⅲ)的热力学和动力学性能,并进行了动态吸附和脱附实验。结果表明,用CTAB对AB-8大孔树脂进行表面改性后,P507在树脂上的负载量和In(Ⅲ)在树脂上的吸附量都显著提高,其中P507的负载量提高了32.2%,In(Ⅲ)的吸附量提高了21.2%。In(Ⅲ)在改性P507浸渍树脂上的等温吸附符合Langmuir吸附方程,饱和吸附量为32.5mg/g;对In(Ⅲ)的吸附为吸热过程,升高温度有利于In(Ⅲ)的吸附,ΔH=5.28kJ/mol,ΔG(303K)=-2.18kJ/mol,ΔS=24.61J/mol.K。在pH=1.0时In(Ⅲ)在P507浸渍树脂上的吸附效果最好,而且易于与Al(Ⅲ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等杂质离子进行分离。     

无氧下低浓度硫化氢在浸渍活性炭上的吸附研究

为了考察常温、无氧下浸渍Na2CO3改性、原料气相对湿度对活性炭吸附硫化氢的促进作用，用动态吸附法分别测试了不同湿度下原活性炭和浸渍活性炭对低浓度硫化氢的吸附，同时考察了温度对该吸附过程的影响。结果表明，吸附平衡数据均符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。与原活性炭相比，浸渍活性炭的孔容和比表面积略有降低，但对硫化氢的吸附能力却显著提高，说明硫化氢与浸渍剂在活性炭表面上发生了化学反应。相对湿度增加，活性炭和浸渍活性炭对H2S的吸附能力均显著增强。温度升高，平衡吸附量均略有下降。     

复合载体及其制备方法对非晶态Ni-B合金催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法及溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,采用浸渍还原法制备了负载型非晶态Ni-B合金,以糠醛液相加氢制糠醇为探针反应考察了不同载体及复合载体的不同制备方法对非晶态Ni-B合金催化性能的影响.采用等离子发射光谱(ICP)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)、H2化学吸附法、程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术研究了负载型非晶态Ni-B合金的负载量、合金组成、热稳定性、粒子大小和形态、活性表面积、还原性能以及吸附性能等.用N2吸附法测定了催化剂及载体的比表面和孔径.研究结果表明,与单一氧化铝载体相比,复合载体负载的Ni-B合金催化活性和选择性明显提高,浸渍法制备的TiO2-Al2O3复合载体负载Ni-B合金的催化性能优于溶胶-凝胶法.主要的原因为复合载体负载的催化剂中Ni含量更高,Ni-B粒子细化导致活性表面积更大,以及催化剂的还原及吸附性能发生改变.     

Comparative evaluation of two substrates for urinary determination of p-aminobenzoic acid by room-temperature phosphorimetry

Filter paper (S & S 903) impregnated with diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid, and Whatman DE-81 anion-exchange paper are evaluated for quantitation of urinary p-aminobenzoic acid. The two substrates are compared with respect to drying characteristics, pH variations, heavy atom effect, and some other variables. Impregnated S & S 903 paper is superior in terms of drying characteristics and background interferences but DE-81 has several advantages including lower detection limit, wider pH range, and ready availability. Although both substrates seem applicable to clinical application, DE-81 is probably more useful.     

TBA浸渍树脂对钯的吸附性能及应用

研究了三苄胺浸渍树脂吸附钯的机理、溶液酸效应、吸附等温线、吸附容量1吸附速率及操作条件等，用于测定钯催化剂中微量钯，取得了较好的效果。     

Polyethylenimine-Containing Cotton Fabrics

Abstract

Polyethylenimine-containing cotton fabrics were prepared by reaction of 1-epoxyethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane with cotton fabric impregnated with polyethylenimine of a moderately high molecular weight. Fabrics with a high unremovable polyethylenimine content and with a different degree of cross-linking were obtained. Adsorption of several heavy metal salts such as mercuric chloride and cupric sulfate by the fabrics was investigated. Adsorption was controlled by polyethylenimine content of the fabric, extent of cross-linking, and the pH of the solution.     

改性活性炭脱除有机硫化物的研究(英文)

考察了在使用改性活性炭脱除有机硫化物的过程中水和温度的影响。研究结果表明,水汽的存在不利于有机胺改性活性炭脱除二硫化碳;Ｋ２ＣＯ３改性活性炭用于脱除碳基硫的实验显示,在３０－６０℃的温度范围内,４０℃最适宜于脱除反应。     

Additional purification of alkali or alkaline earth salts by using silica gel modified with pyrocatechol violet as a sorbent

Sorption of 14 metal ions on silica gel impregnated with a mixture of Aliquat 336 and Pyrocatechol Violet was investigated. It was found that alkali metals and calcium are not retained on the sorbent, magnesium is retained from solutions of pH > 6, contrary to other metal ions. The sorbent was used for purification of some salts from trace amounts of heavy metals and magnesium. Some metals ion mixtures have also been separated by using column extraction chromatography stepwise elution with perchloric acid solutions.     

Detection and separation of metal ions on paper impregnated with 4-hydroxybenzthiazole

Zinc, magnesium and cadmium ions in the presence of ammonia, form intense blue chelates on paper impregnated, with 4-hydroxybenzthiazole, 0.25 microgram, 1.0 microgram and 0.1 microgram respectively, of these metal ions can be detected by means of this test. Several cations interfere.Alumunium can be separated from zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel and cobalt on paper impregnated with 4-hydroxybenzthiazole, which acts as a chromatographic column.     

Inorganic membranes based on zirconium phosphate for fuel cells

In this paper we report on zirconium phosphate based inorganic membrane preparation and electrochemical characterization. The zirconium oxide microporous membranes were impregnated with colloidal particles of zirconium phosphate and were designed for application in direct methanol fuel cells. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and impedance spectroscopy was used for membrane characterization.     

SC-CO2中聚氨酯吸附樟脑的研究

研究了在SC－CO2中不同聚合物对樟脑的吸附,发现聚氨酯、乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物等非晶型和高分子的吸附效果优于聚乙烯等结晶型高分子。继而以聚氨酯为对象,分别讨论了实验温度、压力、吸附时间和不同共溶剂分子对其吸附结果的影响,结果表明,实验温度越高,吸附时间越长,则聚氨酯对樟脑的吸附量越大。当吸附时间相同,吸附量随压力增先增后减,在临界压附近会出现一级大值,在共溶剂的使用中,醇类分子比酮类和胺类分子能更大地提高聚氨酯的对樟脑的吸附量。     

Rapid separation of some alkaloids of toxicological and pharmaceutical importance on zirconium antimonate paper

Summary Chromatographic behaviour of opium and strychnos alkaloids, along with atropine and ephedrine, on paper impregnated with zirconium antimonate using aqueous eluents is reported. Numerous separations of alkaloid mixtures containing up to five components were achieved within 15 minutes.     

Thin-layer chromatographic separation and identification of some anions on copper sulphate impregnated silica gel layers

Summary Thin-layer chromatographic behaviour of thirteen anions on plain silica gel and silica gel impregnated with copper sulphate solution has been investigated in aqueous-organic solvents containing acetone, some of which have achieved reliable and reproducible separations. The effect of copper sulphate concentration on the mobility of anions has been examined. The results obtained on plain silica gel have been compared with those obtained on copper sulphate impregnated layers. The impregnated layers dramatically change the selectivity and permit separations not possible on untreated silica. Aqueous sodium chloride-acetone (9∶1) and ammonium hydroxide-acetone (9∶1) were the most effective solvent systems for differential migration of anions. Better results in terms of clarity of detection and compactness of spots were found with HCOOH-acetone as compared to HCl-acetone. The effect of anion loading on R_F values has been investigated and identification limits on impregnated layers determined.