时域相位光码分多址系统性能分析

给出了时域相位光码分多址系统(OCDMA)的噪声模型,提出了由码间串扰(ISI)所引起的自差拍噪声(SB)概念.利用鞍点近似法分析了多址干扰(MAD、码间串扰、自差拍等噪声对系统性能的影响,给出了系统误码率公式.对最佳门限接收系统以及采用光硬件限幅器的系统性能进行了仿真研究.表明"1"码的误判概率是影响系统的决定性因素.也是开关键控(OOK)系统难以克服的主要问题.最后给出一种采用双编/解码器平衡检测系统的原理框图,分析其性能,并与传统OOK系统比较,结果表明其性能有较大的提高.     

基于超结构光纤光栅的全光编解码性能分析

分析了光码分多址(OCDMA)系统中超结构光纤光栅(SSFBG)编解码器的相关特性, 考虑了输入脉冲宽度、SSFBG编解码光栅之间的波长偏移以及光栅的折射率调制振幅对全光编解码性能的影响。结果表明, 随着输入脉冲宽度和编解码光栅之间的波长偏移量的增加, 自相关峰值旁瓣比和自互相关峰值比下降, 即编解码性能出现下降; 编解码器的插入损耗和相关性能间存在矛盾, 需要折中考虑SSFBG折射率调制振幅的选取。建立了基于SSFBG编解码器的时域相位编码OCDMA系统的数学模型, 考虑了差拍噪声、多址干扰、接收机噪声以及接收机的带宽限制对系统性能的影响, 采用全光阈值技术和turbo编码来提高相干扩时OCDMA的系统性能。     

光纤光栅径向受力检测技术

对光纤布喇格光栅径向受力特性进行了理论与实验研究,给出了光纤布喇格光栅的径向受力灵敏度,并利用可调F-P标准具设计了一套解调光纤布喇格光栅反射峰劈裂值的实验系统.此系统消除了外界环境对F-P标准具初始腔长的干扰所引起的误差,系统的准确度达到了0.02 nm.     

磁光光纤光栅滤波器的全光时钟提取性能研究

研究了磁光耦合强度对磁光光纤布喇格光栅中模式转换光反射光谱特性的影响.根据磁光耦合模理论并结合光纤布喇格光栅的传播特性,数值分析了磁光光纤布喇格光栅的磁控特性,得到了3 dB带宽可调的滤波器.采用级联磁光光纤布喇格光栅构造磁控梳状滤波器,实现了40 Gbps归零数据信号的全光时钟提取仿真,分析了时钟信号的抖动性能与磁光耦合参量的关系.     

磁光光纤光栅滤波器的全光时钟提取性能研究

研究了磁光耦合强度对磁光光纤布喇格光栅中模式转换光反射光谱特性的影响.根据磁光耦合模理论并结合光纤布喇格光栅的传播特性,数值分析了磁光光纤布喇格光栅的磁控特性,得到了3dB带宽可调的滤波器.采用级联磁光光纤布喇格光栅构造磁控梳状滤波器,实现了40Gbps归零数据信号的全光时钟提取仿真,分析了时钟信号的抖动性能与磁光耦合参量的关系.     

基于成像光通信的时间-空间扩频混合光码分多址编码方案

为了在成像光通信中充分利用时间和空间两种频带资源,以成像光通信为基础,提出一种利用二维光正交Pattern码结合时域扩频实现光码分多址(OCDMA)编码的新方案。分析在该方案中存在的多址干扰噪声,并给出了噪声的概率密度函数,然后讨论由多址噪声引起的误码率与判决门限、用户数、码长积和码重积之间的关系。在相同的码容量下与时域扩频光码分多址编码和空间扩频光码分多址编码方案相比,该方案能降低对相关器件性能(时域码片数量和空间像素规模)的要求,而且还可获得更小的误码率。最后给出编码解码的光学实现方案。     

使用FBG及更短光纤的高效Er3+-Yb3+共掺双包层光纤放大器

提出在光纤放大器中,使用光纤布喇格光栅作为泵浦光反射镜,所需的双包层光纤可以缩短,同时至少保持了与没有光纤布喇格光栅作为反射镜时光纤放大器相同的性能.基于速率及传输方程,对使用和不使用光纤布喇格光栅的铒、镱共掺双包层光纤放大器的性能进行了数值模拟.结果表明,使用光纤布喇格光栅作为反射镜时光纤放大器可以获得与无光栅时相同的输出功率,但仅仅需要后者长度一半的光纤,无论是前向泵浦还是后向泵浦.对后向泵浦方式并使用光纤布喇格光栅作为反射镜,可获得最高的输出功率及光增益,同时使用了较短的光纤.     

平面波导阵列布喇格光栅及其光辐照制作方法

本文提出了一种新的平面波导阵列布喇格光栅结构,并给出了在光敏感材料中制作这种波导光栅结构的全息光辐照方法.以LiNbO3:Fe晶体作为光敏感材料,用不同空间频率的双光束干涉条纹辐照后,通过数字全息技术对晶体的光致折射率分布测量和进行的导波衍射测试结果表明,利用这种光辐照方法在光敏感材料中制作平面波导阵列全息布喇格光栅是完全可行的.其显著的导波衍射现象表明,如果在平面波导阵列中制作多重布喇格光栅,有可能使其成为超密集波分复用（UDWDM）系统中波长复用/解复用的核心器件.     

变波长读出条件下光折变局域体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用二维耦合波理论,研究了用短波长记录全息光栅而用通讯波段内的长波长读出时,用于90°结构垂直读出平板型的光折变局域体全息光栅的衍射性质.讨论了局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸对其衍射效率及光栅布喇格选择性的影响.结果表明,随着光栅的纵向和横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加.当光栅的纵向和横向尺寸发生改变但光栅的总面积不变时,光栅衍射效率保持不变.此外,随着光栅尺寸的增加光栅的布喇格选择性越好.在利用短波长记录全息光栅而用长波长读出的光学器件设计过程中,为了获得最佳的衍射效率及其布喇格选择特性,应当根据要求合理地设计光栅的几何尺寸.     

基于喇曼/掺铒光纤混合放大的长距离布喇格光栅传感器系统

提出了一种提高长距离光纤布喇格光栅信噪比以进行准分布测量的新方法.本方法基于双向喇曼放大和双掺铒光纤结构,喇曼光纤放大器对布喇格光栅信号进行低噪音的双向放大,置于远处的掺铒光纤利用剩余的泵浦功率产生自发辐射光和放大传感信号,为第二段掺铒光纤之后的远处布喇格光栅传感器提供光以及补偿由于长距离传输造成的光纤损耗.实验显示传感器系统的性能得到显著提高.使用功率为240 mW的单个普通泵浦,分布在50 km光纤上的FBG均可获得15 dB的良好信噪比,比混合放大前提高了10 dB.     

New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation

A zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code is proposed to reduce the impact of system impairment and multiple access interference (MAI) in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance is derived taking into account the effect of some noises. The key to an effective OCDMA system is the choice of efficient address codes with good or almost zero correlation properties for encoding the source. The use of ZCC code can eradicate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) which will contribute to better BER. Thus, we demonstrate, theoretically, the performance of optical ZCC code. It is shown that optical ZCC code can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical error rate of optical communication system of 10⁻⁹. The result indicates that the established system not only preserves the capability of suppressing MAI, but also improves bit-error-rate performance as compared to the conventional coders.     

An efficient MAI cancellation technique in Optical CDMA

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a promising operational system for future backhaul optical networks especially for switching and optical signal multiplexing. However, OCDMA operation is restricted by multiple access interference (MAI) due to the asynchronous nature of transmission. In this study, we discuss an efficient MAI technique for OCDMA systems that depends not only on using hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation but also on employing the double padded modified prime code (DPMPC) as a signature sequence. MAI cancellation is performed by subtracting a reference signal from the received signal of the desired user. The simulation results show that the performance of the FSK-OCDMA technique is superior to the performance of the PPM-OCDMA technique. Furthermore, the obtained results illustrate that the FSK-OCDMA technique is able to accommodate a large number of simultaneous active users with low error-rate.     

Utilization of spatial ternary coding scheme in optical CDMA system

In this paper, we propose a spatial ternary coding scheme for optical code-division multiple access systems. Since the multiple access interference (MAI) and beat noise leads to the error floor effect, using error correction mechanism is a preferable manner to further enhance the system performance. The proposed spatial ternary coding scheme possesses larger free distance, which is an effective way to relieve such deteriorating effect. It is expected that more users accommodated in the network can obtain higher throughput, while the side effects of MAI and beat noise will turn out to be more serious. To further reduce such adverse impact, the optical hard-limiter is also proposed. Once the channel condition is improved, it will give rise to the more powerful utilization of error correction code. The countermeasures utilized in the proposed system can effectively fight against the MAI and beat noise, and can allow more simultaneous users accommodated in the network. Therefore, it is a promising way for future high-speed optical access networks.     

DWDM混合光学系统中帧间和信道内四波混频效应的抑制

本文提出了光码多分址（CDMA）和光密集波分复用（DWDM）的混合系统,全面研究了四波混频（FWM）的影响。在这个系统中,主要存在两个四波混频问题：包括多址干扰（MAI）和码间干扰（ISI）的帧间四波混频和信道内四波混频。结果表明,综合考虑信道间和信道内四波混频的影响,最佳发射功率可选为18 dBm。当发射功率大于18 dBm时,混合系统的误码率（BER）将增加。基于此,本文提出了一种电光相位调制器（EOPM）模块,将其放置在波分复用器之后,通过抑制信道内四波混频的影响,同时调制所有波长信号的相位,从而增加混合系统的非线性容限,这极大地改善了基于OOK传输的光学CDMA-DWDM混合系统的性能。此外,由于多对角线（MD）结构具有零互相关特性,通过使用多对角线识别序列码可以减少多址干扰的影响。结果还表明,CDMA技术与色散相结合有助于降低信道间四波混频的影响。此外,识别序列码间隔在减轻码间干扰中起着至关重要的作用,如结果所示,当识别序列码间隔压缩至比特持续时间的25%时,可以避免码间干扰,此时所提出的混合系统的性能最佳。     

Multiple access interference cancellation in Manchester-coded synchronous optical PPM-CDMA network

A new interference cancellation technique for direct-detection optical code- division multiple-access (OCDMA) network employing pulse-position modulation (PPM) is proposed in this paper. The multiple access interference (MAI) estimation is achieved by pre-reserving one of optical spreading code sequences at the receiver based on the correlation property of padded modified prime codes (PMPC). The estimated interference is then cancelled out after photo-detection process. Additionally, the transmitted signal is Manchester-coded to further improve the system performance. Based on this proposed interference canceller in a shot-noise limited regime, we have obtained an expression for the upper bound of the bit-error probability (BEP) taking into account effects of both MAI and shot-noise. This BEP is compared with that of a PPM-OCDMA without cancellation. Finally, the receiver structure of the proposed optical network unit (ONU) is fairly simple to compare with the conventional cancellation schemes.     

Performance and comparison of fiber vibration sensing using SAC-OCDMA with direct decoding techniques

Intensity modulated fiber vibrations sensing using Khazani Syed (KS) and Modified Quadratic Congruence Code (MQC) code for quasi distributed vibration measurement have been evaluated. The systems employed Spectral Direct (SD) Decoding for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA). SAC-OCDMA is adopted because of its enormous impact in dealing with Multiple Access Interference (MAI). The setup was carried out for three sensor points in three consecutive measurements. The performance of the sensing system with the KS and MQC codes were compared at the same weight and number of code sequence. It was observed that the applied vibration frequencies were obtained at the receivers and the signal employing MQC are received at slightly better power than KS code. However, KS code setup employed less number of components and therefore, reduce the cost and complexity of achieving quasi-distributed vibration sensing.     

Minimizing correlation effect using zero cross correlation code in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access

The use of minimal multiple access interference (MAI) in code design is investigated. Applying a projection and mapping techniques, a code that has a zero cross correlation (ZCC) between users in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is presented in this paper. The system is based on an incoherent light source—LED, spectral amplitude coding (SAC), and direct detection techniques at the receiver. Using power spectral density (PSD) function and Gaussian approximation, we obtain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the bit-error rate (BER) to measure the code performance. Making a comparison with other existing codes, e.g., Hadamard, MFH and MDW codes, we show that our code performs better at BER 10⁻⁹ in terms of number of simultaneous users. We also demonstrate the comparison between the theoretical and simulation analyses, where the results are close to one another.     

可重构光分插复用器的设计与实现

研究了基于光纤光栅光开关的可重构光分插复用器（ROADM）的设计和实现.提出了一种光纤光栅准直器的结构,由光纤光栅准直器组成的光纤光栅光开关真正实现了光纤光栅与光开关合二为一的结构.以光纤光栅光开关为核心模块,制作了一种ROADM,该器件结构更紧凑,体积更小.通过对样机的测试和系统仿真,结果证明了此种结构的ROADM符合设计标准,具有较高的性能,而且结构简单,操作方便.此外,该ROADM制作过程难度小,器件成本低,适合批量生产.     

一种二维光CDMA地址码的构造及实现方法

对光正交码(OOC)的特性和二维地址码的构造方法进行研究,介绍了一种用于OCDMA系统的二维时间/频率组合码的构造方法,分析该地址码的自相关和互相关特性,以及该地址码的实现方法.分析结果表明,由单极性码OOC构造而成的二维时间/频率组合码OOC/OOC不仅具有良好的自相关和互相关特性,而且可以通过采用光纤布拉格光栅编解码器和阵列波导光栅编解码器实现快速、灵活编码.     

小型化光纤光栅解调系统设计及寻峰算法的模拟评测

为实现光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）反射光谱信号的实时监测,基于全固态光谱模块设计了用于解调FBG信号的硬件系统和软件架构,编写了上位机软件,嵌入了不同的寻峰算法,可适用于不同噪声环境下中心波长的计算,以减少由算法带来的波长误差。软件还包括数据采集、存储及回放等功能。以高斯拟合寻峰算法为例,提出了一种不依赖硬件设备对寻峰算法进行模拟评测的方法,提高了这类光谱解调系统的开发效率。采用叠加了不同噪声水平的理想FBG反射谱进行模拟评测实验,结果表明,阈值取为噪声平均幅值的2倍时可获得最佳的寻峰结果,且寻峰误差与采集数据的信噪比（SNR）和光谱峰宽成反比。运用高斯拟合寻峰算法对硬件系统实际采集的FBG反射谱数据进行寻峰计算,所得系统精度为5.89 pm,与模拟评测结果的误差小于1.7 pm,验证了模拟评测的可行性。