自适应直达波抑制方法在前向散射宽带信号中的应用

介绍了前向声散射目标探测的基本原理,并提出了基于自适应滤波的直达波抑制(DBS-AF)方法。将DBS-AF方法扩展到线性调频(LFM)信号中,把信号的包络视为一种广义"波形"并输入自适应滤波器。利用该方法分析了湖试数据,并得到了随观测时间变化的检测输出曲线。在曲线上直达波对应了曲线的背景输出而目标引起的接收声场畸变则对应了曲线的峰值起伏。单个通道的直达波抑制效果可以达到-5 dB左右;引入去均值化预处理能够增强直达波抑制效果,再利用多通道的接收信息,直达波被抑制到-10 dB以下。影响算法性能的主要因素是训练权值时段内接收信号的起伏和信直比。      

整体高炉煤气联合循环(IBFGCC)发电系统性能分析

本文基于总能系统概念讨论整体高炉煤气联合循环(IBFGCC)发电系统及其特点;以高炉富氧喷煤实验数据为基础,进行数值模拟;同时对IBFGCC系统进行性能分析,探讨了鼓风富氧量、制氧耗功等一些主要参数对系统性能的影响规律;揭示了随着高炉煤比增加、焦比降低及富氧率的增加,联合循环发电量亦有较大幅度增加,为IBFGCC的应用提供参考依据。     

快速应对电网闪对EAST低温系统影响研究

EAST氦低温系统是EAST(Experimental Advanced Super-conducting Tokamak)先进超导托卡马克实验装置重要子系统之一;EAST氦低温系统是高能耗能系统,拥有7台氦压缩机(4台低压缩机,3台高压缩机),总功率达到1.4 MW左右,由于EAST实验是连续运行(每次在120天以上),中间不能有停机、停电等事故,否则实验无法正常运行。其供电稳定性是个大问题,对供电系统、变电站的要求都很高;然而在实验期间由于一些非人为因素,还是出现几次"电网闪"跳电事故,低温系统压缩机部分或全部停机、氦透平膨胀机全停、冷却水泵系统全停、真空泵系统全停等事故。若事故处理不当会导致丢气、管道压力过高、液氦容器爆炸、损坏磁体等严重后果。文中给出了EAST实验期间出现电网闪的事故时进行相应处理步骤与一些快速应对的操作经验。     

自适应直达波抑制方法在前向散射宽带信号中的应用（英文）

The basic principles of target detection by forward acoustic scattering are presented.A direct blast suppression approach based on adaptive filtering(DBS-AF) is proposed to suppress the direct blast.The DBS-AF technique is extended to the linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal,where the envelope of the signal is regarded as a "general waveform" and imported into the adaptive filter.Application of the DBS-AF method to the data collected from a lake trial yields an output detection curve,in which the direct blast is mapped to the background while the acoustic field aberration is represented by the peak value fluctuation.The inhibitory effect in single hydrophone is approximately- 5 dB,and is then enhanced by exploiting the mean value removal approach as a preprocessing technique.The direct blast is further suppressed to a level of-10 dB by making full use of multichannel receptions.The main factors affecting the algorithm performance are as follows:the fluctuation degree of the receptions during the weighting vector training period and the power ratio of the forward scattered wave to the direct blast when the target is present.     

Metal plasma induced by the bombardment of 308 nm excimer and 585 nm dye laser pulses at low pressure

The characteristics of the plasma induced by the bombardment of laser pulses (4–6 mJ, 10–15 ns) on a metal surface kept in the pressure range (0.1–10 Torr) is studied. The laser induced plasma consists of two distinct regions. One is a small-region plasma (primary plasma), which emits an intense continuous emission spectrum for a few tenths of 0.1 μs. The other is a plasma (secondary plasma) spreading out with time, which emits intense atomic emission spectra. It was found that the displacement length of the front of the secondary plasma is proportional to the two-fifths power of time. This fact indicates that the blast wave plays an important role in the mechanism of forming the luminuous secondary plasma. The primary plasma is considered as the source of the blast wave.     

Measurement of the decay rate of single-frequency perturbations on blast waves

To explore the validity of theories forwarded to explain the dynamics of hydrodynamic perturbations on high Mach number blast waves, we have studied the decay rate of perturbations on blast waves traveling through nitrogen gas. In our experiments, 1 kJ pulses from the Z-Beamlet laser at Sandia National Laboratories illuminated solid targets immersed in gas and created blast waves. The polytropic index implied by comparing experiment to theoretical predictions is compared to simulation results.     

高炉渣非晶态含量的定量分析方法研究

通过X-ray衍射方法对高炉渣中非晶态与晶态的含量进行了定量分析研究。定量分析过程包括标准样品制备、配样与衍射以及数据处理分析。数据处理包括非晶态衍射峰及晶态峰在一定衍射角度内的积分、线性拟合与定量系数确定。提出了X-ray衍射方法所用的高炉渣标准样品的制备方法,包括100％非晶态标样和100％晶态标样。提出了由100％非晶态和100％晶态为标准样品时,高炉渣中非晶态含量的测定方法,适用于非晶态含量较高(>80%)的高炉渣的定量分析。结合数学处理和X-ray衍射结果,可得到原始高炉渣中非晶态含量和晶态含量,以及相应的比例系数,适用于非晶态含量高的高炉渣(>90%)。     

PID参数自整定方法在热风炉燃烧控制中的应用

热风炉是高炉生产系统中重要的组成部分,其燃烧控制是一个相当重要的部分。但是国内大部分的中小型热风炉参数的设置几乎都采用常规PID,这样受人为因素影响严重,不能达到节约能源和优化控制的目的。因此,运用合适的PID参数自整定方法来代替常规PID整定,对煤气和空气流量进行控制,进而改善热风炉的送风效果显得尤为重要。本文设计了热风炉的燃烧控制方案,然后具体对几种不同的PID自整定方法进行研究,并以工业控制系统中常用的带有时间延迟的一阶模型为例,运用MATLAB对具体的PID自整定方法进行研究与仿真。同时,对仿真结果进行比较,得到了各种自整定方法的控制效果和适用范围。以便将PID自整定方法运用到热风炉的燃烧控制中,进而改善其燃烧效果。     

Two-dimensional numerical visualization on the interaction of blast waves with obstacles

In this study, the complex phenomena of propagation and interaction of the blast waves impacting on obstacles were visualized and investigated using a numerical method. Three different distances between an immovable wall and a bomb shelter with a square block inside were considered while a blast source is located in front of wall at the same distance from shelter. The transitional shock phenomena were simulated by means of a multi-block mesh system and a flux computational model. Spatial discretization was performed using the Roe’s upwind schemes; time integration was achieved via the second-order explicit Hancock method. Proof of the numerical results indicated that those results were in close agreement with the experimental data obtained for the wedge flow. For the cases proved, the geometries of the reflected wave patterns followed by the incident blast waves crossing the immovable wall and impacting inside of bomb shelters were similar. However the height of wall has a dominating impact on the effect associated with different incident blast waves from the same blast source. Meanwhile, different reflected overpressure-time histories and streamlines were observed and analyzed for the results obtained.     

Subjective loudness of simulated quarry blast waves, with implications for the transition from impulsive to continuous sound.

The tradeoff between amplitude and duration for equal loudness was explored for idealized quarry blast waves. An extended low-frequency response loudspeaker-driven simulation booth was employed with computer-generated imput test signals. In place of actual irregular blast waves, the simulated signatures were composed of sequences of identical shock-decay impulses of 25 ms duration and 0.2 ms rise time. Sequences of 1--16 impulses yielded overall durations of 25--400 ms. At the short durations the loudness was found to increase 2 dB for each doubling of duration; above 100 ms the increase was progressively lower, approaching as an asymptote the level for continuous sound. The results were compared with theoretical predictions: for this purpose the spectral method of Johnson and Robinson, well varified in our earlier studies of sonic boom impulses, was used. The shorter quarry blast judgments (T less than or equal to 100 ms) were found to be in very good agreement in terms of relative loudness levels. With an ad hoc--but physically plausible--modification (including adjustment of the critical integration time of the ear) the predictive method was extended to encompass the long duration signals as well. Thus the applicability of the method has been demonstrated for other types of transient sounds than the N wave; and the extension of the method tentatively appears to bridge the range between impulsive and continuous sounds of similar spectral content.     

浅海双基地有源探测调频信号直达波消除

双基地有源探测常采用长脉宽探测信号以获取更高的时间增益,容易导致回波弱信号被强直达波信号掩蔽而影响回波检测.针对长调频信号直达波的干扰,提出基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的直达波消除方法.该方法利用调频信号在时频分布上的稀疏性,通过对接收信号进行分数阶傅里叶变换分离直达波和回波信号然后在变换域对直达波信号进行去除.远...     

基于多分辨分析的高炉铁水含硅量波动多重分形辨识

以包钢6号高炉、邯钢7号高炉和莱钢1号高炉在线采集的铁水含硅量(［Si］)的时间序列为样本, 利用多分辨分析剔除样本的长期趋势,对样本保留的波动趋势进行多重分形特征辨识. 通过计算广义Hurst指数、尺度函数、多重分形谱, 全面、细致量化了序列的局部及不同层次的波动奇异性. 计算结果表明: 去除长期趋势后, 三座高炉［Si］序列的波动呈现显著多重分形特征, 这样的波动过程仅用单一的Hurst指数或box维数来描述是不够的. 关键词： 多分辨分析 铁水含硅量 波动 多重分形     

Utilization of blast furnace slag nano-fluids in two-phase closed thermos-syphon heat pipes for enhancing heat transfer

This article deals with utilization of blast furnace slag nano-fluids in two-phase closed thermo-syphon heat pipes for enhancing heat transfer at various states of operation. The utilization of nano-fluids obtained from X₂O₃-, XO-, XO₂-, and X₂O-type oxides, such as Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, SiO₂, MgO, MnO, K₂O, and Na₂O, on the improvement of heat pipe performance has been separately reported in a number of studies in the literature. The present study experimentally demonstrated the effect of using a nano-fluid obtained from blast furnace slag comprised of various types of metal oxides in varying ratios on improving the performance of a heat pipe. The slag was obtained from the iron blast furnace of Karabük Iron Steel Workings (Turkey). Triton X-100 (Dow Chemical Company) dispersant was used in the study to produce the blast furnace slag/water nano-fluid via direct-synthesis. The 2 wt% concentration of blast furnace slag/water nano-fluid was used as the working fluid in heat pipes. A straight copper tube with an inner diameter of 13 mm, outer diameter of 15 mm, and length of 1 m was used as the heat pipe in the present experimental study. The nano-fluid filled 33.3% (44.2 ml) of the volume of the two-phase closed thermo-syphon. Three heating power levels (200, 300, and 400 W) were used in the experiments with three different flow rates of cooling water (5, 7.5, and 10 g/s) used in the condenser for cooling the system. An increase of 22% was achieved in thermal performance of the two-phase closed thermo-syphon when 2 wt% blast furnace slag containing nano-fluid was used to replace pure water at a heat load of 200 W with a cooling water flow rate of 5 g/s.     

含铝炸药水下爆炸性能的实验研究

对RS211、HL-1、HL-2这3种含铝炸药和TNT炸药进行了水下爆炸实验,测量了4种炸药水下爆炸冲击波压力剖面和气泡脉动周期,获得了4种炸药水下爆炸冲击波的峰值超压、冲量、能量和气泡能。实验结果表明,在所研究的范围内,与TNT炸药相比,含铝炸药的冲击波能量有明显增加,约为TNT炸药的1.20～1.35倍,气泡能有显著增加,约为TNT炸药的1.50～2.30倍,表明在炸药中加入铝粉对于提高炸药水中爆炸威力是有益的。     

Power Frequency Scaling and Electrode Vapor Effects in Gas Blast Interrupters

In order to investigate the applicability of experiments on reduced size models to full size gas blast interrupters, a series of air blast experiments was performed in which peak currents and test frequency were varied together, keeping dl/dt at current zero fixed. With a strong effect of l thus eliminated, with current blocking avoided, and with the electrode vapour effect suitably controlled, the post current zero thermal recovery speed of the arc was found to be independent of the power or test frequency. Similar experiments were performed with several electrode materials. To these have been added measurements of electrode vapour contamination level and a theoretical model. In combination, they indicate strongly that a modest degree of vapour contamination (~ one percent) by a low ionization potential material (copper) can increase the electrical conductivity of an arc enough to halve its thermal recovery speed.     

Blast waves in a cylindrical channel generated by the nonideal detonation of aluminum-Teflon-RDX high-density formulations

The pressure at the front and the pressure impulse of blast waves generated in a cylindrical tube by the expanding products of the nonideal detonation of low-porosity charges prepared by pressing of fine-grained powders of aluminum, Teflon, and RDX were measured. The measured parameters are compared to the same parameters of blast waves produced by the detonation of TNT charges of identical mass. The relative quantities were used to evaluate the effectiveness of blast waves with respect to those generated by TNT. Mixed compositions differing in the shape (brand) of the aluminum powder particles and the ratio between the components at 30% RDX are studied. It is shown that, for the investigated compositions, the pressure at the leading front of the wave exceeds the pressure achieved during TNT explosion on average by 10–30%, almost independently of the distance traveled along the tube in the range from 0.8 to 3.8 m. The dependence of the wave amplitude on the particle shape and aluminum content was weak. In the same range of distances, the relative pulse pressure increases strongly, from 0.5 to 2.1 and higher, mainly due to an increase in the width of the wave. This result is of interest from the point of view of achieving a high pressure impulse of the blast wave in an area remote from the charge. The obtained data suggest that RDX mainly reacts in the detonation wave, with the chemical transformation of Teflon and aluminum in the detonation wave and near-to-charge zone occurring, if at all, to a small extent. On the contrary, as the blast wave front moves through the channel, the burning of aluminum in the fluoride formed during the decomposition of Teflon provides an appreciable support to the blast wave, causing a significant increase in the pressure impulse.     

基于多光谱成像技术的水稻叶瘟检测分级方法研究

实时、可靠的植物病害检测是进行科学的植物喷药作业的基础,也是精确农作的关键技术之一。目前水稻稻瘟病害检测鉴定方法存在着专业知识要求高、花费大、效率低等缺点。文章提出了利用包含绿、红、近红外三波段通道的多光谱成像技术对水稻叶瘟病进行检测。研究目的是建立能够快速、准确分析稻叶瘟病情的检测模型,实时过滤掉背景噪声、自然枯叶等干扰因素,实现对水稻生长状况进行及时、有效、非破坏性检测。研究表明,利用多光谱成像技术提取水稻叶面及冠层图像信息,可以快速有效地检测稻叶瘟病情。通过实验建立的稻叶瘟病情检测分级模型,对于营养生长期的水稻苗瘟的识别准确率为98%,叶瘟的识别准确率为90%,为实施科学的稻叶瘟防治提供了决策支持。     

Indoor human response to blast sounds that generate rattles

The two major noise sources that cause environmental problems for the U. S. Army are helicopters and large weapons such as artillery, tanks, and demolition. These large weapons produce blast sounds that contain little energy above 200 Hz and that are particularly troublesome to deal with because they excite rattles in structures. The purpose of this study was to systematically test subjective response to the presence or absence of rattles in otherwise similar blast sound environments. A second purpose of the study was to test if there were structural changes that could reduce annoyance within the indoor blast sound environment. This study was done using a specially constructed test house and highly repeatable shake table to generate the blast sounds. The data clearly show that no commonly used environmental noise measure adequately describes the indoor environment when the blast excites rattles. Although the indoor blast ASEL changes by only about a decibel or so (and the indoor blast CSEL changes by even less), the subjective response changes by up to 13 dB. At low blast levels, the increase in human annoyance response is largest, and this annoyance response offset decreases to about 6 dB when the outside, flat-weighted peak sound-pressure level of the blast increases from 112 to 122 dB.     

Influence of ambient pressure on the performance of an arc discharge plasma actuator

The arc discharge plasma actuator (ADPA) has wide application prospects in high‐speed flow control because of its local heating effect and strong disturbance. In this paper, the influence of ambient pressure, which ranges from 3 to 20 kPa, on the performance of a two‐electrode ADPA is investigated by a schlieren system. The duration of the arc heated region, as well as its area, is extracted by image processing. As the ambient pressure increases, different flow field evolutions occur. The duration of the ADPA heated region increases with the ambient pressure. The maximum duration reaches 1185.3 µs at 20 kPa. The velocity of the discharge‐induced blast shock wave first decreases gradually and then remains at 345 m/s for all air pressures. The blast shock wave has a higher velocity at lower pressures when it is freshly produced. A maximum blast shock wave velocity of 582 m/s is observed at the pressure of 7 kPa. The arc heated region is not sensitive to ambient pressure, but the deposited energy from the arc increases when the pressure increases.